技术融合对现代物流业发展的影响研究
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摘要
近年来,随着我国经济的大力发展和政府规制的放松,物流业取得了迅速的发展,从原来的运输业、仓储业和邮政业的三业分立,到现代物流业的兴盛,物流业完全改变了其技术落后和管理不科学的地位。同时,我国政府也越来越重视物流业的发展,并在2009年3月份出台了《物流业调整和振兴规划》,从国家层面提出,要把提高物流信息化水平作为当前发展现代物流业的一项主要任务。然而与发达国家的物流业相比,我们国家的物流水平还处于较低的水平,如何能更好地促进物流业的发展,这是一个急需解决的问题。
在物流业的发展中,很多因素都影响和制约着其发展,其中技术因素是一个关键因素。从传统物流业到现代物流业的发展中,技术融合对物流业的发展起到了极其重要的推动作用,没有技术融合也就没有产业融合,从而也就没有现代物流业。本文试图揭示技术融合是如何影响物流业发展的,从而找出促进物流业更好发展的办法。
本文首先分析了技术融合产生的决定性因素,指出在技术融合的发展过程中,技术创新和技术扩散、企业因素和政府规制对其有重要的制约作用。其次分析了技术融合影响现代物流业发展的路径,指出技术融合先实现了现代物流业的技术升级,当现代物流业的技术升级以后,企业出于逐利的要求和竞争的压力,都会对原来的服务进行升级和创新。在新的服务出现以后,它会吸引更多的消费者加入这些服务,从而实现了市场范围的扩张。第三,本文根据技术融合对现代物流业影响的路径分析,把技术融合对现代物流业发展的效用分解为物流业技术水平的提升、服务的创新和市场规模的扩大。
宝供物流公司是我国物流企业中的一个典型,其发展的历程可以看作是物流业发展的一个缩影。本文通过对宝供物流公司信息化建设的详尽分析,进一步验证了技术融合对现代物流业影响的路径和效用。
In recent years, along with our country economy developing and relaxation of government regulation, logistics industry had gotten extremely quickly development, from the original separation of transportation, storage & postal services to the flourish of modern logistics, logistics industry completely changed its technique content are low, the technical level is backward and the management is unscientific. Meanwhile, our government had paid more and more attention to it, and unveiled the policy of "The Adjust and Revitalization Plan of Logistics Industry" in March 2009. And it referred that the important task is to improve the level of logistics informatization at present. But compared with the developed countries, our country's logistics level is at a lower level, how to better promote the development of logistics industry is a urgent problem.
In the development of logistics industry, many factors influence and restrict the development, of which the technical factors is a key factor.In the development of logistics industry, from traditional to modern, technology integration plays a very important role. No technology integration, no industry convergence, and also no modern logistics. This paper tried to reveal how the technology integration influence the development of logistics industry, and so can find some methods to encourage the development.
This paper first analyzed the crucial factors that technology integration produced, and pointed out that in the process of the development of technology integration, technology innovation and technology diffusion, enterprise factor and government regulation are extremely important. Secondly, the paper analyzed path that technology integration influence modern logistics, and pointed out technology integration first realized the modern logistics technology upgrading, when modern logistics technology upgrading have been finished, enterprises for profit and the pressure of competition, will upgrade the original service or innovate service. After the new services appearing, they will attract more customers joining in these services, so the market scale is ectatic. Third, based on the path that technology integration influence modern logistics, the utility of technology integration on modern logistics can be decomposed into ascent of logistics technical level, service innovation and expansion of market scale.
P.G.LOGISTICS is one of the typical Chinese logistics enterprises, its development process can be regarded as an epitome of the development of logistics industry. Based on analyzing P.G.LOGISTICS's informatization construction in detail, the paper further verified the path and utility of technology integration on modern logistics by example.
在物流业的发展中,很多因素都影响和制约着其发展,其中技术因素是一个关键因素。从传统物流业到现代物流业的发展中,技术融合对物流业的发展起到了极其重要的推动作用,没有技术融合也就没有产业融合,从而也就没有现代物流业。本文试图揭示技术融合是如何影响物流业发展的,从而找出促进物流业更好发展的办法。
本文首先分析了技术融合产生的决定性因素,指出在技术融合的发展过程中,技术创新和技术扩散、企业因素和政府规制对其有重要的制约作用。其次分析了技术融合影响现代物流业发展的路径,指出技术融合先实现了现代物流业的技术升级,当现代物流业的技术升级以后,企业出于逐利的要求和竞争的压力,都会对原来的服务进行升级和创新。在新的服务出现以后,它会吸引更多的消费者加入这些服务,从而实现了市场范围的扩张。第三,本文根据技术融合对现代物流业影响的路径分析,把技术融合对现代物流业发展的效用分解为物流业技术水平的提升、服务的创新和市场规模的扩大。
宝供物流公司是我国物流企业中的一个典型,其发展的历程可以看作是物流业发展的一个缩影。本文通过对宝供物流公司信息化建设的详尽分析,进一步验证了技术融合对现代物流业影响的路径和效用。
In recent years, along with our country economy developing and relaxation of government regulation, logistics industry had gotten extremely quickly development, from the original separation of transportation, storage & postal services to the flourish of modern logistics, logistics industry completely changed its technique content are low, the technical level is backward and the management is unscientific. Meanwhile, our government had paid more and more attention to it, and unveiled the policy of "The Adjust and Revitalization Plan of Logistics Industry" in March 2009. And it referred that the important task is to improve the level of logistics informatization at present. But compared with the developed countries, our country's logistics level is at a lower level, how to better promote the development of logistics industry is a urgent problem.
In the development of logistics industry, many factors influence and restrict the development, of which the technical factors is a key factor.In the development of logistics industry, from traditional to modern, technology integration plays a very important role. No technology integration, no industry convergence, and also no modern logistics. This paper tried to reveal how the technology integration influence the development of logistics industry, and so can find some methods to encourage the development.
This paper first analyzed the crucial factors that technology integration produced, and pointed out that in the process of the development of technology integration, technology innovation and technology diffusion, enterprise factor and government regulation are extremely important. Secondly, the paper analyzed path that technology integration influence modern logistics, and pointed out technology integration first realized the modern logistics technology upgrading, when modern logistics technology upgrading have been finished, enterprises for profit and the pressure of competition, will upgrade the original service or innovate service. After the new services appearing, they will attract more customers joining in these services, so the market scale is ectatic. Third, based on the path that technology integration influence modern logistics, the utility of technology integration on modern logistics can be decomposed into ascent of logistics technical level, service innovation and expansion of market scale.
P.G.LOGISTICS is one of the typical Chinese logistics enterprises, its development process can be regarded as an epitome of the development of logistics industry. Based on analyzing P.G.LOGISTICS's informatization construction in detail, the paper further verified the path and utility of technology integration on modern logistics by example.
引文
[1]陈柳钦,叶民英.技术创新和技术融合是产业融合的催化剂[J].湖湘论坛,2007(6)：40-42.
[2]谢雨蓉.改革30年_我国物流业发展的回顾与总结[J].综合运输,2008(10)：14-18.
[3]沈桂龙.产业融合及其对产业组织的影响[J].上海经济研究,2008(8)：38-43.
[4]詹浩勇.产业融合的涵义及其理论研究[J].广西工学院学报,2005(2)：3-6.
[5]丁俊发.中国物流业发展三十年[J].中外物流,2008(7)：22-24.
[6]夏春玉.现代物流概论[M].北京：首都经济贸易大学出版社,2004.
[7]Mark Goh, Argus Ang. Some Logisties Realities in Indoehina[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution&Logisties Management,2000(10):886-911.
[8]陈柳钦.技术融合是产业融合的前提[J].中国科技投资,2007(5)：50-51.
[9]Fang Wu, Sengun Yeniyurt, Daekwan Kim,S. Tamer Cavusgil.The impact of information technology on supply chain capabilities and firm performance:A resource-based view[J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2006(35):493-504.
[10]Athakorn Kengpol,Markku Tuominen. A framework for group decision support systems: An application in the evaluation of information technology for logistics firms[J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2006(101):159-171.
[11]汉斯.克利斯蒂安.波费尔.物流前沿[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[12]倪志伟.现代物流技术[M].北京：中国物资出版社,2006.
[13]吴慧聪.中国物流行业的发展战略分析[D].厦门：厦门大学工商管理,2007.
[14]邹恒荣.发展现代物流业总部经济研究[D].西安：长安大学物流工程与管理,2009.
[15]Forrester JW. Industrial Dynamies[M]. Cambridge. Mass:The MIT Press,1961.
[16]Lind J. Convergence:History of Term Usage and Lessons for Firm Strategies[R]. Stochholm School of Economics, Center for Information and Communications Research, 2004.
[17]Jorgen Randers. From Limit to Growth to Sustainable DeveloPment or SD(Sustainable DeveloPment)in a SD(System Dynamics)Perspective[J]. System Dynamics Review, 2000(03):213-224.
[18]陆江.积极推动现代物流业优化升级[J].宏观经济管理,2009(2)：56-58.
[19]唐忆文.全面构筑一体化物流体系--上海现代物流产业发展研究[J].上海经济研究,2007(9)：68-72.
[20]喻学东,苗建军.技术融合推动产业结构升级的机理研究[J].科技与管理,2010(2)：108-110.
[21]王晓东.发展我国现代物流产业的问题研究[J].管理观察,2009(2)：16-17.
[22]陈百发.计算机网络技术在现代物流中的应用[J].电子商务,2009(9)：72-73.
[23]于汶艳.论传统储运向现代物流转化[J].物流工程与管理,2009(10)：19-20.
[24]贾晶.我国物流业分层及发展策略研究[D].上海：上海海事大学产业经济学,2007.
[25]Ina Drejer. Identifying innovation in surveys of services:a Schumpeterian perspective[J]. Research Policy,2004(33):551-562.
[26]邢华.物流业网络融合的三种模式与创新[J].经济管理,2008(6)：61-67.
[27]李守林,赵皎云.物流业新趋势与技术发展方向[J].物流技术与应用,2009(12)：57-62.
[28]王丹.现代物流技术及应用[J].市场周刊,2009(6)：38-41.
[29]李国芹.中国物流业如何迈向现代化[J].物流管理,2008(8)：27-28.
[30]张勋.GPS在现代物流运输管理中的应用[J].科技广场,2009(9)：243-244.
[31]陈子侠,彭建良.物流技术与物流装备[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2010.
[32]秦天保.现代物流信息系统：技术、应用与建设[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,2010.
[33]董雷,刘凯.RFID技术在现代物流中的应用与实施研究[J].物流科技,2010(1)：58-60.
[34]龚雅云.第三方物流的优劣势分析[J].中国商贸,2009(7)：111-113.
[35]曹亚克.第三方物流与第四方物流发展的比较分析[J].中国流通经济,2009(10)：24-26.
[36]黄大喜.电子商务环境下现代物流模式探讨[J].电子商务,2009(8)：34-35.
[37]张学高,王汉平.电子商务与现代物流的协同发展探析[J].中国管理信息化,2009(2)：98-100.
[38]张胜英.快递业服务创新途径探析[J].当代经济,2010(6)：62-63.
[39]黄锋.企业依托第三方物流发展的利与弊[J].经济师,2008(1)：195-196.
[40]李刚.我国快递业发展趋势分析[J].物流工程与管理,2010(4)：5-7.
[41]Raphael Amit, Christoph Zott. Value Creation in E-business[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2001(22):17-19.
[42]Lewis, Ira and Alexander Talalayevsky. Third-party Logistics:Leveraging Information Technology[J]. Jounral of Business Logistics,2000(2):173-185.
[43]毕新华,顾穗珊.现代物流管理[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[44]肖生苓.现代物流装备[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[45]邹俊舟,沃尔玛物流运作的案例研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学工商管理,2007.
[46]张宏斌.第三方物流企业发展的经济学分析[J].中国制度变迁的案例研究,2008(11)：453-483.
[47]王自亮.日本现代物流业发展的特点及其启示[J].商业经济与管理,2003(8)：13-17.
[48]汪鸣,冯浩.我国现代物流业发展政策及建议[J].宏观经济研究,2002(5)：55-59.
[49]扈春香.技术融合与企业管理的交融发展[J].边疆经济与文化,2008(12)：39-40.
[50]王晓东.发展我国现代物流产业的问题研究[J].管理观察,2009(2)：129-130.
[2]谢雨蓉.改革30年_我国物流业发展的回顾与总结[J].综合运输,2008(10)：14-18.
[3]沈桂龙.产业融合及其对产业组织的影响[J].上海经济研究,2008(8)：38-43.
[4]詹浩勇.产业融合的涵义及其理论研究[J].广西工学院学报,2005(2)：3-6.
[5]丁俊发.中国物流业发展三十年[J].中外物流,2008(7)：22-24.
[6]夏春玉.现代物流概论[M].北京：首都经济贸易大学出版社,2004.
[7]Mark Goh, Argus Ang. Some Logisties Realities in Indoehina[J]. International Journal of Physical Distribution&Logisties Management,2000(10):886-911.
[8]陈柳钦.技术融合是产业融合的前提[J].中国科技投资,2007(5)：50-51.
[9]Fang Wu, Sengun Yeniyurt, Daekwan Kim,S. Tamer Cavusgil.The impact of information technology on supply chain capabilities and firm performance:A resource-based view[J]. Industrial Marketing Management,2006(35):493-504.
[10]Athakorn Kengpol,Markku Tuominen. A framework for group decision support systems: An application in the evaluation of information technology for logistics firms[J]. International Journal of Production Economics,2006(101):159-171.
[11]汉斯.克利斯蒂安.波费尔.物流前沿[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[12]倪志伟.现代物流技术[M].北京：中国物资出版社,2006.
[13]吴慧聪.中国物流行业的发展战略分析[D].厦门：厦门大学工商管理,2007.
[14]邹恒荣.发展现代物流业总部经济研究[D].西安：长安大学物流工程与管理,2009.
[15]Forrester JW. Industrial Dynamies[M]. Cambridge. Mass:The MIT Press,1961.
[16]Lind J. Convergence:History of Term Usage and Lessons for Firm Strategies[R]. Stochholm School of Economics, Center for Information and Communications Research, 2004.
[17]Jorgen Randers. From Limit to Growth to Sustainable DeveloPment or SD(Sustainable DeveloPment)in a SD(System Dynamics)Perspective[J]. System Dynamics Review, 2000(03):213-224.
[18]陆江.积极推动现代物流业优化升级[J].宏观经济管理,2009(2)：56-58.
[19]唐忆文.全面构筑一体化物流体系--上海现代物流产业发展研究[J].上海经济研究,2007(9)：68-72.
[20]喻学东,苗建军.技术融合推动产业结构升级的机理研究[J].科技与管理,2010(2)：108-110.
[21]王晓东.发展我国现代物流产业的问题研究[J].管理观察,2009(2)：16-17.
[22]陈百发.计算机网络技术在现代物流中的应用[J].电子商务,2009(9)：72-73.
[23]于汶艳.论传统储运向现代物流转化[J].物流工程与管理,2009(10)：19-20.
[24]贾晶.我国物流业分层及发展策略研究[D].上海：上海海事大学产业经济学,2007.
[25]Ina Drejer. Identifying innovation in surveys of services:a Schumpeterian perspective[J]. Research Policy,2004(33):551-562.
[26]邢华.物流业网络融合的三种模式与创新[J].经济管理,2008(6)：61-67.
[27]李守林,赵皎云.物流业新趋势与技术发展方向[J].物流技术与应用,2009(12)：57-62.
[28]王丹.现代物流技术及应用[J].市场周刊,2009(6)：38-41.
[29]李国芹.中国物流业如何迈向现代化[J].物流管理,2008(8)：27-28.
[30]张勋.GPS在现代物流运输管理中的应用[J].科技广场,2009(9)：243-244.
[31]陈子侠,彭建良.物流技术与物流装备[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,2010.
[32]秦天保.现代物流信息系统：技术、应用与建设[M].上海：上海交通大学出版社,2010.
[33]董雷,刘凯.RFID技术在现代物流中的应用与实施研究[J].物流科技,2010(1)：58-60.
[34]龚雅云.第三方物流的优劣势分析[J].中国商贸,2009(7)：111-113.
[35]曹亚克.第三方物流与第四方物流发展的比较分析[J].中国流通经济,2009(10)：24-26.
[36]黄大喜.电子商务环境下现代物流模式探讨[J].电子商务,2009(8)：34-35.
[37]张学高,王汉平.电子商务与现代物流的协同发展探析[J].中国管理信息化,2009(2)：98-100.
[38]张胜英.快递业服务创新途径探析[J].当代经济,2010(6)：62-63.
[39]黄锋.企业依托第三方物流发展的利与弊[J].经济师,2008(1)：195-196.
[40]李刚.我国快递业发展趋势分析[J].物流工程与管理,2010(4)：5-7.
[41]Raphael Amit, Christoph Zott. Value Creation in E-business[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2001(22):17-19.
[42]Lewis, Ira and Alexander Talalayevsky. Third-party Logistics:Leveraging Information Technology[J]. Jounral of Business Logistics,2000(2):173-185.
[43]毕新华,顾穗珊.现代物流管理[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[44]肖生苓.现代物流装备[M].北京：科学出版社,2009.
[45]邹俊舟,沃尔玛物流运作的案例研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学工商管理,2007.
[46]张宏斌.第三方物流企业发展的经济学分析[J].中国制度变迁的案例研究,2008(11)：453-483.
[47]王自亮.日本现代物流业发展的特点及其启示[J].商业经济与管理,2003(8)：13-17.
[48]汪鸣,冯浩.我国现代物流业发展政策及建议[J].宏观经济研究,2002(5)：55-59.
[49]扈春香.技术融合与企业管理的交融发展[J].边疆经济与文化,2008(12)：39-40.
[50]王晓东.发展我国现代物流产业的问题研究[J].管理观察,2009(2)：129-130.