面向工程建设项目业主决策的交易费用相关问题研究
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摘要
工程建设项目是国家实现固定资产投资的载体,是建筑业的微观表现形式,同时也是调整产品结构和产业结构的重要渠道。其建设目标能否顺利实现,既是发挥工程建设项目投资的经济效益和社会效益、促进国民经济增长的关键,也是维护国家经济长期繁荣稳定的关键。交易模式是工程建设项目投资者进行工程建设项目建设决策的首要环节,对工程建设项目的建设过程起着决定性的作用。本文运用新制度经济学中的交易费用理论,从业主的视角出发针对工程建设项目的进行研究,研究的重点在于业主如何通过选择合适的交易模式和择合适的承包商,以及如何对承包商进行激励以降低交易费用,提高交易效率。
首先分析工程建设项目交易过程中交易费用的组成和影响因素,并将工程建设项目交易费用分为事前交易费用和事后交易费用。
其次,通过对目前主要的工程建设项目交易模式进行综合分析,将其分为传统交易模式、总承包交易模式、管理承包交易模式三类,进而对这三类交易模式进行比较分析。在此基础之上,本文从降低交易费用的理念出发,通过研究单个影响因素对交易模式选择的影响机理,进而在目前已有的基于摆动权重法的简单多属性排序技术相结合的方法(SMARTS法)基础上,增加了模糊评价部分,将其改进为模糊SMARTS法,以此建立多个影响因素下交易模式的选择模型,最后通过实证案例,验证模型的可行性。
第三,在工程建设项目招投标制度研究中,针对目前国内越来越流行的最低价中标报价方式,将工程建设项目交易费用、各参与方的信息不对称性和机会主义行为等因素考虑在内,对工程建设项目的招投标制度进行优化,提出了业主采用综合评价方法选择中标单位、承包商据此报价才是使总成本最小的最优招投标方式。
最后,本文针对不同的交易模式分别建立了博弈模型或委托代理模型,重点研究如何通过机制激励、合同约束减少承包商的机会主义动机,为业主在合同中制定奖惩条款提供参考。业主通过事前在合同中制定适当的奖惩条款,实现对承包商的激励,可有效减少承包商的机会主义行为,降低工程建设项目的事后交易费用。
Construction projects are a vehicle for national investments in fixed assets and give insight into the state of a nation’s building industry. They are an important way of adjusting the structure of products and industries. Whether the goals of construction projects can be successfully achieved or not is a key to realizing their economic and social benefits, promoting the growth of the national economy, and maintaining long-term prosperity and stability. Construction project transaction mode is about the organizational structure form, function division and management institution of each participant. It plays a decisive role in the construction process.
Using the new institutional economics theory of transaction cost, this thesis studies the construction project from the owner perspective. The main emphasis of this research is the owner how to reduce the transaction cost and increase the transaction efficiency through selecting the suitable transaction mode, finding the appropriate contractors and motivating the contractors.
First of all, this thesis analyzes the composition of transaction cost and the influencing factors in transaction process of construction projects. The transaction cost is divided into ex-ante transaction cost and ex-post transaction cost.
Secondly, According to our comprehensive analysis of the current main transaction modes of construction projects, those transaction modes can be classified under three main categories: traditional transaction mode, general contract transaction mode and management contract transaction modes and will be comparatively studied further. Based on this classification, the single factor’s influence on the selection of construction project transaction mode is studied from the transaction cost view. The informed Simple Multiattribute Rating Technique Using Swings (SMARTS) is improved to Fuzzy SMARTS by added fuzzy evaluation in it. Then the Fuzzy SMARTS model is built for selection of the transaction mode under multi-factors’influence. Finally, a case study is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the Fuzzy SMARTS model.
Thirdly, during the study of construction project bidding system, because nowadays lowest price biding evaluating method is becoming more and more popular, the transaction cost, informational asymmetries and opportunistic action are considered in order to improve the construction project biding system. The proposal is comprehensive pointrating method is a rational method to decrease the overall cost of construction project.
Finally, game models or principal-agent models are built for the different categories of modes. The research emphasizes methods of reducing the contractor's opportunism motive through mechanism incentive and contract constraint. This can provide consultation for the owner’s enacting classes of reward and punishment. According to research contractor’s opportunistic action can be effectively reduced and the ex-post transaction cost can be decreased through appropriate contract clauses and supervision.
首先分析工程建设项目交易过程中交易费用的组成和影响因素,并将工程建设项目交易费用分为事前交易费用和事后交易费用。
其次,通过对目前主要的工程建设项目交易模式进行综合分析,将其分为传统交易模式、总承包交易模式、管理承包交易模式三类,进而对这三类交易模式进行比较分析。在此基础之上,本文从降低交易费用的理念出发,通过研究单个影响因素对交易模式选择的影响机理,进而在目前已有的基于摆动权重法的简单多属性排序技术相结合的方法(SMARTS法)基础上,增加了模糊评价部分,将其改进为模糊SMARTS法,以此建立多个影响因素下交易模式的选择模型,最后通过实证案例,验证模型的可行性。
第三,在工程建设项目招投标制度研究中,针对目前国内越来越流行的最低价中标报价方式,将工程建设项目交易费用、各参与方的信息不对称性和机会主义行为等因素考虑在内,对工程建设项目的招投标制度进行优化,提出了业主采用综合评价方法选择中标单位、承包商据此报价才是使总成本最小的最优招投标方式。
最后,本文针对不同的交易模式分别建立了博弈模型或委托代理模型,重点研究如何通过机制激励、合同约束减少承包商的机会主义动机,为业主在合同中制定奖惩条款提供参考。业主通过事前在合同中制定适当的奖惩条款,实现对承包商的激励,可有效减少承包商的机会主义行为,降低工程建设项目的事后交易费用。
Construction projects are a vehicle for national investments in fixed assets and give insight into the state of a nation’s building industry. They are an important way of adjusting the structure of products and industries. Whether the goals of construction projects can be successfully achieved or not is a key to realizing their economic and social benefits, promoting the growth of the national economy, and maintaining long-term prosperity and stability. Construction project transaction mode is about the organizational structure form, function division and management institution of each participant. It plays a decisive role in the construction process.
Using the new institutional economics theory of transaction cost, this thesis studies the construction project from the owner perspective. The main emphasis of this research is the owner how to reduce the transaction cost and increase the transaction efficiency through selecting the suitable transaction mode, finding the appropriate contractors and motivating the contractors.
First of all, this thesis analyzes the composition of transaction cost and the influencing factors in transaction process of construction projects. The transaction cost is divided into ex-ante transaction cost and ex-post transaction cost.
Secondly, According to our comprehensive analysis of the current main transaction modes of construction projects, those transaction modes can be classified under three main categories: traditional transaction mode, general contract transaction mode and management contract transaction modes and will be comparatively studied further. Based on this classification, the single factor’s influence on the selection of construction project transaction mode is studied from the transaction cost view. The informed Simple Multiattribute Rating Technique Using Swings (SMARTS) is improved to Fuzzy SMARTS by added fuzzy evaluation in it. Then the Fuzzy SMARTS model is built for selection of the transaction mode under multi-factors’influence. Finally, a case study is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the Fuzzy SMARTS model.
Thirdly, during the study of construction project bidding system, because nowadays lowest price biding evaluating method is becoming more and more popular, the transaction cost, informational asymmetries and opportunistic action are considered in order to improve the construction project biding system. The proposal is comprehensive pointrating method is a rational method to decrease the overall cost of construction project.
Finally, game models or principal-agent models are built for the different categories of modes. The research emphasizes methods of reducing the contractor's opportunism motive through mechanism incentive and contract constraint. This can provide consultation for the owner’s enacting classes of reward and punishment. According to research contractor’s opportunistic action can be effectively reduced and the ex-post transaction cost can be decreased through appropriate contract clauses and supervision.
引文
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