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基于多源数据复合分析的作物遥感识别方法研究
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摘要
作物遥感识别是农情遥感监测的关键。本文通过对国内外运行化农情遥感监测方法的分析。设计并建立了农情遥感监测背景数据库,研究了多时相、多源数据复合分析方法,开发了作物遥感识别运行化技术体系。通过对黄淮海区试验,结果表明,该方法可以显著提高作物遥感识别精确度,改进工作效果,提高工作效率,适用于农业部的农情遥感监测运行系统。
     本项研究建立的以作物遥感识别为主要目标的全面、系统的海量数据库,分为空间数据库和属性数据库两部分。空间数据包括多时相遥感(RS)影像、地理基础和专题地图、基于GPS的田间作业数据等,属性数据包括农业统计、地面监测数据等。以系统管理为核心功能,以数据采集、编辑、检索等为扩展功能的数据库可为运行化作物遥感识别提供强大的工作平台和快速、全面、可靠的数据支持。本项研究设计的空间数据库和属性数据库设计规范是背景数据库设计的核心,具有普遍意义。
     本项研究筛选出了构成运行化作物遥感识别技术体系的一系列数据复合分析方法,包括GPS、GIS数据以及其它田间作业信息与RS数据之间的复合,确立解译标志和划分作业区;RS数据之间的复合,进行图像增强,改善非监督分类效果;GIS数据之间的复合,分析作业区作物结构、物候和耕作制度现状,地图拼接、特征提取等。
     本项研究首次提出应用于作物遥感识别的田间作业方法及其技术规程。该方法系统、全面的规范了田间作业准备、田间作业过程及田间作业数据处理等各个环节的操作,使整个田间工作系统化、标准化,节约时间、经费。
     小地物问题是作物识别的精确度问题。消除由小地物引起的作物识别误差是作物面积遥感估算中须解决的问题。本文首次提出了解决小地物问题的“双重抽样”方案,可以提高运行系统的精确度。
It is essential to discriminate crops in monitoring crop condition using RS(Remote Sensing). A background database for monitoring crop condition is designed and set up through analyzing operating methods of monitoring crop condition from China and other countries. Combination analyzing method of multi-temporal images and multi-source data is studied in this paper. ,A operating method system for crop discrimination is developed using this method to recognize the crops in Huang huai Hai region as a case study, it can improve the result of crop discrimination, advancing work efficiency, which is used to crop condition monitoring system of Ministry of Agriculture.
    The background database containing RS,GIS,GPS,statistical and ground truth data is classified to spatial database and attribute database. Management function of the background database is important to other functions such as data gathering, data searching etc. The background database offers powerful working platform and reliable data collected rapidly. The regulations enacted in this study for designing the spatial and attribute database are fundamental to found the background database, which are useful for other application in designing database.
    A series methods of data combination analyzing are selected to form the operating method system for crop discrimination. Combining GIS, GPS, and other data from field work with RS data can determine interpretation features and set off working regions, combining RS data can enhance spatial features in order to do unsupervised classification efficiently, union of GIS data enable us to join maps and extract features, to analyze crop structure ,crop calendar, cultivating system.
    The methods and rules in field working first normanized by this study for crop discrimination using RS enable field working to run economically.
    The small features in crop fields are related to the precision level of crop discrimination using RS. Eliminating the discrimination errors from small features is crucial in estimating area results using RS. A double sampling method is first suggested in this paper in order to solve the problem. The first step is to do a small features sampling in samples using GPS measurements and the total crop area is estimated using the more accurate samples.
引文
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