用户名: 密码: 验证码:
中国上市公司资本结构的行业特征研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
资本结构的行业特征既是资本结构影响因素研究的一个重要方面,又是上市公司资本结构优化的前提。因而,研究资本结构的行业特征不仅具有理论价值,而且具有实践价值。
     借鉴资本结构的经典理论,采用合适的样本和科学的行业分类方法,运用多种统计方法对我国上市公司资本结构的行业特征进行研究,得出了如下结论:(1)我国上市公司不同行业门类之间的资本结构具有显著差异且这种差异不是由个别行业门类的异常值引起的,而是行业门类间普遍存在的,行业因素是影响资本结构的重要因素;(2)同一行业门类内不同行业大类间的资本结构无显著差异,即同一行业门类内不同行业大类之间的资本结构差异程度远低于不同行业门类之间的资本结构差异程度;(3)无论是行业门类还是行业大类,绝大多数行业的资产负债率偏低且呈上升趋势;(4)在行业门类和行业大类两个层次上,同一行业的资本结构具有高度稳定性,而且行业间差异也具有稳定性。这些特征主要是由行业在竞争程度、生命周期阶段、技术创新水平和盈利能力等方面的差异造成的。
     我国上市公司资本结构的行业差异显著的特征表明:我国上市公司资本结构存在一个合理的区间。这就为资本结构的优化提供了可能。同时,我国上市公司大多数行业的资产负债率偏低的这一特征表明:我国上市公司普遍存在股权融资偏好的现象。虽有其存在的客观性,但若任其发展,将会对公司成长、公司治理以及资本市场配置资源的效率等方面产生不利影响,因而有必要对上市公司的资本结构进行调整和优化。鉴于股权融资偏好的成因主要在于资本市场的缺陷和公司治理的扭曲,在当前实际情况下,我们应从资本市场、公司治理等方面入手,逐步优化上市公司的资本结构。
The industrial characteristics of capital structure are both an important aspect of researching on influential factors of capital structure and a premise of optimizing the listed companies' capital structure. Therefore, researching on it is not only of important value of theory, but also of important value of practice.
    The thesis mainly researches on industrial characteristics of capital structure of the listed companies in China, through drawing lessons from classic theories of capital structure, adopting proper samples and scientific categorizing standard of industries, and using diverse statistical methods. Here are conclusions as follows: (1) There is remarkable difference in capital structure among the different industries of the listed companies in China. As a result, industry is an important influential factor of capital structure. (2) There is not remarkable difference in capital structure among industrial classes of manufacturing industry. (3) The ratio of assets to liabilities of major industries is lower and tends to increase. (4) The capital structure of one industry is very steady and so is the difference between industries. These characteristics are caused by the industrial differences in the competitive extent, the cyclic stage of life, the level of technological innovation and the profitability etc.
    Characteristic three reveals that there is an universal phenomenon of fervent preference for equity financing in the listed companies. Although the preference exists objectively, if not limited, it will result in disadvantageous effects to company's growth, corporate governance and the efficiency of distributing resources in capital market etc. For this reason, it is necessary to regulate and optimize the capital structure of the listed companies in China. Given that the preference for equity financing results from imperfection of the capital market and distortion of corporate governance, some measures should be taken to optimize the capital structure of the listed companies in China.
引文
[1] H DeAngelo, R W Masulis. Optimal capital structure under corporate and personal taxation. Journal of Financial Economics, 1980, (3): 3~29
    [2] Eli Schwartz, J Richard Aronson. Some surrogate evidence in support of the concept of optimal financial structure. Journal of Finance, 1967, 22(1): 10~18
    [3] David F Scott. Evidence on the importance of financial structure. Financial Management, 1972, (7): 45~50
    [4] David F Scott, John D Martin. Industry influence on financial structure. Financial Management, 1975, (3): 67~73
    [5] Robert M Bowen. Evidence on the existence and determinants of inter-industry differences in leverage. Financial Management, 1982, (12): 10~20
    [6] Lee Remmers. Industry and size as debt ratio determinants in manufacturing internationally. Financial management, 1974, (7): 24~32
    [7] Markham Collins, William S Sekely. The relationship of headquarters country and industry classification to financial structure. Financial management, 1983, (10): 45~51
    [8] Ahmed Belkaoui. A Canadian survey of financial structure. Financial Management, 1975, (3): 74~79
    [9] Vihang R Errunza. Determinants of Financial structure in the central American common market. Financial Management, 1979, (10): 72~77
    [10] Raj Aggarwal. Capital structure differences among large Asian companies. ASEAN Economic Bulletin, 1990, 7(1): 39~53
    [11] 陆正飞,辛宇.上市公司资本结构主要影响因素之实证研究.会计研究,1998,(8):34~37
    [12] 吕长江,韩慧博.上市公司资本结构特点的实证分析.南开管理评论,2001,(5):26~29
    [13] 王娟,杨凤林.中国上市公司资本结构影响因素的最新研究.国际金融研究,2002,(8):45~52
    [14] 郭鹏飞,孙培源.资本结构的行业特征:基于中国上市公司的实证研究.经
    
    济研究,2003,(5):66~73
    [15] 洪锡颐,沈艺峰.我国上市公司资本结构影响因素的实证分析.厦门大学学报,2000,(3):114~120
    [16] 晏艳阳.我国上市公司资本结构研究.长沙:湖南教育出版社,2001
    [17] 黄少安,张岗.中国上市公司股权融资偏好分析.经济研究,2001,(11):12~20
    [18] 周首华,陆飞,汤谷良.现代财务理论前沿专题.大连:东北财经大学出版社,2000
    [19] 沈艺峰.资本结构理论史.北京:经济科学出版社,1999
    [20] 中国证监会.上市公司行业分类指引.上海证券报,4/4/2001
    [21] Michael Bradley, George A Jarrell, E Han Kim. On the existence of an optimal capital structure: theory and evidence. Journal of Finance, 1984, 39(3): 857~880
    [22] Booth, Laurence. Capital structures in developing countries. Journal of Finance, 2001, (56): 87~130
    [23] Richard N Clarke. SICs as dilineators of economic markets. Journal of Business, 1989, 62(1): 17~31
    [24] 唐晓华,苏梅梅.产业过度竞争测度基准及聚类分析.中国经济,2003,(6):32~35
    [25] 中国证券业协会.证券投资分析.北京:中国财政经济出版社,2003
    [26] 刘欣.技术创新的行业特征分析.中国信息报,11/3/2001
    [27] 董逢谷,朱荣明.统计学案例集.上海:上海财经大学出版社,2001
    [28] Black F, M Scholes. The pricing of option and corporate liabilities. Journal of Political Economy, 1973, (6): 637~654
    [29] 晏艳阳.我国上市公司资本结构变化趋势研究.统计研究,2001,(6):43~46
    [30] 冯根福,吴林江,刘世彦.我国上市公司资本结构形成的影响因素分析.经济学家,2000,(5):59~66
    [31] 袁国良,郑江淮,胡志乾.中国上市公司融资偏好和融资能力的实证研究.管理世界,1999,(3):150~158
    [32] 何桂基.我国上市公司股权融资偏好及其成因.西安财经学院学报,2003,(8):11~14
    [33] 范文燕,刘宗华.论融资结构与治理结构的关系.财经科学,2002,(5):57~61
    
    
    [34] 梁定邦.中国企业融资与资本市场问题.金融与保险,2003,(1):9~12
    [35] 方晓霞.中国企业融资:制度变迁与行为分析.北京:北京大学出版社,1997
    [36] 郭树华.企业融资结构与管理激励.中国人民大学学报,1997,(5):13~18
    [37] 张维迎.中国国有企业资本结构存在的问题.金融研究,1996,(10):27~29
    [38] 吴晓辉,郑建彪.上市公司财务与会计案例.北京:中国财政经济出版社,1999,10
    [39] 孙永祥.所有权、融资结构与公司治理机制.经济研究,2001,(1):45~53
    [40] Mike Sibley. The search for Industry financing patterns. American Business Review, 1991, (1): 85~91
    [41] 申银万国证券研究所.2002-2003 深沪股市展望.大连:东北财经大学出版社,2002
    [42] [美]斯蒂格利茨.经济学(中译本).北京:中国人民大学出版社,1997
    [43] [美]博迪,凯恩,马库斯.投资学(中译本).北京:机械工业出版社,2000
    [44] [英]洛伦兹·格利茨.金融工程学(中译本).北京:经济科学出版社,1998

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700