白山金英金矿金的赋存状态及矿床成因探讨
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摘要
金英金矿位于吉林省东南部白山市境内。矿区大地构造位置位于中朝准地台北缘东段,铁岭—靖宇隆起与太子河—浑江陷褶断束接触界面凹陷侧。断裂构造是矿床的主要控矿因素。
本论文以金英金矿床为研究对象,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪对金矿物进行二次电子(SE)和特征X射线面扫描图像分析,研究了金矿中金在矿物中的分布和金含量与载体矿物的关系。研究表明,该矿床物质组成简单,属少量硫化物型,载金矿物以石英为主,主要矿石类型为硅化蚀变岩型和构造角砾岩型,金矿物种类有自然金、含银自然金和银金矿。以粒间金和包裹金为主要赋存形式。金矿物粒度较细。形态以粒状、麦粒状居多,金矿物成色较高。
同时,运用流体包裹体岩相学,流体包裹体温度测试等方法,对矿床包裹体特征进行了研究。研究表明,石英中包裹体多为气液两相型,形态以扁圆型和不规则为主,以小于10μm具多,气液比大多集中在0-15%范围内。也可见纯液相和气相包裹体,但数量较气液包裹体小的多。通过包裹体参数计算得到成矿温度在139.6-253.1℃,尤以150-210℃对成矿最为有利；成矿压力为33.6-65.6MPa,成矿深度为1.2-2.4km。盐度为1.74%-4.65%,属低盐度流体。
成矿流体中金主要以[AuH3SiO4]0的形式迁移。流体—岩石相互作用、流体的混合作用以及在此过程中的降温减压作用,可能是金英金矿床沉淀的有效机理。矿床成因属于中低温热液矿床。
The Jinying gold deposit located in Baishan city,Jilin province of southeastern China, whose geotectonic position laid in the eastern sector of the northern margin of the Sino-Korean platform, the sunken side of the interface between Tieling-Jingyu promontory and Taizi river-Hunjiang river concave. Faults were the main ore-controlling factors.
In this paper, Jinying gold deposit was chosen as the research target, gold distribution in ore minerals and the relationship between the content of gold and gold-bearing mineral were studied by means of second electron graphs with scan electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-Ray spectrometer. The results indicated that Jinying gold deposit was simple material composition and could be classified into low-sulfide type. The main gold-bearing mineral was quartz.The type of mineral ore was silicificated breccia and structural breccia mainly. Aurum occurred as nature gold, silver-bearing nature gold and electrum, inter-granular gold and inclusions were the main occurrence forms. The size of gold minerals was fine, the configuration of gold minerals were graininess and kernel, as well as with high fineness.
Meanwhile, the fluid inclusion geochemistry, together with geology characters, was studied also. Fluid inclusions in quartz were gas-liquid type in general and with the shape of oblate or anomalistic. Less sole-liquid or sole-gas types could be seen. By data calculation and determination of fluid inclusions, the physical and chemical conditions of ore-forming were found out:the ore-forming temperature was about 139.6℃to 235℃, pressure from 33.6to 65.6MPa, fluid salinity from 1.74% to 4.65% (NaCl).
The transformation of Au in ore-forming fluids was mainly in the form of [AuH3SiO4]0. Rock and water reaction, the mixing of fluids, and temperature and press lowing down probably may be a valid depositional mechanism of Au from the ore-forming fluids of Jinying gold deposit.
Above all, the deposit was considered as a low to moderate temperature hydrothermal type deposit.
本论文以金英金矿床为研究对象,采用扫描电镜和能谱仪对金矿物进行二次电子(SE)和特征X射线面扫描图像分析,研究了金矿中金在矿物中的分布和金含量与载体矿物的关系。研究表明,该矿床物质组成简单,属少量硫化物型,载金矿物以石英为主,主要矿石类型为硅化蚀变岩型和构造角砾岩型,金矿物种类有自然金、含银自然金和银金矿。以粒间金和包裹金为主要赋存形式。金矿物粒度较细。形态以粒状、麦粒状居多,金矿物成色较高。
同时,运用流体包裹体岩相学,流体包裹体温度测试等方法,对矿床包裹体特征进行了研究。研究表明,石英中包裹体多为气液两相型,形态以扁圆型和不规则为主,以小于10μm具多,气液比大多集中在0-15%范围内。也可见纯液相和气相包裹体,但数量较气液包裹体小的多。通过包裹体参数计算得到成矿温度在139.6-253.1℃,尤以150-210℃对成矿最为有利；成矿压力为33.6-65.6MPa,成矿深度为1.2-2.4km。盐度为1.74%-4.65%,属低盐度流体。
成矿流体中金主要以[AuH3SiO4]0的形式迁移。流体—岩石相互作用、流体的混合作用以及在此过程中的降温减压作用,可能是金英金矿床沉淀的有效机理。矿床成因属于中低温热液矿床。
The Jinying gold deposit located in Baishan city,Jilin province of southeastern China, whose geotectonic position laid in the eastern sector of the northern margin of the Sino-Korean platform, the sunken side of the interface between Tieling-Jingyu promontory and Taizi river-Hunjiang river concave. Faults were the main ore-controlling factors.
In this paper, Jinying gold deposit was chosen as the research target, gold distribution in ore minerals and the relationship between the content of gold and gold-bearing mineral were studied by means of second electron graphs with scan electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-Ray spectrometer. The results indicated that Jinying gold deposit was simple material composition and could be classified into low-sulfide type. The main gold-bearing mineral was quartz.The type of mineral ore was silicificated breccia and structural breccia mainly. Aurum occurred as nature gold, silver-bearing nature gold and electrum, inter-granular gold and inclusions were the main occurrence forms. The size of gold minerals was fine, the configuration of gold minerals were graininess and kernel, as well as with high fineness.
Meanwhile, the fluid inclusion geochemistry, together with geology characters, was studied also. Fluid inclusions in quartz were gas-liquid type in general and with the shape of oblate or anomalistic. Less sole-liquid or sole-gas types could be seen. By data calculation and determination of fluid inclusions, the physical and chemical conditions of ore-forming were found out:the ore-forming temperature was about 139.6℃to 235℃, pressure from 33.6to 65.6MPa, fluid salinity from 1.74% to 4.65% (NaCl).
The transformation of Au in ore-forming fluids was mainly in the form of [AuH3SiO4]0. Rock and water reaction, the mixing of fluids, and temperature and press lowing down probably may be a valid depositional mechanism of Au from the ore-forming fluids of Jinying gold deposit.
Above all, the deposit was considered as a low to moderate temperature hydrothermal type deposit.
引文
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[3]孙振亚,刘永康.卡林型金矿超显微金的分析电镜研究[J].电子显微学报：1993(2)
[4]李厚民,胡正国.青海五龙沟金矿床矿石、矿物及含金的赋存状态[J].矿物学报：2001(1)
[5]钱让清,杨晓勇,周文雅等.质子探针研究微细粒金的赋存状态及黄铁矿标型[J].中国科技大学学报：2002(4)
[6]熊英,林滨兰,郑存江等.综合分析技术在微细浸染型金矿金赋存状态研究中的应用[J].岩矿测试,2004(3)
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[17]刘洪川,梁海川,郑宗学.青海采石沟金矿地球化学特征及找矿方向[J].采矿技术,2005,5(4)：75-77
[18]张红军,叶义成,张霞.老柞山金矿床成矿模式和找矿方向的探讨[J].资源与矿产,2005,7(1)
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[21]姜启明,李岳.甘肃亚湾金矿微量元素特征及矿床剥蚀程度研究[J].甘肃地质学报,2005,14(1)
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[23]王义文.中国金矿床稳定同位素地球化学研究[J].地质找矿论丛,1993,8(2)
[24]李士先,王建收.胶东“玲珑-焦家式”金矿资源潜力与找矿[J].山东国土资源,2006,22(12)：36-41
[25]王克军.甘肃西秦岭甘加-八松地区金矿地球化学特征及找矿标志[J].甘肃冶金,2004,26(2)：58-61
[26]周奇明,杨忠芳.金牛山金矿床流体包裹体类型及其特征[J].地质与勘探,2002,38(2)
[27]刘纲.赤峰-朝阳地区金矿成矿物理化学条件研究[J].黄金地质,1996,2(4)：43-49
[28]曾庆栋,沈远超.海沟金矿区脉岩特征及其金矿成矿关系[J].贵金属地质,1999,8(2)
[29]赵永发,赵中学,高明珠,李景光.吉林省白山市板庙子金矿地质特征及找矿标志[J].吉林地质,2004,23(2)
[30]刘英俊,马东升,金的地球化学(M],科学出版社,1991年第一版
[31]贾建业,黄铁矿中金的赋存状态和存在形式研究[J1,西北地质,1996年17卷第3期
[32]张振儒.金矿研究[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社.1989
[33]张德会,龚庆杰.初论元素富集成矿的地球化学机理—以岩浆热液矿床的形成为例[J].地质地球化学,2001,29(3)
[34]张德会.成矿流体中金的沉淀机理研究述评[J].矿物岩石,1997,17(4)
[35]池国祥等.当前流体包裹体研究和应用概况[J].岩石学报,2003(2)
[36]聂荣峰,王旭东.赣南钨矿流体包裹体研究[J].矿产与地质,2007,21(3)
[37]Bodnar R J.Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O-NaCl solutions[J].Geochim cosmochim Acta.1993,57(3)
[38]刘斌,沈昆.流体包裹体热力学[M].北京：地质出版社,1999：23-277
[39]李清泉,房京宇,周永旭等.吉林白山金矿床岩石地球化学特征[J].地质与勘探：2007(1)
[40]张德会,刘伟,魏俊浩等.河南省西峡石板沟金矿成矿流体地球化学及矿床成因讨论[J].现代地质,199913(2)： 130-136
[41]张德会.成矿流体中金的沉淀机理研究述评[J].矿物岩石,1997,17(4)：122-130
[42]李绍儒,李强之,李文良,等.小秦岭金矿田矿床成因新认识[J].黄金地质,1998,4(1)：45-47
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