胶东石英脉型和蚀变岩型金矿关系的成因矿物学研究
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摘要
胶东金矿集中区是我国重要的黄金生产基地。胶东主要金矿类型为石英脉型和蚀变岩型,其次为层间滑脱带型。目前从成因矿物学方面对胶东各类型金矿以及胶东东西部金矿的异同研究较少,本文对胶东各类型金矿及胶东东、西部进行了系统的对比研究。
黄铁矿化学成分标型之δFe-δS、(Fe+S)-As、δe/δS-As和Co-Ni-As体系以及石英Na-K-Al和(Na+K)-Al体系研究结果均表明胶东各类型金矿为显著的岩浆热液成因矿床,黄铁矿的杂质含量从大到小依次为蚀变岩型、层间滑脱带型、石英脉型。矿体位置指示元素(As+Sb+Ba+Ag+Hg)-(Au+Bi+Cu+Pb+Zn)-(Ti+Cr+Co+Ni)体系表明成矿深度从浅到深依次为层间滑脱带型、石英脉型、蚀变岩型金矿；并且胶东东部金矿的成矿环境较浅,而胶东西部金矿成矿较深。
黄铁矿、石英稀土元素表明还原性环境从强到弱依次为层间滑脱带型、蚀变岩型、石英脉型；胶东东、西部的还原性从强到弱依次为西部蚀变岩型、东部石英脉型、西部石英脉型。黄铁矿S同位素研究结果表明δ34S值变化从小到大依次为石英脉型金矿层间滑脱带型、蚀变岩型金矿,反映了石英脉型金矿处于氧化性最强的环境,层间滑脱带型次之,蚀变岩型金矿最弱；整体东部氧化性强,西部氧化性弱。硫同位素温度计研究表明：金翅岭(胶东西部)成矿温度高于邓格庄(胶东东部)。石英流体包裹体表明,研究显示成矿热液为中低温度,中等盐度流体,属于弱酸性、还原环境。整体上胶东西部石英脉型金矿均一温度(均值283.55℃)高于胶东东部石英脉型金矿成矿温度(230.52℃),层间滑脱带型均一温度最低(210.37℃)。层间滑脱带型的pH值更加偏中性环境,可能与较多大气降水混入有关,lgfo2最小,表明还原性强。
稳定同位素研究表明,各类型金矿床成矿热液主要源于岩浆和大气水,且岩浆主要来源于地壳,并混有少量地幔物质,成矿物质主要来自岩浆和赋矿围岩。
综上可知,胶东各类型金矿成矿还原性从强到弱依次为层间滑脱带型、蚀变岩型、石英脉型,石英脉型的氧化性环境最强。胶东东部成矿环境的氧化性强于西部。胶东各类型金矿成矿深度从深到浅依次为蚀变岩型、石英脉型、层间滑脱带型。胶东东部成矿深度浅于胶东西部。而且石英脉型、蚀变岩型和层间滑脱带型金矿的成因矿物学差异显著,可用于各类型金矿的判别。
The Jiaodong gold belt is an important gold production base in China. The gold deposits in Jiaodong are mainly divided into three types:quartz vein type, altered rock type and interlayer slippage type. At present, little studies have been carried on the similarities and differences of the different types gold deposits in Jiaodong and the similarities and differences of east and west of Jiaodong. This paper makes a systemtic contrast on the similarities and differences of gold deposits in Jiaodong region.
The studies of pyrite composition characteristics using δFe-δS,(Fe+S)-As,δFe/δS-As, Co-Ni-As and (As+Sb+Ba+Ag+Hg)-(Au+Bi+Cu+Pb+Zn)-(Ti+Cr+Co+Ni) systems and of quartz composition characteristics using Na-K-Al and (Na+K)-Al systems consistently showed that gold deposits in Jiaodong are magmatic-hydrothermal genetic type and also showed that the order of pyrite impurity content from big to small are altered rock type, interlayer slippage type, and quartz vein type. The (As+Sb+Ba+Ag+Hg)-(Au+Bi+Cu+Pb+Zn)-(Ti+Cr+Co+Ni) systems of pyrite composition characteristics showed that ore-forming depths got deeper from interlayer slippage type to quartz vein type to altered rock type. East was with shallower ore-forming environment than west in Jiaodong region.
The results of rare elements characteristics in pyrite and quartz showed that ore-forming environment of reduction got weaker from interlayer slippage type to altered rock type to quartz vein type. The ore-forming environment of reduction got weaker from western alter rock type to eastern quartz vein type to western quartz vein type.
The results of pyrite S isotope characteristics showed that the δ34S values got bigger from quartz vein type to interlayer slippage type to altered rock type. This reflected that the ore-forming environment of oxidizing got weaker from quartz vein type to interlayer slippage type to altered rock type. As a whole, east was with stronger oxidizing environment than west in Jiaodong region. The S isotope thermometer showed that the ore-forming temperature of Jinchiling gold deposit (west in Jiaodong) was higher than that of Denaggezhuang gold deposit (east in Jiaodong). The studies of quartz fluid inclusions showed that or-forming fluid was middle-low temperature, middle salinity fluid belonging to weak acid and reducing environment. The average values of homogeneous temperature got lower from western quartz vein type (283.55℃) to eastern quartz vein type (230.52℃) to interlayer slippage type (210.37℃). The pH values of interlayer slippage type got much closer to neutral for the more precipitation mixed. The lgfo2of interlayer slippage type was the smallest for the strongest ore-forming environment of reduction.
The results of stable isotope showed that the hydrothermal ore forming solution mainly came from magmatic fluid and atmospheric water, and magma with major crust and minor mantle substances.The metallogenic materals mainly came from the magma and the host wallrock.
In a conclusion, ore-forming environment of reduction got weaker from interlayer slippage type to altered rock type to quartz vein type. East was with stronger oxidizing environment and deeper depths than west in Jiaodong region. The genetic mineralogy characteristics among interlayer slippage type to altered rock type to quartz vein type were much different and could be used to distinguish each type gold deposits.
黄铁矿化学成分标型之δFe-δS、(Fe+S)-As、δe/δS-As和Co-Ni-As体系以及石英Na-K-Al和(Na+K)-Al体系研究结果均表明胶东各类型金矿为显著的岩浆热液成因矿床,黄铁矿的杂质含量从大到小依次为蚀变岩型、层间滑脱带型、石英脉型。矿体位置指示元素(As+Sb+Ba+Ag+Hg)-(Au+Bi+Cu+Pb+Zn)-(Ti+Cr+Co+Ni)体系表明成矿深度从浅到深依次为层间滑脱带型、石英脉型、蚀变岩型金矿；并且胶东东部金矿的成矿环境较浅,而胶东西部金矿成矿较深。
黄铁矿、石英稀土元素表明还原性环境从强到弱依次为层间滑脱带型、蚀变岩型、石英脉型；胶东东、西部的还原性从强到弱依次为西部蚀变岩型、东部石英脉型、西部石英脉型。黄铁矿S同位素研究结果表明δ34S值变化从小到大依次为石英脉型金矿层间滑脱带型、蚀变岩型金矿,反映了石英脉型金矿处于氧化性最强的环境,层间滑脱带型次之,蚀变岩型金矿最弱；整体东部氧化性强,西部氧化性弱。硫同位素温度计研究表明：金翅岭(胶东西部)成矿温度高于邓格庄(胶东东部)。石英流体包裹体表明,研究显示成矿热液为中低温度,中等盐度流体,属于弱酸性、还原环境。整体上胶东西部石英脉型金矿均一温度(均值283.55℃)高于胶东东部石英脉型金矿成矿温度(230.52℃),层间滑脱带型均一温度最低(210.37℃)。层间滑脱带型的pH值更加偏中性环境,可能与较多大气降水混入有关,lgfo2最小,表明还原性强。
稳定同位素研究表明,各类型金矿床成矿热液主要源于岩浆和大气水,且岩浆主要来源于地壳,并混有少量地幔物质,成矿物质主要来自岩浆和赋矿围岩。
综上可知,胶东各类型金矿成矿还原性从强到弱依次为层间滑脱带型、蚀变岩型、石英脉型,石英脉型的氧化性环境最强。胶东东部成矿环境的氧化性强于西部。胶东各类型金矿成矿深度从深到浅依次为蚀变岩型、石英脉型、层间滑脱带型。胶东东部成矿深度浅于胶东西部。而且石英脉型、蚀变岩型和层间滑脱带型金矿的成因矿物学差异显著,可用于各类型金矿的判别。
The Jiaodong gold belt is an important gold production base in China. The gold deposits in Jiaodong are mainly divided into three types:quartz vein type, altered rock type and interlayer slippage type. At present, little studies have been carried on the similarities and differences of the different types gold deposits in Jiaodong and the similarities and differences of east and west of Jiaodong. This paper makes a systemtic contrast on the similarities and differences of gold deposits in Jiaodong region.
The studies of pyrite composition characteristics using δFe-δS,(Fe+S)-As,δFe/δS-As, Co-Ni-As and (As+Sb+Ba+Ag+Hg)-(Au+Bi+Cu+Pb+Zn)-(Ti+Cr+Co+Ni) systems and of quartz composition characteristics using Na-K-Al and (Na+K)-Al systems consistently showed that gold deposits in Jiaodong are magmatic-hydrothermal genetic type and also showed that the order of pyrite impurity content from big to small are altered rock type, interlayer slippage type, and quartz vein type. The (As+Sb+Ba+Ag+Hg)-(Au+Bi+Cu+Pb+Zn)-(Ti+Cr+Co+Ni) systems of pyrite composition characteristics showed that ore-forming depths got deeper from interlayer slippage type to quartz vein type to altered rock type. East was with shallower ore-forming environment than west in Jiaodong region.
The results of rare elements characteristics in pyrite and quartz showed that ore-forming environment of reduction got weaker from interlayer slippage type to altered rock type to quartz vein type. The ore-forming environment of reduction got weaker from western alter rock type to eastern quartz vein type to western quartz vein type.
The results of pyrite S isotope characteristics showed that the δ34S values got bigger from quartz vein type to interlayer slippage type to altered rock type. This reflected that the ore-forming environment of oxidizing got weaker from quartz vein type to interlayer slippage type to altered rock type. As a whole, east was with stronger oxidizing environment than west in Jiaodong region. The S isotope thermometer showed that the ore-forming temperature of Jinchiling gold deposit (west in Jiaodong) was higher than that of Denaggezhuang gold deposit (east in Jiaodong). The studies of quartz fluid inclusions showed that or-forming fluid was middle-low temperature, middle salinity fluid belonging to weak acid and reducing environment. The average values of homogeneous temperature got lower from western quartz vein type (283.55℃) to eastern quartz vein type (230.52℃) to interlayer slippage type (210.37℃). The pH values of interlayer slippage type got much closer to neutral for the more precipitation mixed. The lgfo2of interlayer slippage type was the smallest for the strongest ore-forming environment of reduction.
The results of stable isotope showed that the hydrothermal ore forming solution mainly came from magmatic fluid and atmospheric water, and magma with major crust and minor mantle substances.The metallogenic materals mainly came from the magma and the host wallrock.
In a conclusion, ore-forming environment of reduction got weaker from interlayer slippage type to altered rock type to quartz vein type. East was with stronger oxidizing environment and deeper depths than west in Jiaodong region. The genetic mineralogy characteristics among interlayer slippage type to altered rock type to quartz vein type were much different and could be used to distinguish each type gold deposits.
引文
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