平移建筑隔震体系分析与性能化设计研究
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摘要
由于城市规划或建筑物历史价值需求,整体平移技术在建筑物搬迁中应用越来越广泛。平移建筑物到位后,就位连接是保证其后续使用年限内安全可靠的关键要素。传统连接方式仍然将上部结构与基础固结在一起,建筑物抵御地震的能力没有本质提高。与此同时,基础隔震应对地震的高效性与可靠性已经被世界各地的大量工程实例所验证。平移建筑物与新建基础的分离状态使基础隔震在平移工程中的实施成为可能。采用加设隔震层的方式进行就位连接,不但可以充分利用建筑迁移过程中的滚轴、滑块等移动设备,而且形成了安全性和可靠度更有保证的基础隔震体系,是性能化设计思想的实现。由于叠层橡胶垫与平移装置并联隔震层不同于传统的叠层橡胶隔震体系,隔震层的耗能机制与滞回特性已经改变,因此有必要对其进行系统的试验研究与理论分析。本文以平移后的既有建筑与新建基础进行隔震连接而形成的并联基础隔震体系为研究对象,根据平移装置的不同,分析了两种并联基础隔震形式,通过模型试验与有限元分析对其进行了研究,对隔震装置下部结构的竖向承载构件进行了抗震性能评估。主要研究内容如下
1.首先分析利用滚轴与叠层橡胶支座并联形成的隔震装置。根据滚轴装置的特点设计并进行了结构振动台试验。试验给出了该并联基础隔震体系加速度反应特点,层间变形特点以及不同方向的滞回特性。根据试验结果分析这种并联隔震连接的特点,给出利用滚轴进行隔震连接的建议。
2.考虑利用平移过程中的聚四氟乙烯滑块,设计了滑块与叠层橡胶支座并联隔震模型的拟静力试验。试验结果表明,该并联隔震支座滞回曲线较规则,曲线具有很好的饱满度,体现了其良好的滞回耗能能力。试验结果为后续并联隔震体系的能量分析建立了基础。试验同时分析了不同竖向荷载、不同承载比例骨架曲线对滞回特性的影响。
3.基于能量平衡方程定义了三个能量比系数,根据滑块并联叠层橡胶支座拟静力试验的结果,分析了该并联隔震支座的耗能特点。建立了上部结构为砌体和框架结构的有限元分析模型,对比了不同结构类型、不同结构层数以及隔震层装置的不同比例对地震输入能量分配的影响规律。
4.平移建筑采用隔震连接后,体系抗震性能提高的同时,隔震装置下竖向承载构件重要性更为突出。本文提出了一种衡量P-Δ效应的方法,通过静力推覆分析,证实了该方法的有效性。探讨了长细比、配筋率以及轴压比对抗震能力的影响,以悬臂柱为例推导出构件的能力谱曲线,建立了8度地震下不同场地条件的需求谱,利用能力谱法得到不同场地类别悬臂柱的抗震性能点。
Due to the demand of city planning or the requirement of historic building, monolithic moving technique in the buildings transit has more and more application. After the structure is moved to the location, connection at the destination is the key element can guarantee the building's safety and reliability in the subsequent service life. The superstructure and the foundation are fixed connection all the same in the conventional joint construction process, which has not any enhancement to ant-seismic capacity of the moving structure. At the same time, the high availability and reliability of isolation system have been confirmed by a great deal of actual projects in the world. Adoption of the isolation layer in the joint at the destination can make full use of the steel roller or Teflon slider during the building removal, if adding certain position-limit device, such as rubber isolator etc., can form the base isolation system, which is a more safe and security system through the isolated connection. This is the implement of performance design mentality. Utilize the moving material paralleled with rubber isolator form new isolation layer, which is different with the traditional rubber isolation system. Energy dissipation mechanism and hysteretic characteristic have changed much, so systemic investigation and theoretic analysis are pre-requisite. The research object of this paper is the paralleled isolation system formed by the connection of the existing translation building and the new foundation. According to the different of translation device, two kinds of paralleled base isolation system are analysis. Anti-seismic performance of the vertical bearing component under the isolation device is also evaluated. This paper mainly focuses on the following things:
1. Firstly, the steel roller paralleled with laminated rubber isolator is analyzed. According to the characteristics of this system, the shaking table test is designed and proposed. Responses of acceleration and stratified deformation of the system are obtained through this test; the hysteretic energy dissipation also can be gained. Based on the test results, features of this paralleled isolation system are concluded; and make suggestions of using steel roller paralleled with laminated isolators formed isolation system.
2. Considering making full use of the Teflon slider in building integral migration, pseudo-static test of slider paralleled with rubber isolator is implemented. Hysteretic curve and energy dissipation of the paralleled isolator can be obtained through the experimental process. The isolation system has regular hysteretic curve, which is spindle shaped and has very good plumpness, embodies preferable energy dissipation capacity. The results of test can established the base of following energy response analysis about paralleled isolation system. Effects on the hysteretic curve of varying vertical load and different load ratio are also analyzed in this paper.
3. Three energy ratio coefficients are put forward from the equation of energy balance in this paper. Energy dissipation of this paralleled isolation is analyzed through the result of pseudo-static test of slider paralleled with rubber isolator system. FEM of masonry and frame structure are established, then influence law of which can be obtained under factors such as the upper structure form; numbers of stories; relative amount of isolators; various seismic wave etc.
4. Anti-seismic capacity of monolithic moving structure has enhanced much after connection at the destination use isolation layer, at the same time, significance of vertical bearing member stand out. A method of balance the P-Δ effects is proposed in this paper, effective of this method is confirmed by Pushover analysis. Effect rule on the capacity of anti-seismic of design parameters such as slenderness ratio; reinforcement ratio; axial compression ratio are discussed in detail. Demand spectra of8degree seismic in different site conditions are established. The capacity curve of cantilever column is taken as example to obtain the anti-seismic performance points of this component in four site condition through the capacity spectrum method.
1.首先分析利用滚轴与叠层橡胶支座并联形成的隔震装置。根据滚轴装置的特点设计并进行了结构振动台试验。试验给出了该并联基础隔震体系加速度反应特点,层间变形特点以及不同方向的滞回特性。根据试验结果分析这种并联隔震连接的特点,给出利用滚轴进行隔震连接的建议。
2.考虑利用平移过程中的聚四氟乙烯滑块,设计了滑块与叠层橡胶支座并联隔震模型的拟静力试验。试验结果表明,该并联隔震支座滞回曲线较规则,曲线具有很好的饱满度,体现了其良好的滞回耗能能力。试验结果为后续并联隔震体系的能量分析建立了基础。试验同时分析了不同竖向荷载、不同承载比例骨架曲线对滞回特性的影响。
3.基于能量平衡方程定义了三个能量比系数,根据滑块并联叠层橡胶支座拟静力试验的结果,分析了该并联隔震支座的耗能特点。建立了上部结构为砌体和框架结构的有限元分析模型,对比了不同结构类型、不同结构层数以及隔震层装置的不同比例对地震输入能量分配的影响规律。
4.平移建筑采用隔震连接后,体系抗震性能提高的同时,隔震装置下竖向承载构件重要性更为突出。本文提出了一种衡量P-Δ效应的方法,通过静力推覆分析,证实了该方法的有效性。探讨了长细比、配筋率以及轴压比对抗震能力的影响,以悬臂柱为例推导出构件的能力谱曲线,建立了8度地震下不同场地条件的需求谱,利用能力谱法得到不同场地类别悬臂柱的抗震性能点。
Due to the demand of city planning or the requirement of historic building, monolithic moving technique in the buildings transit has more and more application. After the structure is moved to the location, connection at the destination is the key element can guarantee the building's safety and reliability in the subsequent service life. The superstructure and the foundation are fixed connection all the same in the conventional joint construction process, which has not any enhancement to ant-seismic capacity of the moving structure. At the same time, the high availability and reliability of isolation system have been confirmed by a great deal of actual projects in the world. Adoption of the isolation layer in the joint at the destination can make full use of the steel roller or Teflon slider during the building removal, if adding certain position-limit device, such as rubber isolator etc., can form the base isolation system, which is a more safe and security system through the isolated connection. This is the implement of performance design mentality. Utilize the moving material paralleled with rubber isolator form new isolation layer, which is different with the traditional rubber isolation system. Energy dissipation mechanism and hysteretic characteristic have changed much, so systemic investigation and theoretic analysis are pre-requisite. The research object of this paper is the paralleled isolation system formed by the connection of the existing translation building and the new foundation. According to the different of translation device, two kinds of paralleled base isolation system are analysis. Anti-seismic performance of the vertical bearing component under the isolation device is also evaluated. This paper mainly focuses on the following things:
1. Firstly, the steel roller paralleled with laminated rubber isolator is analyzed. According to the characteristics of this system, the shaking table test is designed and proposed. Responses of acceleration and stratified deformation of the system are obtained through this test; the hysteretic energy dissipation also can be gained. Based on the test results, features of this paralleled isolation system are concluded; and make suggestions of using steel roller paralleled with laminated isolators formed isolation system.
2. Considering making full use of the Teflon slider in building integral migration, pseudo-static test of slider paralleled with rubber isolator is implemented. Hysteretic curve and energy dissipation of the paralleled isolator can be obtained through the experimental process. The isolation system has regular hysteretic curve, which is spindle shaped and has very good plumpness, embodies preferable energy dissipation capacity. The results of test can established the base of following energy response analysis about paralleled isolation system. Effects on the hysteretic curve of varying vertical load and different load ratio are also analyzed in this paper.
3. Three energy ratio coefficients are put forward from the equation of energy balance in this paper. Energy dissipation of this paralleled isolation is analyzed through the result of pseudo-static test of slider paralleled with rubber isolator system. FEM of masonry and frame structure are established, then influence law of which can be obtained under factors such as the upper structure form; numbers of stories; relative amount of isolators; various seismic wave etc.
4. Anti-seismic capacity of monolithic moving structure has enhanced much after connection at the destination use isolation layer, at the same time, significance of vertical bearing member stand out. A method of balance the P-Δ effects is proposed in this paper, effective of this method is confirmed by Pushover analysis. Effect rule on the capacity of anti-seismic of design parameters such as slenderness ratio; reinforcement ratio; axial compression ratio are discussed in detail. Demand spectra of8degree seismic in different site conditions are established. The capacity curve of cantilever column is taken as example to obtain the anti-seismic performance points of this component in four site condition through the capacity spectrum method.
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