含铬矿物碱熔盐法清洁生产中介质循环与产品分离工艺研究
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摘要
钾系亚熔盐铬盐清洁工艺成功解决了国内外同类技术未能解决的液相氧化与碱-铬-铝分离的关键技术,但传统碱液增浓的熬碱锅系统操作条件恶劣、安全性差、热效率低、能耗高,成为铬盐清洁生产节能减排发展道路上的瓶颈。熔盐活化法处理铬含量较高的红土镍矿产生的浸出液中含有氢氧化钠、铝酸钠、铬酸钠、碳酸钠等,成分复杂、难以分离。本研究考察用高效旋转薄膜蒸发器替代传统熬碱锅系统进行碱液浓缩循环的可行性和最佳工况分析；采用蒸发结晶、碳化沉铝、苛化等方法研究红土镍矿浸出液中Cr、Al分离规律,并实现碱液循环。
(1)采用1m2高效旋转薄膜蒸发器,将30%的碱液蒸发浓缩至50%左右。重点考察加热温度、进料流量和真空度等参数对完成液浓度、蒸发强度和总传热系数的影响,并得出最佳工艺条件。
(2)采用1m2高效旋转薄膜蒸发器,将除杂净化后50%碱液蒸发浓缩至75%-80%。重点考察加热温度、进料流量和真空度等参数对完成液浓度、蒸发强度和总传热系数的影响,并对工艺条件进行优化。
(3)基于碳酸钠、铬酸钠、铝酸钠在NaOH溶液中溶解度以及铝酸钠性质的研究,采用蒸发结晶方式将逆流洗涤一级滤液中的混合物二次排盐进行初步分离得到粗晶。碳化沉铝、苛化等方法探讨浸出液中铬、铝分离规律,并实现碱液循环。
Sub-molten salt of potassium chromate cleaning process succeeded in solving the key technological difficulties in liquid phase oxidation and alkali-chromium-aluminum separation of key technology, which domestic and foreign similar technology can not solve. But the traditional lye boil is considered as hard to operate、insecure、inefficient and energy consumptive, which becomes a bottleneck in chromate cleaning process. Nickel laterite with high chromium by molten salt activation treatment produces raw leachate, whose components are complicated and difficult to separate, for it contains sodium hydroxide, sodium aluminate, sodium chromate, sodium carbonate and so on.
This study means to get the feasibility and optimal working condition by high-efficiency rotating film evaporator inspissating alkali solution instead of the traditional system of alkali solution boil. Chromium and aluminum separation and alkali recirculation in treatment of laterite nickel ores containing chromium can be achieved by evaporation-crystallization, carbonation, caustic, and so forth.
(1) 1m2 high-efficiency rotating film evaporator is used to inspissate alkali solution from 30% to 50%. The study focuses on effects of heating temperature, feed flow and vacuum on complete solution concentration, evaporation intensity and total heat transfer coefficient, also gets the parameters of the best working condition.
(2) 1m2 high-efficiency rotating film evaporator is used to inspissate impurity purified alkali solution from 50% to 75%-80%. The study focuses on effects of heating temperature, feed flow and vacuum on complete solution concentration, evaporation intensity and total heat transfer coefficient, also optimizes the parameters of the working condition.
(3) Based on solubility of sodium carbonate, sodium chromate and sodium aluminate in NaOH and properties of sodium aluminate, rough crystal can be grained by evaporating and crystallizating filtrate and separating salts twice. Chromium and aluminum separation and alkali recirculation in treatment of laterite nickel ores containing chromium can be achieved by evaporation-crystallization, carbonation, caustic, and so forth.
(1)采用1m2高效旋转薄膜蒸发器,将30%的碱液蒸发浓缩至50%左右。重点考察加热温度、进料流量和真空度等参数对完成液浓度、蒸发强度和总传热系数的影响,并得出最佳工艺条件。
(2)采用1m2高效旋转薄膜蒸发器,将除杂净化后50%碱液蒸发浓缩至75%-80%。重点考察加热温度、进料流量和真空度等参数对完成液浓度、蒸发强度和总传热系数的影响,并对工艺条件进行优化。
(3)基于碳酸钠、铬酸钠、铝酸钠在NaOH溶液中溶解度以及铝酸钠性质的研究,采用蒸发结晶方式将逆流洗涤一级滤液中的混合物二次排盐进行初步分离得到粗晶。碳化沉铝、苛化等方法探讨浸出液中铬、铝分离规律,并实现碱液循环。
Sub-molten salt of potassium chromate cleaning process succeeded in solving the key technological difficulties in liquid phase oxidation and alkali-chromium-aluminum separation of key technology, which domestic and foreign similar technology can not solve. But the traditional lye boil is considered as hard to operate、insecure、inefficient and energy consumptive, which becomes a bottleneck in chromate cleaning process. Nickel laterite with high chromium by molten salt activation treatment produces raw leachate, whose components are complicated and difficult to separate, for it contains sodium hydroxide, sodium aluminate, sodium chromate, sodium carbonate and so on.
This study means to get the feasibility and optimal working condition by high-efficiency rotating film evaporator inspissating alkali solution instead of the traditional system of alkali solution boil. Chromium and aluminum separation and alkali recirculation in treatment of laterite nickel ores containing chromium can be achieved by evaporation-crystallization, carbonation, caustic, and so forth.
(1) 1m2 high-efficiency rotating film evaporator is used to inspissate alkali solution from 30% to 50%. The study focuses on effects of heating temperature, feed flow and vacuum on complete solution concentration, evaporation intensity and total heat transfer coefficient, also gets the parameters of the best working condition.
(2) 1m2 high-efficiency rotating film evaporator is used to inspissate impurity purified alkali solution from 50% to 75%-80%. The study focuses on effects of heating temperature, feed flow and vacuum on complete solution concentration, evaporation intensity and total heat transfer coefficient, also optimizes the parameters of the working condition.
(3) Based on solubility of sodium carbonate, sodium chromate and sodium aluminate in NaOH and properties of sodium aluminate, rough crystal can be grained by evaporating and crystallizating filtrate and separating salts twice. Chromium and aluminum separation and alkali recirculation in treatment of laterite nickel ores containing chromium can be achieved by evaporation-crystallization, carbonation, caustic, and so forth.
引文
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