滇西“三江”地区微陆块板内火山岩地球化学特征及其构造意义
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摘要
三江造山带由多个缝合带和镶嵌其间的微陆块构成。这些微陆块内部发育着不同时代不用规模的板内火山岩，它们规模虽不及活动带内的火山岩，却具有重要的研究意义，是研究岩石圈深部的“探针”，也是“丈量”陆块之间差异性的“标尺”。
保山微陆块发育晚石炭世低钛拉斑玄武岩，岩石具有富集LREE、LILE、亏损Nb、Ta的微量元素特征，高Sr、Pb低Nd的同位素特征，岩石经历了一定程度的中、下地壳混染。构造环境具有WPE+MORB的特点，为典型大陆裂谷岩浆作用的产物，其地球化学特征与峨眉山玄武岩具有系统差异，而与印度德干、Panjal玄武岩具有可比性，体现出保山微陆块具有“亲冈瓦纳”的属性
中咱微陆块波格西、冈达概晚二叠世火山岩以高钛碱性玄武岩为主，岩石具有富集LREE、HFSE、LILE的OIB型微量元素特征，源区同时含有OIB源区和岩石圈源区的特征，与扬子板块峨眉山玄武岩具有一致的地幔源区特征，岩石具有板内的构造环境，晚二叠世中咱微陆块处于拉张的构造背景下，岩石圈发生伸展减薄，具有“亲扬子”属性的岩石圈地幔发生低度部分熔融形成原生岩浆，在经历分离结晶后产生本地区具有典型OIB特征的玄武岩。
思茅微陆块普洱通关地区新生代钾质玄武岩，具有高Ti、Al、K等特征，微量元素所表现出的强烈富集LREE、LILE等特征与其低Sr高Nd的亏损同位素表现不相符。形成时代和地球化学特征均与新生代晚期岩浆活动特征相符，其源区为软流圈发生部分熔融并释放熔体交代上覆岩石圈地幔,形成具有富K、大离子亲石元素以及高场强元素的交代岩石圈地幔。其岩石圈减薄机制与青藏高原软流圈物质沿红河哀牢山断裂带发生流动挤出相关。
昌都微陆块内部发育两组具有岛弧性质（TNT异常明显）的火山岩，是金沙江向西消减不同阶段的产物，其中二叠纪玄武质安山岩为陆缘弧火山岩，锆石U-Pb年代学研究，获得269.4~270.7Ma年龄，从而对古金沙江消减的时间提供了有效的限定。三叠纪粗面安山岩岩是产于后碰撞环境的超钾质岩石。两者的源区都具有EMII端元特征，与古特提斯俯冲带含水俯冲流体/熔体的交代作用相关。
Sanjiang Orogenic Belt is consisted of many suture zone and microcontients. Thewithin-plate volcanic rocks formed in these microcontinents has great significance forgeological reaserch. It can be used to detective the deep structure of lithosphere as‘electronic probes’ and to distinguish the differences between microcontinents as a‘rule’.
The Late Carboniferous low-Ti tholiitic basalts in Baoshan microcontinents, withvarying grade of Crustal contamination, is enriched in LREE, LILE and depleted inNb, Ta. The Sr, Pb isotopic content is relatively high compared with the Nd isotopiccontent. The structural setting shows a combination of WPB and MORB, whichsuggests the typical products of magmatism under continental-rift setting. Thegeochemical characteristics shows the signs of “Gondwana type” of Baoshanmicrocontinent is totally different with the Emeishan basalts, but is affinity with theDeccan and Panjal basalts in India.
The Late Permian high-Ti basalts in Zhongza microcontinents is mainlydistributed in Bogexi and Gangdagai area. The typical OIB-type trace elementscharacter of these basalts, enriched in LREE, LILE, HFSE and Sr isotope, indicatedthat the mantle source maybe consisted of the mixture of asthenosphere andlithospheric mantle, which is exactly same with the Emeishan high-Ti basalts. Thewithin-plate structural setting is proved in these rocks, indicated that the lithospherethinning of Zhongza microcontinent during Permian. The primary magma wasproduced through low degree partial melting of the ‘Yangtze type’ lithospheric mantle,and then formed the OIB-type basalts of Zhongza microontient.
The Cenozoic potassic alkali basalt in Simao microcontinents is mainlydistributed in Puer and Tonguan area. The trace elements character of these basalts,enriched in Ti, Al, k, LREE, LILE and HFSE, contradict with depleted isotopicevidence (high-Sr and low-Nd). Both the forming age and geochemical characteristicspointed out that the alkali basalts in Simao microcontinents is belong to the late periodCenozoic magmatism in Sanjiang area. The mantle source, enrich in K, LREE, LILE and HFSE, is a lithospheric mantle modified by metasomatic fluids extracting fromthe asthenosphere partial melting process. Lithospheric mantle with. The lithosphericthinning may associated with the lateral movement of the Tibet asthenosphere flowalong the Red River-Ailaoshan fault zone
Two groups of arc-type (Nb, Ta, Ti negative anomaly) volcanic rocks discoveredin Changdu microcontinent. They may represents the products of Jinshajiangsubduction during different stage. The zircon U-Pb age of Permian basaltandesite(269.4~270.7Ma) offer a well constraint on the end time of Jinshajiang subduction.The Late Triassic trachyandesite is ultra-potassic rocks formed under thepost-collisional setting. The mantle source of these two groups rocks are characterizedby EMII-type end member which is modified by metasomatic fluids/melts formedduring the subduction of Paleo-Tethys
保山微陆块发育晚石炭世低钛拉斑玄武岩，岩石具有富集LREE、LILE、亏损Nb、Ta的微量元素特征，高Sr、Pb低Nd的同位素特征，岩石经历了一定程度的中、下地壳混染。构造环境具有WPE+MORB的特点，为典型大陆裂谷岩浆作用的产物，其地球化学特征与峨眉山玄武岩具有系统差异，而与印度德干、Panjal玄武岩具有可比性，体现出保山微陆块具有“亲冈瓦纳”的属性
中咱微陆块波格西、冈达概晚二叠世火山岩以高钛碱性玄武岩为主，岩石具有富集LREE、HFSE、LILE的OIB型微量元素特征，源区同时含有OIB源区和岩石圈源区的特征，与扬子板块峨眉山玄武岩具有一致的地幔源区特征，岩石具有板内的构造环境，晚二叠世中咱微陆块处于拉张的构造背景下，岩石圈发生伸展减薄，具有“亲扬子”属性的岩石圈地幔发生低度部分熔融形成原生岩浆，在经历分离结晶后产生本地区具有典型OIB特征的玄武岩。
思茅微陆块普洱通关地区新生代钾质玄武岩，具有高Ti、Al、K等特征，微量元素所表现出的强烈富集LREE、LILE等特征与其低Sr高Nd的亏损同位素表现不相符。形成时代和地球化学特征均与新生代晚期岩浆活动特征相符，其源区为软流圈发生部分熔融并释放熔体交代上覆岩石圈地幔,形成具有富K、大离子亲石元素以及高场强元素的交代岩石圈地幔。其岩石圈减薄机制与青藏高原软流圈物质沿红河哀牢山断裂带发生流动挤出相关。
昌都微陆块内部发育两组具有岛弧性质（TNT异常明显）的火山岩，是金沙江向西消减不同阶段的产物，其中二叠纪玄武质安山岩为陆缘弧火山岩，锆石U-Pb年代学研究，获得269.4~270.7Ma年龄，从而对古金沙江消减的时间提供了有效的限定。三叠纪粗面安山岩岩是产于后碰撞环境的超钾质岩石。两者的源区都具有EMII端元特征，与古特提斯俯冲带含水俯冲流体/熔体的交代作用相关。
Sanjiang Orogenic Belt is consisted of many suture zone and microcontients. Thewithin-plate volcanic rocks formed in these microcontinents has great significance forgeological reaserch. It can be used to detective the deep structure of lithosphere as‘electronic probes’ and to distinguish the differences between microcontinents as a‘rule’.
The Late Carboniferous low-Ti tholiitic basalts in Baoshan microcontinents, withvarying grade of Crustal contamination, is enriched in LREE, LILE and depleted inNb, Ta. The Sr, Pb isotopic content is relatively high compared with the Nd isotopiccontent. The structural setting shows a combination of WPB and MORB, whichsuggests the typical products of magmatism under continental-rift setting. Thegeochemical characteristics shows the signs of “Gondwana type” of Baoshanmicrocontinent is totally different with the Emeishan basalts, but is affinity with theDeccan and Panjal basalts in India.
The Late Permian high-Ti basalts in Zhongza microcontinents is mainlydistributed in Bogexi and Gangdagai area. The typical OIB-type trace elementscharacter of these basalts, enriched in LREE, LILE, HFSE and Sr isotope, indicatedthat the mantle source maybe consisted of the mixture of asthenosphere andlithospheric mantle, which is exactly same with the Emeishan high-Ti basalts. Thewithin-plate structural setting is proved in these rocks, indicated that the lithospherethinning of Zhongza microcontinent during Permian. The primary magma wasproduced through low degree partial melting of the ‘Yangtze type’ lithospheric mantle,and then formed the OIB-type basalts of Zhongza microontient.
The Cenozoic potassic alkali basalt in Simao microcontinents is mainlydistributed in Puer and Tonguan area. The trace elements character of these basalts,enriched in Ti, Al, k, LREE, LILE and HFSE, contradict with depleted isotopicevidence (high-Sr and low-Nd). Both the forming age and geochemical characteristicspointed out that the alkali basalts in Simao microcontinents is belong to the late periodCenozoic magmatism in Sanjiang area. The mantle source, enrich in K, LREE, LILE and HFSE, is a lithospheric mantle modified by metasomatic fluids extracting fromthe asthenosphere partial melting process. Lithospheric mantle with. The lithosphericthinning may associated with the lateral movement of the Tibet asthenosphere flowalong the Red River-Ailaoshan fault zone
Two groups of arc-type (Nb, Ta, Ti negative anomaly) volcanic rocks discoveredin Changdu microcontinent. They may represents the products of Jinshajiangsubduction during different stage. The zircon U-Pb age of Permian basaltandesite(269.4~270.7Ma) offer a well constraint on the end time of Jinshajiang subduction.The Late Triassic trachyandesite is ultra-potassic rocks formed under thepost-collisional setting. The mantle source of these two groups rocks are characterizedby EMII-type end member which is modified by metasomatic fluids/melts formedduring the subduction of Paleo-Tethys
引文
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