基于SVC和STATCOM的风电场无功补偿研究
摘要
通过在MATLAB/Simulink下仿真分析了异步风力发电机组的稳态特性和暂态特性得出异步风力发电机在向电网输出有功功率的同时,还必须从电网吸收滞后性的无功功率,无功吸取如果不经过补偿直接并网,不仅对电网形成污染,妨碍有功功率的输出,而且还会造成线损增加,电网稳定性降低等问题。异步发电机在电网短路故障结束后吸收大量无功功率,会恶化电网无功状况,扩大无功缺额,使整个区域电网电压水平降低,甚至会诱发电压失稳乃至电压崩溃,提出在风电场中安装动态无功补偿装置的必要性。
本论文在MATLAB/Simulink/Powersystem下建立动态无功补偿装置SVC、STATCOM的控制器模型,确定其参数,通过含风电场的算例仿真分析比较了SVC和STATCOM的动态无功补偿效果,结果表明SVC和STATCOM均能改善异步机风电场的暂态电压稳定性,确保风电机组连续运行及电网安全稳定。但SVC的补偿效果受电压的影响较大,由于SVC装置的工作原理,补偿能力受机端电压影响比较大,在外部电网电压偏低时,补偿效果相对于额定电压时有所下降。而STATCOM与现有的静止无功补偿装置(SVC)相比,具有调节速度更快、运行范围更宽、吸收无功连续、谐波电流小、损耗低、所用电抗器和电容器容量及安装面积大为降低等优点。
By the simulation of the steady characteristic and temporal characteristic of asynchronous wind-turbine generator in MATLAB/Simulink soft , as a result ,it will absorb hysteretic reactive power when it provide active power to the powersystem .If the asynchronous wind-turbine generator directly combine with the powersystem ,it may pollute the powerline, impede the output of the active power,increase the line loss, and reduce the stability of powersystem. Asynchronous wind-turbine generator absorb plenty of reactive power after short circuit fault ,this can worsen the reactive power status of powerline, broaden the shortage of reactive power,reduce the area voltage ,and also it can lost the stability of voltage or lead to breaddown of the voltage .
The study set up the controller model of SVC and STATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink/Powersystem, and confirm the parameter. By the simulation of the example include wind-power plant, it results that both SVC and STATCOM can improve the temporal stability of voltage , insure the wind-turbine generator run continuously and powersystem work safely.But the voltage affected greatly of the SVC compensate effect. Because the operational principle of SVC, the compensate effect may recuced when the voltage of the wind-turbine generator decreased.compare with the rated voltage. But STATCOM has many excellent characteristic than SVC, such as adjusted speed is more quickly , run region is more extent, absorbed reactive power continuously, harmonic wave current and powerloss is smaller. Capacity and install area of Capacitance and reactor are reduced greatly.
本论文在MATLAB/Simulink/Powersystem下建立动态无功补偿装置SVC、STATCOM的控制器模型,确定其参数,通过含风电场的算例仿真分析比较了SVC和STATCOM的动态无功补偿效果,结果表明SVC和STATCOM均能改善异步机风电场的暂态电压稳定性,确保风电机组连续运行及电网安全稳定。但SVC的补偿效果受电压的影响较大,由于SVC装置的工作原理,补偿能力受机端电压影响比较大,在外部电网电压偏低时,补偿效果相对于额定电压时有所下降。而STATCOM与现有的静止无功补偿装置(SVC)相比,具有调节速度更快、运行范围更宽、吸收无功连续、谐波电流小、损耗低、所用电抗器和电容器容量及安装面积大为降低等优点。
By the simulation of the steady characteristic and temporal characteristic of asynchronous wind-turbine generator in MATLAB/Simulink soft , as a result ,it will absorb hysteretic reactive power when it provide active power to the powersystem .If the asynchronous wind-turbine generator directly combine with the powersystem ,it may pollute the powerline, impede the output of the active power,increase the line loss, and reduce the stability of powersystem. Asynchronous wind-turbine generator absorb plenty of reactive power after short circuit fault ,this can worsen the reactive power status of powerline, broaden the shortage of reactive power,reduce the area voltage ,and also it can lost the stability of voltage or lead to breaddown of the voltage .
The study set up the controller model of SVC and STATCOM in MATLAB/Simulink/Powersystem, and confirm the parameter. By the simulation of the example include wind-power plant, it results that both SVC and STATCOM can improve the temporal stability of voltage , insure the wind-turbine generator run continuously and powersystem work safely.But the voltage affected greatly of the SVC compensate effect. Because the operational principle of SVC, the compensate effect may recuced when the voltage of the wind-turbine generator decreased.compare with the rated voltage. But STATCOM has many excellent characteristic than SVC, such as adjusted speed is more quickly , run region is more extent, absorbed reactive power continuously, harmonic wave current and powerloss is smaller. Capacity and install area of Capacitance and reactor are reduced greatly.
引文
[1]王承煦,张源.风力发电.北京:中国电力出版社,2003.
[2]5M Proven Technology in New Dimensions.http://www.repower.de.
[3]BTM Consult Aps.World Market Update 2005,Forecast 2006-2010.2006.03.
[4]薛桁,朱瑞兆.中国风能资源贮量估算.太阳能学报,2001,22(2):25-28.
[5]施鹏飞.2005年中国风电场装机容量统计.http://www.cwea.org.cn.
[6]史立山.中国能源和可再生能源发展状况.可再生能源立法高级研讨会.2004.
[7]Specifications for Connecting Wind Farms to the Transmission Networks, Second Edition.Eltra,Fredericia,Denmark,2002.
[8] Tripathy S C , Kalanter M , Balasubramanian R. Dy2namics and Stability of Wind and Diesel Turbine Generators with Superconducting Magnetic Energy StorageUnit on An Isolated Power System[J ]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 1991. 6(4) .
[9] Mairaj2ud2din , Mufti R , Balasubramanian. Simultaneous frequency and voltage control of wind-disel powersystems using energy storage[J ]. International Journal of Energy Research , 1998 , 22:(3) :221~235.
[10] Tripathy S C. Dynamic simulation of hybrid wind diesel power generation system with superconducting magnetic energy storage[J ]. Energy Conversion and Management. 1997, 38(9): 919-930.
[11] Mariea L.Crow, LingLi Zhang. An improved STATCOM model for power flow analysis[J].IEEE,0-7803-6420-1/00/2000:1121-1126.
[12]楚红波,梁小冰,谢若冰. STATCOM的动态数学模型[J ].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2006,31.
[13]孙元章,赵枚,黎雄等. STATCOM控制的电力系统稳定性分析[J ].电力系统自动化,2001,25(11):1-5.
[14]袁佳歆,陈柏超,万黎等. STATCOM优化控制的研究[J].高电压技术,2004,30(136):118-119.
[15]马国喜,李正国,罗安等.大功率STATCOM装置IGBT吸收电路参数的多目标优化设计[J].长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版)[J],2003,18(3):23-25.
[16]王仲鸿,姜其荣,沈东.关于新型静止无功发生器模型参数及暂态控制模型选择的讨论[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(24).
[17] Riso National Laboratory. Simulation of Interaction between Wind Farm and Power System[J]. Print: Pitney Bowes Management Services Denmark A/S, 2001.
[18] Rabbani M G, Devotta J B, Elangovan S. Application of simultaneous active and reactive power modulation of SMES unit under unequalα-mode for power system stabilization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999, 14(2):547-552.
[19]雷亚洲.与风电并网相关的研究课题[J].电力系统自动化, 2003, 27(8):84-89.
[20]陈雷,邢作霞,潘建,等.大型风力发电机组技术发展趋势[J].可再生能源, 2003, 1.
[21]姜齐荣,王强,韩英铎.新型静止无功发生器装置的建模及控制[J].清华大学学报,1997,37(7):21~25.
[22]王仲鸿,姜齐荣,沈东.关于新型静止无功发生器模型参数及暂态控制模型选择的讨论[J].电力系统自动化,1999, 23(24): 43~45.
[23] B.N.Singh, A.Chandra, K.Al-Haddad. DSP-based indirect-current-controlled STAT-COM, Part1: Evaluation of current control techniques[J]. IEE procelectr power Ap-pl, 2000, 147(2): 107~112.
[24] Luowei Zhou, Zicheng Li. A novel active power based on the least compensation currentcontrol method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2000, 15(4): 655~659.
[25]马晓军,姜齐荣,陈建业等.不对称系统的设计参数对STATCOM性能的影响[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000, 40(7): 23~26.
[26]刘文华,梁旭,姜齐荣等.采用GTO逆变器的±20Mvar STATCOM[J].电力系统自动化,2000(12):19-23.
[27]粟时平,刘桂英,刘承员.三相STATCOM的电流控制与谐波消除技术[J].长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),2001,16(2):50-53.
[28]李庚银,陈志业,丁巧林.用于有源滤波器的广义瞬时无功电流实时检测方法[J].电力系统自动化,1997,21(10):28-31.
[29]C.K.Sao,P.W.Lehn,M.R.Iravani and J.A.Martinez. A Bench mark System for Digital Time-DomainSimulation of a Pulse-Width-Modulated D-STATCOM[J]. IEEE Transaction onpowerdelivery,2002,17(4):1113-1120.
[30]P.Garcia-Gonzalez and A.Garcfa-Cerrada. Control system for a PWM-based STATCOM[J].IEEE,1999(5):1140-1145.
[31]逯帅,刘秀成,陈建业,王赞基.SVC平衡控制方法及其所需信号的检测[J].电工电能新技术,2002,22(2):17～20
[32]查世锦,查丛梅,王东升,基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的新型无功发生器的仿真模型[J].河南科学,2003,21(4):434～436.
[33]陆达,刘本国,权刚.静止型TCR无功补偿器的控制原理及其控制方法分析[J].电网技术,1997,21(3):25～31.
[34]范瑞祥,周腊吾,肖红霞.基于瞬时值的SVC无功及负序补偿算法[J].高压电器,2004,40(4):247-252.
[35]颜楠楠,张鹏翔.基于遗传算法的SVC非线性控制器参数优化[J].东北电力学院学报,2004,24(4):95-98.
[36]吴春芳.配电系统Statcom的参数辨识及控制策略研究[D].广东工业大学,2005.
[37]郭锐,刘国海.静止同步补偿器数学模型及其无功电流控制研究[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(1):21-24.
[38]吴文辉,刘会金.静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)技术的研究现状与发展[J].华东交通大学学报,2005,22(2):89-94.
[2]5M Proven Technology in New Dimensions.http://www.repower.de.
[3]BTM Consult Aps.World Market Update 2005,Forecast 2006-2010.2006.03.
[4]薛桁,朱瑞兆.中国风能资源贮量估算.太阳能学报,2001,22(2):25-28.
[5]施鹏飞.2005年中国风电场装机容量统计.http://www.cwea.org.cn.
[6]史立山.中国能源和可再生能源发展状况.可再生能源立法高级研讨会.2004.
[7]Specifications for Connecting Wind Farms to the Transmission Networks, Second Edition.Eltra,Fredericia,Denmark,2002.
[8] Tripathy S C , Kalanter M , Balasubramanian R. Dy2namics and Stability of Wind and Diesel Turbine Generators with Superconducting Magnetic Energy StorageUnit on An Isolated Power System[J ]. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 1991. 6(4) .
[9] Mairaj2ud2din , Mufti R , Balasubramanian. Simultaneous frequency and voltage control of wind-disel powersystems using energy storage[J ]. International Journal of Energy Research , 1998 , 22:(3) :221~235.
[10] Tripathy S C. Dynamic simulation of hybrid wind diesel power generation system with superconducting magnetic energy storage[J ]. Energy Conversion and Management. 1997, 38(9): 919-930.
[11] Mariea L.Crow, LingLi Zhang. An improved STATCOM model for power flow analysis[J].IEEE,0-7803-6420-1/00/2000:1121-1126.
[12]楚红波,梁小冰,谢若冰. STATCOM的动态数学模型[J ].广西大学学报(自然科学版),2006,31.
[13]孙元章,赵枚,黎雄等. STATCOM控制的电力系统稳定性分析[J ].电力系统自动化,2001,25(11):1-5.
[14]袁佳歆,陈柏超,万黎等. STATCOM优化控制的研究[J].高电压技术,2004,30(136):118-119.
[15]马国喜,李正国,罗安等.大功率STATCOM装置IGBT吸收电路参数的多目标优化设计[J].长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版)[J],2003,18(3):23-25.
[16]王仲鸿,姜其荣,沈东.关于新型静止无功发生器模型参数及暂态控制模型选择的讨论[J].电力系统自动化,1999,23(24).
[17] Riso National Laboratory. Simulation of Interaction between Wind Farm and Power System[J]. Print: Pitney Bowes Management Services Denmark A/S, 2001.
[18] Rabbani M G, Devotta J B, Elangovan S. Application of simultaneous active and reactive power modulation of SMES unit under unequalα-mode for power system stabilization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 1999, 14(2):547-552.
[19]雷亚洲.与风电并网相关的研究课题[J].电力系统自动化, 2003, 27(8):84-89.
[20]陈雷,邢作霞,潘建,等.大型风力发电机组技术发展趋势[J].可再生能源, 2003, 1.
[21]姜齐荣,王强,韩英铎.新型静止无功发生器装置的建模及控制[J].清华大学学报,1997,37(7):21~25.
[22]王仲鸿,姜齐荣,沈东.关于新型静止无功发生器模型参数及暂态控制模型选择的讨论[J].电力系统自动化,1999, 23(24): 43~45.
[23] B.N.Singh, A.Chandra, K.Al-Haddad. DSP-based indirect-current-controlled STAT-COM, Part1: Evaluation of current control techniques[J]. IEE procelectr power Ap-pl, 2000, 147(2): 107~112.
[24] Luowei Zhou, Zicheng Li. A novel active power based on the least compensation currentcontrol method[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2000, 15(4): 655~659.
[25]马晓军,姜齐荣,陈建业等.不对称系统的设计参数对STATCOM性能的影响[J].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2000, 40(7): 23~26.
[26]刘文华,梁旭,姜齐荣等.采用GTO逆变器的±20Mvar STATCOM[J].电力系统自动化,2000(12):19-23.
[27]粟时平,刘桂英,刘承员.三相STATCOM的电流控制与谐波消除技术[J].长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),2001,16(2):50-53.
[28]李庚银,陈志业,丁巧林.用于有源滤波器的广义瞬时无功电流实时检测方法[J].电力系统自动化,1997,21(10):28-31.
[29]C.K.Sao,P.W.Lehn,M.R.Iravani and J.A.Martinez. A Bench mark System for Digital Time-DomainSimulation of a Pulse-Width-Modulated D-STATCOM[J]. IEEE Transaction onpowerdelivery,2002,17(4):1113-1120.
[30]P.Garcia-Gonzalez and A.Garcfa-Cerrada. Control system for a PWM-based STATCOM[J].IEEE,1999(5):1140-1145.
[31]逯帅,刘秀成,陈建业,王赞基.SVC平衡控制方法及其所需信号的检测[J].电工电能新技术,2002,22(2):17～20
[32]查世锦,查丛梅,王东升,基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的新型无功发生器的仿真模型[J].河南科学,2003,21(4):434～436.
[33]陆达,刘本国,权刚.静止型TCR无功补偿器的控制原理及其控制方法分析[J].电网技术,1997,21(3):25～31.
[34]范瑞祥,周腊吾,肖红霞.基于瞬时值的SVC无功及负序补偿算法[J].高压电器,2004,40(4):247-252.
[35]颜楠楠,张鹏翔.基于遗传算法的SVC非线性控制器参数优化[J].东北电力学院学报,2004,24(4):95-98.
[36]吴春芳.配电系统Statcom的参数辨识及控制策略研究[D].广东工业大学,2005.
[37]郭锐,刘国海.静止同步补偿器数学模型及其无功电流控制研究[J].电力自动化设备,2006,26(1):21-24.
[38]吴文辉,刘会金.静止同步补偿器(STATCOM)技术的研究现状与发展[J].华东交通大学学报,2005,22(2):89-94.