金属增强泡沫玻璃基复合材料吸波性能研究
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摘要
本文以硼硅酸盐泡沫玻璃为基体,添加钴、镍和铜等金属粉末,制备吸波复合材料。通过XRD分析样品组成,SEM观察试样孔结构,用波导法测试了复合材料在X波段(8.2—12.4GHz)的复介电常数、复磁导率并计算得到复合材料的反射率。
结果表明:对于不加金属粉末的泡沫玻璃,石墨量为2.0wt%的试样,随着频率增加,复介电常数实部和虚部分别从3.25和1.3下降到3和1。复磁导率实部在0.96—1.07之间,虚部在0.02—0.13之间。反射率在整个X波段均低于-2dB,在12.4GHz达到最小值为-6dB,对应厚度为3mm。
对于含钴泡沫玻璃,当钴粉添加量比较低时,样品具有低密度和高气孔率,当钴粉对泡沫玻璃质量比大于3:20时,试样平均孔径和气孔率随着添加量增加而迅速降低,密度增加。随着质量比增加,泡沫玻璃的复介电常数实部在4.5—50之间变化;复介电常数虚部随着质量比变大而增加,其值在2.7—50范围变动;当质量比大于5:20时,实部和虚部均急剧增加。随着质量比变大,复磁导率实部数值在0.95—1.1之间变化;虚部随着质量比变大而增加,其值在0.02—0.32范围变化。Co3试样(钴粉对泡沫玻璃质量比为3:20),反射率在整个X波段,反射率均小于-11dB,在9.6GHz得到最小反射率为-15.1dB,对应厚度为3.5mm。对于含镍泡沫玻璃,Ni1试样(镍粉对泡沫玻璃质量比为1:20)在9.5—11GHz频段,反射率低于-10dB;对应厚度为4mm。
对于含铜泡沫玻璃,Cu4试样(铜粉对泡沫玻璃质量比为4:20)的反射率在8.3—10.8GHz频段,反射率均低于-10dB,对应厚度为4mm。
泡沫玻璃基复合材料对微波的损耗主要来自介电损耗,加入金属粉末能够提高泡沫玻璃的介电损耗,改善玻璃基体与空气之间的阻抗匹配,进而提高复合材料的吸波性能。
In this paper, microwave absorbing composites were prepared by adding cobalt, nickel and copper metal filler into foam glass as a matrix. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize pore structure and constituents of samples. Complex permittivity and permeability of composites were measured by wave guide method in X-band (8.2—12.4GHz) and reflection loss was calculated based on permittivity and permeability.
Results indicate that: Real part of complex permittivity for foam glass with 2wt % graphite declined from 3.25 to 3 with frequency, as well as imaginary part decreased from 1.3 to 1; Real part of complex permeability lied between 0.96 and 1.07, while imaginary part varied from 0.02 to 0.13. Reflection loss of foam glass less than -2dB was obtained in all X-band and the minimum reflectivity was -6dB at 12.4GHz with a thickness of 3mm.
The cobalt-containing foam glass with low metal powder additive had low density and high porosity. When the mass ratio of metal filler to foam glass is larger than 3:20, porosity of composite decreased rapidly with metal powder additive, while density increased. As mass ratio increased, real part of permittivity of composites varied from 4.5 to 50; Imaginary part increased from 2.7 to 50 with mass ratio; Both real part and imaginary part increased rapidly when mass ratio was larger than 5:20. Real part of permeability for composites lied between 0.95 and 1.1; Imaginary part increased with mass ratio and the values ranged from 0.02 to 0.32. Reflection loss values of Co3 sample (mass ratio of cobalt powder to foam glass was 3:20) less than -11dB were obtained in all X-band and a minimum reflectivity of -15.1dB was observed at 9.6GHz with a thickness of 3.5mm.
Nickel-containing foam glass (nickel filler to foam glass ratio was 1:20) had a reflection loss below-10 dB in the range of 9.5—11GHz with a thickness of 4mm. Copper-containing foam glass (mass ratio of copper powder to foam glass was 4:20) achieved a reflectivity less than -10dB in the range of 8.3—10.8GHz with a thickness of 4mm.
Microwave absorption of foam glass matrix composite was mainly from dielectric loss. Adding metal filler into foam glass could enhance dielectric loss of glass matrix and benefit impendence match between glass matrix and air, therefore microwave absorbing properties of composite was improved.
结果表明:对于不加金属粉末的泡沫玻璃,石墨量为2.0wt%的试样,随着频率增加,复介电常数实部和虚部分别从3.25和1.3下降到3和1。复磁导率实部在0.96—1.07之间,虚部在0.02—0.13之间。反射率在整个X波段均低于-2dB,在12.4GHz达到最小值为-6dB,对应厚度为3mm。
对于含钴泡沫玻璃,当钴粉添加量比较低时,样品具有低密度和高气孔率,当钴粉对泡沫玻璃质量比大于3:20时,试样平均孔径和气孔率随着添加量增加而迅速降低,密度增加。随着质量比增加,泡沫玻璃的复介电常数实部在4.5—50之间变化;复介电常数虚部随着质量比变大而增加,其值在2.7—50范围变动;当质量比大于5:20时,实部和虚部均急剧增加。随着质量比变大,复磁导率实部数值在0.95—1.1之间变化;虚部随着质量比变大而增加,其值在0.02—0.32范围变化。Co3试样(钴粉对泡沫玻璃质量比为3:20),反射率在整个X波段,反射率均小于-11dB,在9.6GHz得到最小反射率为-15.1dB,对应厚度为3.5mm。对于含镍泡沫玻璃,Ni1试样(镍粉对泡沫玻璃质量比为1:20)在9.5—11GHz频段,反射率低于-10dB;对应厚度为4mm。
对于含铜泡沫玻璃,Cu4试样(铜粉对泡沫玻璃质量比为4:20)的反射率在8.3—10.8GHz频段,反射率均低于-10dB,对应厚度为4mm。
泡沫玻璃基复合材料对微波的损耗主要来自介电损耗,加入金属粉末能够提高泡沫玻璃的介电损耗,改善玻璃基体与空气之间的阻抗匹配,进而提高复合材料的吸波性能。
In this paper, microwave absorbing composites were prepared by adding cobalt, nickel and copper metal filler into foam glass as a matrix. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to characterize pore structure and constituents of samples. Complex permittivity and permeability of composites were measured by wave guide method in X-band (8.2—12.4GHz) and reflection loss was calculated based on permittivity and permeability.
Results indicate that: Real part of complex permittivity for foam glass with 2wt % graphite declined from 3.25 to 3 with frequency, as well as imaginary part decreased from 1.3 to 1; Real part of complex permeability lied between 0.96 and 1.07, while imaginary part varied from 0.02 to 0.13. Reflection loss of foam glass less than -2dB was obtained in all X-band and the minimum reflectivity was -6dB at 12.4GHz with a thickness of 3mm.
The cobalt-containing foam glass with low metal powder additive had low density and high porosity. When the mass ratio of metal filler to foam glass is larger than 3:20, porosity of composite decreased rapidly with metal powder additive, while density increased. As mass ratio increased, real part of permittivity of composites varied from 4.5 to 50; Imaginary part increased from 2.7 to 50 with mass ratio; Both real part and imaginary part increased rapidly when mass ratio was larger than 5:20. Real part of permeability for composites lied between 0.95 and 1.1; Imaginary part increased with mass ratio and the values ranged from 0.02 to 0.32. Reflection loss values of Co3 sample (mass ratio of cobalt powder to foam glass was 3:20) less than -11dB were obtained in all X-band and a minimum reflectivity of -15.1dB was observed at 9.6GHz with a thickness of 3.5mm.
Nickel-containing foam glass (nickel filler to foam glass ratio was 1:20) had a reflection loss below-10 dB in the range of 9.5—11GHz with a thickness of 4mm. Copper-containing foam glass (mass ratio of copper powder to foam glass was 4:20) achieved a reflectivity less than -10dB in the range of 8.3—10.8GHz with a thickness of 4mm.
Microwave absorption of foam glass matrix composite was mainly from dielectric loss. Adding metal filler into foam glass could enhance dielectric loss of glass matrix and benefit impendence match between glass matrix and air, therefore microwave absorbing properties of composite was improved.
引文
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[2]李滚,庞小峰,电磁场曝露对生物组织电磁特性的影响,生物化学与生物物理进展,2011,38 (7) :604 ~ 610
[3]刘纯一,刘志敏,刘义冰,等,体外高频热疗机电磁辐射对健康人的影响及对策,护理实践与研究,2011, 8 (16 ):78 ~80
[4]王秀芹,梁晓阳,肖明慧,等,高频电磁辐射对作业者脑电波的影响,职业卫生与应急救援,2011,29( 1) : 29 ~ 36
[5] Ding G R,Qiu L B,Wang X W,et al, EMP-induced alterations of tight junction protein expression and disruption of the blood-brain barrier,Toxicology Letters,2010,196(3):154~ 160
[6]吴惠,王德文,王水明,等,不同波段电磁辐射对大鼠Sertoli细胞雄激素受体和卵泡刺激素受体表达的影响,生物物理学报,2011,27(8):687~ 695
[7]孙继平,程强,田子建,煤矿井下变频器电磁辐射骚扰的研究,太原理工大学学报,2011,42(5):528~530
[8]邢丽英,隐身材料,北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[9]杨文麟,董胜奎,刘本东,电磁波吸收材料,电磁兼容,2011,07:78~80
[10]陈雪刚,叶瑛,程继鹏,电磁波吸收材料的研究进展,无机材料学报,26(5):449~457
[11] Wen B,Zhao J,Duan Y,et al,Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of carbon powder from catalysed carbon black in X and Ku bands,Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics,2006,39(9): 1960~1962
[12]邱华,唐继海,杨骐,等,纤维吸波剂研究进展,表面技术,2010,39 (6):66~ 70
[13] Kagawa Y,Matsumura K, Iba H,et al, Potential of short Si-Ti-C-O fiber-reinforced epoxy matrix composite as electromagnetic wave absorbing material,Journal of Materials Science, 2007,42(4) :1116~1121
[14]郭洪范,朱红,林海燕,等,导电高分子在雷达吸波材料中的应用研究进展,化学工程师,2007,10:26~29
[15] Shams M H,Salehi S M A,Ghasemi A,Electromagnetic wave absorption characteristics of Mg-Ti substituted Ba-hexaferrite. Materials letters,2008,62(10/11): 1731~1733
[16] Begard M,Bobzin K,Bolelli G,et al,Thermal spraying of Co,Ti-substituted Ba-hexaferrite coatings for electromagnetic wave absorption applications,Surface and Coatings Technology,2009, 203(20/21):3312~3319
[17]Liu J,Yun GH,Su ML,Crystal microstructure, infrared absorption, and microwave electromagnetic properties of (La1-xDyx)2/3Sr1/3MnO3,Rare Metals , 2009,28(5): 494~499
[18] Costa A C F M,Diniz A P,Silva V J,et al,Influence of calcination temperature on the morphology and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrite applied as an electromagnetic energy absorber,Journal of Alloys and Compounds,2009,483(1/2): 563~565
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