草原3号苜蓿新品种农艺性状及抗旱性评价研究
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摘要
草原3号苜蓿是从草原2号苜蓿群体中经十余年时间选择育成的一个杂花苜蓿新品种，已于2002年12月通过“全国牧草品种审定委员会”的审定，登记注册。本论文所做工作属该新品种选育的重要组成部分，具体内容是以其原始群体和其它几个苜蓿品种材料为对照，对草原3号的生物学性状、农艺性状、生长动态、地上及地下生物量分布、各物候期营养物质含量和苗期抗旱性等进行了较为系统的试验研究，以为新品种的注册登记提供品种比较试验，区域试验和生产试验等资料。研究结果表明：
1．草原3号群体内杂花率高达71.96％，杂种优势显著，干草和种子产量显著高于同期种植原始品种；品质优良，初花期植株粗蛋白质含量18.86％；生育期120d左右，年刈割三次以上，在内蒙古中部和西部地区生长良好。综合营养物质含量和干草产量二个因素，最适利用期为现蕾至初花期；初花期前株型较直立，根系发达抗性强，是一个适于北方干旱、半干旱地区种植的优良苜蓿新品种。
2．新品种苗期抗旱性较强，通过根冠比、相对损伤率、细胞膜相对透性、游离脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性等指标综合评价，其抗旱性强于草原1号、草原2号、德国苜蓿和阿尔岗金四个品种(材料)，次于敖汉苜蓿。
The new alfalfa variety (Medicago varia Martin.cv.caoyuanNo3). is a hybrid which was selected from alfalfa caoyuan No.2 population by Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. The strain test,regional test and productive test was completed in three places, a numbers of foundation seed was reproducted. The biologic characreristics, agronomical performance, growth dynamic change, under-ground and above-ground biomass ,the content of nutrient material and drought resistance were studied. The results show that the new .variety has high yield and good quality because of the obvious hybrid vigor in the population. The rate of multicolored flowers in whole population is about 71.96%. The CP cousitents at tihe beginning of flowering is about 18.86% . The growing period continue about 120 days. The strain has exteremily drought and cold resistance. So it is suitable in the arid and semi-arid regions in northern areas of china. Forthmore, the appropriate agronomic measures were discussed.
The new variety and the other five alfalfa varieties(strains) were compaired on their ability of drought resistance in seedling stage. The ratio of under ground biomass to above ground biomass, the ratio of relative growth of seedling, relative electrical conduction, content of free proline and POD activity were determined. The initial conclusion was given that the sequence of drought resistance ability of all these varieties(strains) is as follows: M saliva L.cv.Aohan > M varia Marrin.cv.CaoyuanNo3 > M varia Martin.cv.CaoyuanNo1 > M varia Martin.cv.CaoyuanNo2 > the Alfalfa strain from Germany > M saliva L.cv. Algonquin.
1．草原3号群体内杂花率高达71.96％，杂种优势显著，干草和种子产量显著高于同期种植原始品种；品质优良，初花期植株粗蛋白质含量18.86％；生育期120d左右，年刈割三次以上，在内蒙古中部和西部地区生长良好。综合营养物质含量和干草产量二个因素，最适利用期为现蕾至初花期；初花期前株型较直立，根系发达抗性强，是一个适于北方干旱、半干旱地区种植的优良苜蓿新品种。
2．新品种苗期抗旱性较强，通过根冠比、相对损伤率、细胞膜相对透性、游离脯氨酸含量和过氧化物酶活性等指标综合评价，其抗旱性强于草原1号、草原2号、德国苜蓿和阿尔岗金四个品种(材料)，次于敖汉苜蓿。
The new alfalfa variety (Medicago varia Martin.cv.caoyuanNo3). is a hybrid which was selected from alfalfa caoyuan No.2 population by Inner Mongolia Agricultural University. The strain test,regional test and productive test was completed in three places, a numbers of foundation seed was reproducted. The biologic characreristics, agronomical performance, growth dynamic change, under-ground and above-ground biomass ,the content of nutrient material and drought resistance were studied. The results show that the new .variety has high yield and good quality because of the obvious hybrid vigor in the population. The rate of multicolored flowers in whole population is about 71.96%. The CP cousitents at tihe beginning of flowering is about 18.86% . The growing period continue about 120 days. The strain has exteremily drought and cold resistance. So it is suitable in the arid and semi-arid regions in northern areas of china. Forthmore, the appropriate agronomic measures were discussed.
The new variety and the other five alfalfa varieties(strains) were compaired on their ability of drought resistance in seedling stage. The ratio of under ground biomass to above ground biomass, the ratio of relative growth of seedling, relative electrical conduction, content of free proline and POD activity were determined. The initial conclusion was given that the sequence of drought resistance ability of all these varieties(strains) is as follows: M saliva L.cv.Aohan > M varia Marrin.cv.CaoyuanNo3 > M varia Martin.cv.CaoyuanNo1 > M varia Martin.cv.CaoyuanNo2 > the Alfalfa strain from Germany > M saliva L.cv. Algonquin.
引文
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2云锦凤主编，牧草及饲料作物育种学[M]，中国农业出版社，2001
3米福贵，云锦凤．苜蓿遗传改良的进展与前景[J]．首届中国苜蓿发展大会论文集,P26-28
4内蒙古农牧学院，牧草与饲料作物栽培学[M]，农业出版社，1990
5云锦凤，米福贵，苜蓿饲草的收获与利用[C]，首届中国苜蓿发展大会，2000，116-118
6苏加楷．中国苜蓿育种的回顾与展望[J]．首届中国苜蓿发展大会论文集
7全国牧草品种审定委员会，中国牧草登记品种集[M]，中国农业大学出版社，1999
8吴永敷，黄花苜蓿与紫花苜蓿种间杂交育种研究报告[J]，中国草原，1979(1)，27-33
9米福贵，云锦凤，草原三号杂花苜蓿新品系选育报告，2002
10陈宝书主编，草原学与牧草学实习实验指导书[M]，甘肃科学技术出版社，1991
11内蒙古农牧学院畜牧系编，饲料化学成分分析手册，1983
12裴喜春，薛河儒，SAS及应用[M]中国农业出版社1997
13中国农科院畜牧所饲料室，农牧渔业部畜牧局草原处，Clarence H．Hanson．et al，苜蓿的科学与技术[C]，中国草原学会文集第2辑，1986
14刘祖祺，张石城．植物抗性生理学[M]．中国农业出版社，1994
15庞士铨．植物逆境生理学基础[M]．东北林业大学出版社,1990
16O．L朗格，L．卡彭，E．D舒尔策．水分与植物生活[M]．科学出版社，1985
17裴英杰，郑家玲，庚红，用于玉米品种抗旱性鉴定的生理生化指标[J]华北农学报，1992，7(1)，31-35
18Singh T.N.et al. Proline accumulation and varietal adaptation to drought in barley; a potential metabolic measure of drought resistance[J].Nature New Biology. 1972.236(67).188-190
19马宗仁，郭博，短芒披碱草和老芒麦在水分胁迫下游离脯氨酸积累的研究——植物的抗旱性与脯氨酸积累能力关系的标准[J]，中国草地，1991，No．4，P．12-16
20张力君，毕业论文[D]，1985
21Hanson A.D.et al. Evaluation of free proline accumulation as an index of drought resistance using two contrasting barley cultivars [J].Crop Science. 1977.17.720-726
22张志良，主编，植物生理学试验指导[M]，高等教育出版社，1990
23周瑞莲，张承烈，金巨和，水分胁迫下紫花苜蓿叶片含水量、质膜透性、SOD、CAT活
性变化与抗旱性关系研究[J]，中国草地，1991，No．2,P．20-24
24易津，谷安琳，贾光宏，吴萧，赖草属牧草幼苗耐旱性生理基础的研究[J]，干旱区资源与环境，2001/12，Vol．15，No．5，P47-50
25王金玲，张宪政，苏正淑，小麦对干旱的生理反应及抗性机理[J]，国外农学—麦类作物，1994/5，P44-46
26蒋明义，荆家海，王韶唐，渗透胁迫对水稻幼苗膜脂过氧化及体内保护系统的影响[J]，植物生理学报，1991，17(1)，80-84
27Dhinsa RS.Dhindsa PP.Thorpe TA. PP.Correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxidafion dismutase and catalase[J].J Exp Bot 1981.32.93
28王霞，侯平，尹林克，朱天武，土壤水分胁迫对柽柳体内膜保护酶及膜脂过氧化的影响[J]，干旱区研究，2002/9，Vol．19，No．3，P17-20
29任君，牧草抗旱性综合评价指标体系的AHP模型设计与应用研究[J]，草业学报，1999/9，P34-40
30李造哲，10种苜蓿品种幼苗抗旱性的研究[J]，中国草地，1991，No．3，P．1-3
31云锦凤，高卫华．四种冰草属牧草苗期抗早性研究[J]．中国草地，1991，增刊,P1-7
32陈世潢，张昊，王立群，占布拉，赵萌莉，中国北方草地植物根系[M]，吉林大学出版社2001
33王彦荣，任继周，孙建华，余玲，南志标，李春杰，聂斌，苜蓿新品种特异性、一致性和稳定性测试指南初报[J]，草业科学2002/9，Vol．19，No．9，P16-23
34孙启忠，桂荣，那日苏，我国西北地区苜蓿种子产业化发展优势与对策[J]，草业科学2000/4 P65-69
35葛正焱，吴云荃，苜蓿规模种植、生产和加工的几个问题[J]，中国草地2000/1，P70-72
36张玉发，王庆锁，苏加楷，试论中国苜蓿产业化[J]，中国草地，2000/1，P64-69
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