奶牛体征检测系统的设计与实现
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摘要
随着奶牛养殖规模不断扩大,传统的人工饲养已不适应现代奶牛养殖发展的要求,奶牛养殖业要向现代化、科学化的方向发展,这需要技术先进、性能优良的设备来帮助实现。
当前我国奶牛养殖存在着各种各样的问题,其中奶牛发情检测难就是其中之一。奶牛发情检测是养好奶牛的重要环节,这项工作做得不好,将直接影响奶牛产犊间隔,增加饲养成本和降低繁殖率,减少奶牛养殖的经济效益。当前我国绝大部分奶牛养殖还是依然采用传统的人工观察加经验判断的方式对奶牛发情进行识别,其劳动强度大、生产效率低下可想而知,且经常会发生漏情和发情时间鉴别不准,直接造成奶牛养殖的经济损失。
为促进奶牛养殖业的健康发展,提高奶牛养殖的经济效益。本文在查阅大量文献资料和结合当前我国内生产实际需要的基础上,提出了建立一适用于国内中小规模奶牛养殖的奶牛体征数据采集系统。系统设计参照了国外已相对成熟的技术,通过采集奶牛个体体温和日常活动量的方法来监测奶牛身体状况,为今后的奶牛发情监测系统的建立做出了初步探讨。本文设计并实现了整个数据采集系统。该系统由下位机(数据采集器)、中心机(数据转发器)和上位机(PC机服务器)组成。通过传感器和电子器件检测奶牛体温和身体活动两项生理参数,系统通信采用了无线射频通信技术和有线通信相结合的方式。
系统设计依据低成本、低功耗、高可靠性的原则,采用新型超低功耗单片机MSP430为下位机采集装置的核心,极大的降低了系统的功耗,系统数据采集模块选用了先进的传感器,电路设计简单,占用I/O较少,使系统接线简单可靠性提高。系统下位机软件开发使用的C语言是一种结构化程序设计语言,它兼顾了多种高级语言的特点,且具备汇编语言的功能,用C语言编写软件,大大缩短了开发周期,并且增加程序的可读性,便于改进和扩充,从而研制出规模更大,性能更完备的系统。
本设计利用现代计算机技术、电子技术和无线通信技术,把现代科学技术运用到奶牛养殖业,适应了当前国内的需要和发展。系统以奶牛个体为监测对象,除可以应用在奶牛外,经过一定改进还可以应用到其它动物或其它方面的监测,有很好的应用前景。
With the continuing enlargement of dairy cattle breeding, the traditional method, which bred the cow artificially, is no more appropriate for modern cow breeding. Diary cow breeding should develop to modern and scientific direction, which needs the help of advanced technology and excellent equipment.
Now there are many kinds of problems in cow breeding. The problem that the detection of cow oestrus is difficult in detecting is one of all the problems. The detection of cow oestrus is an important link, which can effect on dairy cattle calving interval. If the detection is done badly, which would increase the cost of feeding, decrease reproductive rate and reduce the economic benefit. The most user of cow feeding still detects cow oestrus by use of the traditional method, which depends on the man's observation and judgment with the aid of experience. It is obvious that the detecting method is hard to operator and the efficiency is low. So the users are often meet with the miss of detection or the wrong result of detection. It can directly cause the loss of economy. To promote the healthy development of cow breeding and advance the economic benefit, this paper present that build a system for detecting the signs of dairy cattle on the base of reading a great deal of literature and datum and a study of practical requirement. The design refers the mature technology abroad. This paper puts forward the scheme that cow signs can be detected by collecting the cow's body temperature and the amount of daily life activity, which makes out preliminary discussion in the future. This paper designs and builds the system. The system is composed of lower computer、center computer and host computer. Sensors detect the cow's physiological parameters of body temperature and activity. The system communication adopts the radio frequency communication technology and wire communication.
On the base of low cost、low power and high reliability, MSP430 that is one new type micro controller with ultra-low power consumption is used for the core of acquisition device. MSP430 can greatly reduce the power consumption of the system. The advanced sensor、simple circuit and less occupancy of input and output port make system more easy in wiring and reliable of hardware. The soft design of lower computer uses C language. C language is a structured programming language. It is compatible to various characters of high-level programming language and has the function of assembly language. The software is written in C language, which greatly shorten the development cycle and improve the readability of lower computer software. Then the system is easy to be improved and extended in order to develop the superior performances.
By using modern computer's technology、electronic technology and wireless communication technology, this design apply the modern science technology to dairy cow breeding, which adapt the requirement of development at home. The system monitors single body status of cow. This system can be used not only for cow, but also other animals or aspects by certain modification. So this system has good practical value and applied prospect.
当前我国奶牛养殖存在着各种各样的问题,其中奶牛发情检测难就是其中之一。奶牛发情检测是养好奶牛的重要环节,这项工作做得不好,将直接影响奶牛产犊间隔,增加饲养成本和降低繁殖率,减少奶牛养殖的经济效益。当前我国绝大部分奶牛养殖还是依然采用传统的人工观察加经验判断的方式对奶牛发情进行识别,其劳动强度大、生产效率低下可想而知,且经常会发生漏情和发情时间鉴别不准,直接造成奶牛养殖的经济损失。
为促进奶牛养殖业的健康发展,提高奶牛养殖的经济效益。本文在查阅大量文献资料和结合当前我国内生产实际需要的基础上,提出了建立一适用于国内中小规模奶牛养殖的奶牛体征数据采集系统。系统设计参照了国外已相对成熟的技术,通过采集奶牛个体体温和日常活动量的方法来监测奶牛身体状况,为今后的奶牛发情监测系统的建立做出了初步探讨。本文设计并实现了整个数据采集系统。该系统由下位机(数据采集器)、中心机(数据转发器)和上位机(PC机服务器)组成。通过传感器和电子器件检测奶牛体温和身体活动两项生理参数,系统通信采用了无线射频通信技术和有线通信相结合的方式。
系统设计依据低成本、低功耗、高可靠性的原则,采用新型超低功耗单片机MSP430为下位机采集装置的核心,极大的降低了系统的功耗,系统数据采集模块选用了先进的传感器,电路设计简单,占用I/O较少,使系统接线简单可靠性提高。系统下位机软件开发使用的C语言是一种结构化程序设计语言,它兼顾了多种高级语言的特点,且具备汇编语言的功能,用C语言编写软件,大大缩短了开发周期,并且增加程序的可读性,便于改进和扩充,从而研制出规模更大,性能更完备的系统。
本设计利用现代计算机技术、电子技术和无线通信技术,把现代科学技术运用到奶牛养殖业,适应了当前国内的需要和发展。系统以奶牛个体为监测对象,除可以应用在奶牛外,经过一定改进还可以应用到其它动物或其它方面的监测,有很好的应用前景。
With the continuing enlargement of dairy cattle breeding, the traditional method, which bred the cow artificially, is no more appropriate for modern cow breeding. Diary cow breeding should develop to modern and scientific direction, which needs the help of advanced technology and excellent equipment.
Now there are many kinds of problems in cow breeding. The problem that the detection of cow oestrus is difficult in detecting is one of all the problems. The detection of cow oestrus is an important link, which can effect on dairy cattle calving interval. If the detection is done badly, which would increase the cost of feeding, decrease reproductive rate and reduce the economic benefit. The most user of cow feeding still detects cow oestrus by use of the traditional method, which depends on the man's observation and judgment with the aid of experience. It is obvious that the detecting method is hard to operator and the efficiency is low. So the users are often meet with the miss of detection or the wrong result of detection. It can directly cause the loss of economy. To promote the healthy development of cow breeding and advance the economic benefit, this paper present that build a system for detecting the signs of dairy cattle on the base of reading a great deal of literature and datum and a study of practical requirement. The design refers the mature technology abroad. This paper puts forward the scheme that cow signs can be detected by collecting the cow's body temperature and the amount of daily life activity, which makes out preliminary discussion in the future. This paper designs and builds the system. The system is composed of lower computer、center computer and host computer. Sensors detect the cow's physiological parameters of body temperature and activity. The system communication adopts the radio frequency communication technology and wire communication.
On the base of low cost、low power and high reliability, MSP430 that is one new type micro controller with ultra-low power consumption is used for the core of acquisition device. MSP430 can greatly reduce the power consumption of the system. The advanced sensor、simple circuit and less occupancy of input and output port make system more easy in wiring and reliable of hardware. The soft design of lower computer uses C language. C language is a structured programming language. It is compatible to various characters of high-level programming language and has the function of assembly language. The software is written in C language, which greatly shorten the development cycle and improve the readability of lower computer software. Then the system is easy to be improved and extended in order to develop the superior performances.
By using modern computer's technology、electronic technology and wireless communication technology, this design apply the modern science technology to dairy cow breeding, which adapt the requirement of development at home. The system monitors single body status of cow. This system can be used not only for cow, but also other animals or aspects by certain modification. So this system has good practical value and applied prospect.
引文
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[10]朱益民,李勇欢.用信息技术提升西部奶牛产业[J].中国奶牛.2002年第1期:14-17
[11]娄立华 柴国祥.赴以色列考察奶牛饲养业情况汇报[J].北京奶牛.1998(1):18-20
[12]黄长刚.现代化美国奶牛场[J].中国奶牛.2006年第1期:57-58
[13]汪懋华.实现现代集约持续农业的工程科学技术--以色列、荷兰科技考察观感.中国农业工程学报.1998,14(3):1-9
[14]PeraltaO A,PearsonR E,NebelR L.Comparison of three estrus detection systems during summer in a large commercial dairy herd[J].Animal Reproduction Science.2005,87:59-72.
[15]王学恩,何洪伟,陈松江牛发情期体温变化初探.中国兽医杂志.1998,24(10):32-33
[16]Dr.M.A.Varner.Anestrus and Estrous Detection Aids[J].Dairy Sci.58:248,1979.
[17]成勇,王姓龙,朱吉勤.牛排卵遥测器的研制和应用[J].江苏农学院学报.1995,16(2):69-72
[18]李晓玲.通讯接口专题综述[J].攀枝花学院学报.2004,21(4):89-93
[19]张晓健,李伟,张小雨.MSP430和nRF905的无线数传系统设计[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用.2006(2):68-70
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[22]胡大可.MSP430系列单片机C语言程序设计与开发.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003.
[23]张雄伟,陈亮,徐光辉.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[24]胡大可.MSP430系列超低功耗16位单片机原理与应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2000.
[25]Texas Instruments.MSP430x12x Mixed Signal Microcontroller.Product Datasheet,July 2001.
[26]沈建华.MSP430系列16位超低功耗单片机原理与应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社.2004.
[27]胡大可.MSP430系列FLASH型超低功耗16位单片机[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2001.
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[30]柳猛,王大志.射频无线技术在TPMS中的应用[J].电子技术.2007(7、8):127-130
[31]迅通科技.无线收发芯片的选用[EB/OL].http://www.freqchina.com/page_7.htm,2008-3-26
[32]Nordic VLSI ASA.433MHz Single Chip RF Transceiver nRF401.Revl.6.Product Datasheet,February 2002.
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