三维数值水池及船舶操纵性水动力数值计算
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摘要
从2010年开始,我国在船舶工业总量上就已超过韩国和日本,成为世界第一。但在科技水平和核心竞争力方面,与发达国家还有不小的差距,船舶工业由大到强还有很长的一段路要走。为此,国务院发布了《船舶工业加快结构调整促进转型升级实施方案(2013-2015年)》,该方案指出开展船舶和海洋工程装备关键技术攻关,培育提高科技创新能力,对于提高产业核心竞争力,努力实现船舶工业由大到强的转变,具有重要的现实意义。船舶CFD技术是CFD在船舶和海洋工程领域应用所产生的高新技术。近十多年来,随着高速度、大容量计算机的快速发展和数值模拟技术的进步,采用计算流体动力学方法解决船舶操纵性问题成为了可能,该方法打破了长期以来完全依靠物理水池去估算船舶水动力性能的传统,将数值水池作为一种与试验水池优劣互补、相辅相成的手段应用于船舶操纵运动水动力数值模拟中。
本文所做的主要工作有：
(1)构建了用于研究船舶操纵性的三维数值波浪水池。采用仿物理造波和纯数值造波两种造波方法造波,海绵层阻尼消波法消波,构建数值波浪水池,实现数值波浪水池模拟。从网格尺寸、时间步长和离散格式等多个方面对规则波的数值衰减问题进行了分析研究。
(2)对影响船舶操纵的舵和螺旋桨进行了水动力数值研究。研究了不同展弦比,不同厚度比条件,不同雷诺数下,敞水舵的水动力性能的升力和阻力,并将数值模拟的结果与试验数据进行验证比较,吻合性较好,得到了不同舵角下舵周围的压力和速度分布,观察分析了舵周围流体的分离现象。以四叶螺旋桨KP458为研究对象,对螺旋桨水动力性能进行研究,得到了不同进速系数下的螺旋桨的推力系数和扭矩系数,绘制了敞水螺旋桨的水动力性能曲线。
(3)对船模直航和斜航试验的操纵运动进行了数值模拟。计算了带自由面的DTMB5415船模粘性流场,并将计算结果与试验值进行了比较。以KCS船型为研究对象,通过采用“叠模”模型和带自由面的VOF方法分别对船模直航运动进行了数值模拟,并将两者的计算结果分别与试验值进行了比较。通过计算不同航速下带自由面的KCS船模直航阻力,获得一系列相应的力和力矩等数据,采用最小二乘法线性拟合得到了KCS船模直航阻力水动力导数。将大连海事大学的实习船“育鲲”轮作为研究对象,进行了船模直航阻力的数值模拟,得到了相关的水动力导数。以KVLCC2M为研究对象,对船模斜航运动的粘性流场进行了数值模拟,得到了不同漂角下船舶的侧向水动力系数和首摇力矩系数,从而计算了相应的水动力导数。船模直航和斜航试验的数值模拟为航海模拟器中采用船舶CFD计算水动力导数奠定了基础,为船舶CFD实用化研究提供一种新的思路。
Chinese shipbuilding industry has grown at overwhelming pace to dominate the top global ranks till the year of2010. However, compared with the developed countries, Chinese shipbuilding industry still has a long way to go in improving shipbuilding science and core competitiveness.Therefore, the state council issued regulations on speeding up structural adjustment and promoting the transformation and upgrading of shipbuilding industries from2013to2015. The regulations indicate that it is very urgent to tackle key technology of ship and marine engineering and improve the scientific and technological innovation. Enhancing of the core competiveness will make Chinese shipbuilding industry stronger. Ship computational fluid dynamics technology is high-tech industries on application of ship and ocean engineering using CFD. In recent ten years, with the rapid development concerning high speed and large capacity of computer and numerical simulation. It is possible to solve ship maneuverability through CFD. The new method is different with traditional method which depends on experimental tank to estimate ship hydrodynamic performance. The numerical tank will be used to study the ship maneuver motion together with the physical experimental tank.
The main work of the paper lies in:
(1) Numerical wave tank is established to perform the research in the field of ship maneuverability. The wave-generation methods of physical making-wave and pure numerical making-wave are employed to generate the numerical wave in the numerical wave tank respectively. The method of wave damping absorber is used to absorb the numerical wave in the numerical wave tank. The regular wave attenuation is analyzed on the aspect of mesh size, time step and discretization scheme.
(2) Hydrodynamic numerical research is made on the important equipments of ship maneuver, such as rudder and propeller. The numerical computation of lift coefficient and drag coefficient for3D rudder is performed at different aspect ratio and thickness ratio and Reynolds number. The numerical results are compared with experimental results, and a good agreement is demonstrated. The pressure and velocity fields are obtained under different rudder angles. At the same time, the separation phenomenon of the viscous flow around rudder is observed and analyzed. Take four blades propeller KP458as the subject of propeller research, the propeller thrust coefficients and torque coefficients is gained in different advance coefficients, and the curve of propeller hydrodynamic performance is drew.
(3) Hydrodynamic numerical research on ship direct motion and oblique motion is carried out. Viscous flow around DTMB514ship model with free surface is calculated, and the numerical results are compared with experimental results. The two methods are introduced to simulate the KCS model. The free surface is considered for the first method. The second method ignores the free surface, in other words, a mirror image which replaces the free surface is applied. The results with different methods are compared with experimental results respectively. Viscous flow around KCS model in different velocities is simulated, the force and moment are gained, and the hydrodynamic derivatives are calculated with the least-squares method. The motor vessel "YUKUN" which is the training vessel of Dalian Maritime University also is taken as the object to simulate the ship direct motion, and the hydrodynamic derivatives are calculated. KVLCC2M which is one of the standard ship form used in the comparative research is taken as the main object, and the numerical simulation of viscous flow around KVLCC2M ship model in oblique motion is carried out. The lateral force coefficients and yaw moment coefficients under different drift angles are calculated, and the hydrodynamic derivatives are gained. These hydrodynamic numerical results will be considered to use in marine simulator in the future, and it will be a good way for ship CFD practical research.
本文所做的主要工作有：
(1)构建了用于研究船舶操纵性的三维数值波浪水池。采用仿物理造波和纯数值造波两种造波方法造波,海绵层阻尼消波法消波,构建数值波浪水池,实现数值波浪水池模拟。从网格尺寸、时间步长和离散格式等多个方面对规则波的数值衰减问题进行了分析研究。
(2)对影响船舶操纵的舵和螺旋桨进行了水动力数值研究。研究了不同展弦比,不同厚度比条件,不同雷诺数下,敞水舵的水动力性能的升力和阻力,并将数值模拟的结果与试验数据进行验证比较,吻合性较好,得到了不同舵角下舵周围的压力和速度分布,观察分析了舵周围流体的分离现象。以四叶螺旋桨KP458为研究对象,对螺旋桨水动力性能进行研究,得到了不同进速系数下的螺旋桨的推力系数和扭矩系数,绘制了敞水螺旋桨的水动力性能曲线。
(3)对船模直航和斜航试验的操纵运动进行了数值模拟。计算了带自由面的DTMB5415船模粘性流场,并将计算结果与试验值进行了比较。以KCS船型为研究对象,通过采用“叠模”模型和带自由面的VOF方法分别对船模直航运动进行了数值模拟,并将两者的计算结果分别与试验值进行了比较。通过计算不同航速下带自由面的KCS船模直航阻力,获得一系列相应的力和力矩等数据,采用最小二乘法线性拟合得到了KCS船模直航阻力水动力导数。将大连海事大学的实习船“育鲲”轮作为研究对象,进行了船模直航阻力的数值模拟,得到了相关的水动力导数。以KVLCC2M为研究对象,对船模斜航运动的粘性流场进行了数值模拟,得到了不同漂角下船舶的侧向水动力系数和首摇力矩系数,从而计算了相应的水动力导数。船模直航和斜航试验的数值模拟为航海模拟器中采用船舶CFD计算水动力导数奠定了基础,为船舶CFD实用化研究提供一种新的思路。
Chinese shipbuilding industry has grown at overwhelming pace to dominate the top global ranks till the year of2010. However, compared with the developed countries, Chinese shipbuilding industry still has a long way to go in improving shipbuilding science and core competitiveness.Therefore, the state council issued regulations on speeding up structural adjustment and promoting the transformation and upgrading of shipbuilding industries from2013to2015. The regulations indicate that it is very urgent to tackle key technology of ship and marine engineering and improve the scientific and technological innovation. Enhancing of the core competiveness will make Chinese shipbuilding industry stronger. Ship computational fluid dynamics technology is high-tech industries on application of ship and ocean engineering using CFD. In recent ten years, with the rapid development concerning high speed and large capacity of computer and numerical simulation. It is possible to solve ship maneuverability through CFD. The new method is different with traditional method which depends on experimental tank to estimate ship hydrodynamic performance. The numerical tank will be used to study the ship maneuver motion together with the physical experimental tank.
The main work of the paper lies in:
(1) Numerical wave tank is established to perform the research in the field of ship maneuverability. The wave-generation methods of physical making-wave and pure numerical making-wave are employed to generate the numerical wave in the numerical wave tank respectively. The method of wave damping absorber is used to absorb the numerical wave in the numerical wave tank. The regular wave attenuation is analyzed on the aspect of mesh size, time step and discretization scheme.
(2) Hydrodynamic numerical research is made on the important equipments of ship maneuver, such as rudder and propeller. The numerical computation of lift coefficient and drag coefficient for3D rudder is performed at different aspect ratio and thickness ratio and Reynolds number. The numerical results are compared with experimental results, and a good agreement is demonstrated. The pressure and velocity fields are obtained under different rudder angles. At the same time, the separation phenomenon of the viscous flow around rudder is observed and analyzed. Take four blades propeller KP458as the subject of propeller research, the propeller thrust coefficients and torque coefficients is gained in different advance coefficients, and the curve of propeller hydrodynamic performance is drew.
(3) Hydrodynamic numerical research on ship direct motion and oblique motion is carried out. Viscous flow around DTMB514ship model with free surface is calculated, and the numerical results are compared with experimental results. The two methods are introduced to simulate the KCS model. The free surface is considered for the first method. The second method ignores the free surface, in other words, a mirror image which replaces the free surface is applied. The results with different methods are compared with experimental results respectively. Viscous flow around KCS model in different velocities is simulated, the force and moment are gained, and the hydrodynamic derivatives are calculated with the least-squares method. The motor vessel "YUKUN" which is the training vessel of Dalian Maritime University also is taken as the object to simulate the ship direct motion, and the hydrodynamic derivatives are calculated. KVLCC2M which is one of the standard ship form used in the comparative research is taken as the main object, and the numerical simulation of viscous flow around KVLCC2M ship model in oblique motion is carried out. The lateral force coefficients and yaw moment coefficients under different drift angles are calculated, and the hydrodynamic derivatives are gained. These hydrodynamic numerical results will be considered to use in marine simulator in the future, and it will be a good way for ship CFD practical research.
引文
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