基于选相技术的发电机断路器研究
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摘要
选相控制开关又称同步开关或相控开关,其实质就是根据不同的负载特性,控制开关在电压或电流最有利的相位(电角度)完成合闸或分闸,以主动消除开关过程所产生的涌流和过电压等电磁暂态效应,或提高开关的开断能力。开关选相控制技术是当前国内外开关智能化的前沿课题之一。本文以提高发电机断路器开断能力和可靠性为出发点,分析了发电机断路器并联灭弧室电流转过程,理论分析了发电机断路器的“失零”现象、提出了基于选相控制技术的发电机断路器分断故障电流的策略,设计了发电机断路器的同步控制系统。在建立发电机断路器的可靠性模型的基础上,提出了提高其可靠性的具体办法。发电机故障电流的选相开断是当前选相控制开关技术研究的前沿领域之一,本文为研究的深入与推广提供了支持与参考。
为进一步提高真空断路器的载容流量及开断能力,本文采用并联分断的方式,建立了并联分断的支路分流数学模型,并结合模型对支路电流转移时间、两极不同期性以及首开极电流过零时间进行了具体分析,描述了并联分断的不同过程。
选相控制的指令依据是短路故障判断。发电机断路器设置在发电机出口,由于状况复杂,设备、线路的投切,都会给系统带来暂态过程,因此需要及时地区分系统的正常过程还是处于故障状态。本文根据发电机出口处的特殊状况,采用小波分析原理,设计了发电机近距离故障判断系统,可快速识别、判断发电机出口的短路故障。短路故障选相分断的控制难点是在有限的时间内确定适当的分断指令时刻,本文根据Poltl提出“安全点算法”,进行了短路电流快速预测研究。证实该算法简单、可靠,适合发电机出口的故障电流的选相分断。
本研究设计的发电机断路器选用稳定可靠的双稳态永磁机构。本文在建立起其电磁数学模型的基础之上,分析了其动态的特性,为真空断路器的优化设计提供了参考。为了提高发电机断路器的可靠性,根据“故障树”可靠性分析理论,建立了并联型真空断路器的故障树模型,并分析了发电机断路器的可靠性,提出了提高发电机断路器可靠性的解决办法。
本文设计并实现的选相控制系统设计包括：基于MC68332与FPG相结合的软硬件结构；现场可编程门阵列FPGA作为MC68332的宏功能协处理器,利用它硬件实现处理算法的优势完成底层的数据采集及谐波小波分析等耗费大量时间的任务,大大降低主CPU的工作负担,提高整体速度和可靠性,并有利于模块化设计和系统升级。将所开发的选相控制系统配用于永磁机构真空开关,研制出基于选相控制的发电机断路器样机。试验结果表明：整套装置运行稳定可靠,合分闸相位误差在±lms以内,能很明显地避免重燃,试验前后开关动作时间一致。
Phase-Controlled switching, also named synchronous switching or phasing controlled switch, is applied to the principle of coordinating the instant of opening or closing of a circuit with specific target point on a favorable voltage or current waveform. Controlled switching is an economical solution to reduce switching surges or to increase its breaking capacity. It is one of the advanced subjects of intelligent apparatus. To increase the breaking capability and the reliability of generator vacuum circuit breaker, the theory of generator vacuum circuit breaker has been analyzed in this paper. Based on the developed reliability model of generator circuit breaker, the synchronous control system is designed. The obtained results in this paper supply references to the further research of the synchronous generator vacuum circuit breaker.
To increase the break capability of generator vacuum circuit breaker, a parallel switching method has been introduced. The related mathematic model of parallel switching is established. The transfer time of the branch current and the asynchrony are analyzed. The concrete method is presented to solve the parallel switching.
The basis of Phase-controlled switching is to judge the short circuit fault exactly. Generator circuit breaker is located on the exit of the generator. The switching of the equipment and the circuit can cause the transient phenomenon. It is necessary to distinguish between the normal state and the fault state of the system. A distinguishing system applying the wavelet principle is designed in this paper. The switching strategy based on the Poltl algorithm is applied to control switching of the generator fault current.
Due to the perfectly match characteristics, permanent magnetic actuator (PMA) has been widely used by vacuum circuit breaker. Based on the mathematical model of PMA, the dynamic characteristic is analyzed. The fault tree of the generator circuit breaker is constructed to increase the reliability of generator vacuum circuit breaker.
The controlled switching system applied the combination of the MC68332 and FPGA. The design of software and hardware for the control system is presented. In this system, MC68332 is used as the kernel. The FPGA realize the real-time sampling and the wavelet Transform. Thus the control precision and the arithmetic speed of the system are improved.
Based on the above theoretical analysis, a prototype device of generator circuit breaker using PMA has been built based on controlled switching. Experiment results show that the operation of prototype device is stable and reliable. The deviations of actual switching instants are less than 1ms. The inrush current and restrike are effectively eliminated.
为进一步提高真空断路器的载容流量及开断能力,本文采用并联分断的方式,建立了并联分断的支路分流数学模型,并结合模型对支路电流转移时间、两极不同期性以及首开极电流过零时间进行了具体分析,描述了并联分断的不同过程。
选相控制的指令依据是短路故障判断。发电机断路器设置在发电机出口,由于状况复杂,设备、线路的投切,都会给系统带来暂态过程,因此需要及时地区分系统的正常过程还是处于故障状态。本文根据发电机出口处的特殊状况,采用小波分析原理,设计了发电机近距离故障判断系统,可快速识别、判断发电机出口的短路故障。短路故障选相分断的控制难点是在有限的时间内确定适当的分断指令时刻,本文根据Poltl提出“安全点算法”,进行了短路电流快速预测研究。证实该算法简单、可靠,适合发电机出口的故障电流的选相分断。
本研究设计的发电机断路器选用稳定可靠的双稳态永磁机构。本文在建立起其电磁数学模型的基础之上,分析了其动态的特性,为真空断路器的优化设计提供了参考。为了提高发电机断路器的可靠性,根据“故障树”可靠性分析理论,建立了并联型真空断路器的故障树模型,并分析了发电机断路器的可靠性,提出了提高发电机断路器可靠性的解决办法。
本文设计并实现的选相控制系统设计包括：基于MC68332与FPG相结合的软硬件结构；现场可编程门阵列FPGA作为MC68332的宏功能协处理器,利用它硬件实现处理算法的优势完成底层的数据采集及谐波小波分析等耗费大量时间的任务,大大降低主CPU的工作负担,提高整体速度和可靠性,并有利于模块化设计和系统升级。将所开发的选相控制系统配用于永磁机构真空开关,研制出基于选相控制的发电机断路器样机。试验结果表明：整套装置运行稳定可靠,合分闸相位误差在±lms以内,能很明显地避免重燃,试验前后开关动作时间一致。
Phase-Controlled switching, also named synchronous switching or phasing controlled switch, is applied to the principle of coordinating the instant of opening or closing of a circuit with specific target point on a favorable voltage or current waveform. Controlled switching is an economical solution to reduce switching surges or to increase its breaking capacity. It is one of the advanced subjects of intelligent apparatus. To increase the breaking capability and the reliability of generator vacuum circuit breaker, the theory of generator vacuum circuit breaker has been analyzed in this paper. Based on the developed reliability model of generator circuit breaker, the synchronous control system is designed. The obtained results in this paper supply references to the further research of the synchronous generator vacuum circuit breaker.
To increase the break capability of generator vacuum circuit breaker, a parallel switching method has been introduced. The related mathematic model of parallel switching is established. The transfer time of the branch current and the asynchrony are analyzed. The concrete method is presented to solve the parallel switching.
The basis of Phase-controlled switching is to judge the short circuit fault exactly. Generator circuit breaker is located on the exit of the generator. The switching of the equipment and the circuit can cause the transient phenomenon. It is necessary to distinguish between the normal state and the fault state of the system. A distinguishing system applying the wavelet principle is designed in this paper. The switching strategy based on the Poltl algorithm is applied to control switching of the generator fault current.
Due to the perfectly match characteristics, permanent magnetic actuator (PMA) has been widely used by vacuum circuit breaker. Based on the mathematical model of PMA, the dynamic characteristic is analyzed. The fault tree of the generator circuit breaker is constructed to increase the reliability of generator vacuum circuit breaker.
The controlled switching system applied the combination of the MC68332 and FPGA. The design of software and hardware for the control system is presented. In this system, MC68332 is used as the kernel. The FPGA realize the real-time sampling and the wavelet Transform. Thus the control precision and the arithmetic speed of the system are improved.
Based on the above theoretical analysis, a prototype device of generator circuit breaker using PMA has been built based on controlled switching. Experiment results show that the operation of prototype device is stable and reliable. The deviations of actual switching instants are less than 1ms. The inrush current and restrike are effectively eliminated.
引文
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