宁波港集装箱船舶防抗台风的研究
摘要
步入21世纪,世界经济稳步增长,有资料显示,水路运输承担了各国外贸运输的绝大部分,与此同时,尽管当今的造船技术和航海技术不断发展,风浪预报水平也不断提高,但海上复杂多变的天气条件和难以预测的台风仍是船舶航行安全的威胁之一,由于水文气象条件恶劣造成的海上重大人身伤亡事故和重大财产损失事故时有发生,给航运界造成了严重影响。
近年来世界集装箱运输业发展迅速,而一些海上事故也给航海人士敲响了警钟,例如2006年台风“桑美”侵袭,停泊的952艘避风船只损毁沉没；2005年“麦莎”台风中也给生产生命安全带来了很大的损失。
宁波港位于我国东部沿海,又处于我国海岸线的中段,每年都要受到台风的影响。特殊的地理位置,恶劣的天气环境对宁波港集装箱船舶作业安全构成严重威胁,进而导致海上事故的发生,因此对宁波港集装箱船舶防抗台风进行研究是十分必要的。
本文通过收集宁波港集装箱船舶相关资料,分析影响宁波港水域的台风,结合宁波港现有的防台规定及应急措施,提出集装箱船舶具体避台措施,并最终建立宁波港集装箱船舶防抗台风应急预案,最后得到宁波港集装箱船舶面对台风影响所采取的有效避台措施的可行性方案。本文为宁波港确定出符合宁波港特点的抗风避台措施,提出宁波港防抗台风的应急预案,进而更好地帮助集装箱船舶和港口码头规避危险、保证安全,促进宁波港整体又快又好发展。
With the steady development of the world economy in 21 century,the data shows that waterway transportation has undertaken most of foreign trade transportation. At the same time,although today's shipbuilding technology and navigation technology advance rapidly,and the forecast level of wind and waves is also rising,complicated and changeable weather conditions and unpredictable typhoon on sea are still the major threat to the navigation safety of the ship. Accidents of significant personal injury and death and property losses which caused by serious hydro-meteorological conditions occur from time to time.
In recent years world container transportation develops rapidly,but some incidents at sea are a wake-up call to the seamen. For example,in 2006,typhoon "Saomai" attacked,952 parking sheltered vessels damaged; in 2005,typhoon "Matsa" also brought a lot of loss to manufacture and life.
Ningbo Port is in the eastern coast of China,also middle of China's coastline, which is attacked by typhoon every year. Special geographical location and bad weather conditions cause a serious threat on the operational safety of Container ships in Ningbo Port,which lead to the occurrence of accidents at sea. Therefore,the study on container Ship's prevention and resistance of typhoon is necessary.
This article will collect information of container ship in Ningbo Port,analyze on the typhoon which attacks Ningbo port,combine of the existing regulations and emergency measures against typhoon in Ningbo port,propose specific measures to against typhoon for container ship,and establish the emergency plan about prevention and resistance of typhoon for container ship,finally make a Feasibility plan which can help Ningbo ort taking effective measures.This article proposes measures to against typhoon basing on the characteristics of Ningbo port,and establishes the emergency plan about prevention and resistance of typhoon.which helps container ships and port to avoid risk,ensure safety and promote Ningbo port's rapid and healthy development.
近年来世界集装箱运输业发展迅速,而一些海上事故也给航海人士敲响了警钟,例如2006年台风“桑美”侵袭,停泊的952艘避风船只损毁沉没；2005年“麦莎”台风中也给生产生命安全带来了很大的损失。
宁波港位于我国东部沿海,又处于我国海岸线的中段,每年都要受到台风的影响。特殊的地理位置,恶劣的天气环境对宁波港集装箱船舶作业安全构成严重威胁,进而导致海上事故的发生,因此对宁波港集装箱船舶防抗台风进行研究是十分必要的。
本文通过收集宁波港集装箱船舶相关资料,分析影响宁波港水域的台风,结合宁波港现有的防台规定及应急措施,提出集装箱船舶具体避台措施,并最终建立宁波港集装箱船舶防抗台风应急预案,最后得到宁波港集装箱船舶面对台风影响所采取的有效避台措施的可行性方案。本文为宁波港确定出符合宁波港特点的抗风避台措施,提出宁波港防抗台风的应急预案,进而更好地帮助集装箱船舶和港口码头规避危险、保证安全,促进宁波港整体又快又好发展。
With the steady development of the world economy in 21 century,the data shows that waterway transportation has undertaken most of foreign trade transportation. At the same time,although today's shipbuilding technology and navigation technology advance rapidly,and the forecast level of wind and waves is also rising,complicated and changeable weather conditions and unpredictable typhoon on sea are still the major threat to the navigation safety of the ship. Accidents of significant personal injury and death and property losses which caused by serious hydro-meteorological conditions occur from time to time.
In recent years world container transportation develops rapidly,but some incidents at sea are a wake-up call to the seamen. For example,in 2006,typhoon "Saomai" attacked,952 parking sheltered vessels damaged; in 2005,typhoon "Matsa" also brought a lot of loss to manufacture and life.
Ningbo Port is in the eastern coast of China,also middle of China's coastline, which is attacked by typhoon every year. Special geographical location and bad weather conditions cause a serious threat on the operational safety of Container ships in Ningbo Port,which lead to the occurrence of accidents at sea. Therefore,the study on container Ship's prevention and resistance of typhoon is necessary.
This article will collect information of container ship in Ningbo Port,analyze on the typhoon which attacks Ningbo port,combine of the existing regulations and emergency measures against typhoon in Ningbo port,propose specific measures to against typhoon for container ship,and establish the emergency plan about prevention and resistance of typhoon for container ship,finally make a Feasibility plan which can help Ningbo ort taking effective measures.This article proposes measures to against typhoon basing on the characteristics of Ningbo port,and establishes the emergency plan about prevention and resistance of typhoon.which helps container ships and port to avoid risk,ensure safety and promote Ningbo port's rapid and healthy development.
引文
[1]http://baike.baidu.com/view/136913.htm
[2]福建省防抗超强台风“桑美”回顾.《中国防汛抗旱》2006.
[3]何易培.浙江沿海及主要港口航行示意图.大连：大连海事大学出版社.2008.
[4]何易培.浙江沿海及主要港口航行指南.大连：大连海事大学出版社.2008.
[5]陈伟.基于实测海洋环境数据库的集装箱船耐波性预报研究.上海交通大学(硕士论文).2008：10-13.
[6]陈家辉.航海气象学与海洋学.大连：大连海事大学出版社.1999.
[7]郭禹.航海学.大连：大连海事大学出版社.1998.
[8]中国沿海航行里程表.中国人民解放军航海保证部.
[9]李栖筠,张永宁等.中国主要远洋航线危险天气预报.大连：大连海事大学出版社.2005.
[10]赵怀森,等.台风危险大风海区的避离.中国航海学会海洋船舶驾驶专业委员会海浪与船舶航行安全及防台风经验研讨会论文集[C],1998：169-174.
[11]金涛,陈建光,沈莲.宁波港集装箱年吞吐量将突破700万标箱[N],浙江日报,2006(12).
[12]洪碧光.船舶操纵原理与技术.大连：大连海事大学出版社,2007.
[13]古文贤.船舶操纵.大连：大连海运学院出版社.1993.
[14]中国港口指南(第二册).中国人民解放军航海保证部.
[15]宁波海事局.调研资料.2008.
[16]李英,陈联寿,张胜军.登陆我国的热带气旋统计特征.《热带气象学报》.2004.
[17]程昌华.航道工程学.人民交通出版社.1999.
[18]中国航路指南(东海海区).中国人民解放军航海保证部.
[19]张运杰.模糊数学基础,第一版.1996,大连海事大学自编讲义：67-72.
[20]佘廉,王超,龚道平等.水运交通灾害预警管理.河北：河北科学技术出版社,2004.
[21]王容.船舶进出宁波港分道通航方案.宁波大学学报.2003,03.
[22]李志玉.锚泊船安全性评价.《中国水运》.2008.
[23]刘桂云.宁波港AIS通信网络构建.水运工程.2004,01.
[24]彭祖赠,孙韫玉.模糊数学及其应用.武汉大学出版社.2002年
[25]杨兴忠.进出宁波港港口资料及航法.天津航海.2006,03.
[26]王洪修,金良安,石侃,高占胜.风浪对船舶的影响及操纵方法研究[A].海浪海啸与实用航海技术[C],2006.
[27]《宁波市防台风应急预案》.2006
[28]中华人民共和国海事局.通航管理.北京：人民交通出版社,2006.
[29]许广岩.关于开辟宁波—舟山第二通道的研究：(硕士论文).大连：大连海事大学,2007.
[30]吴秀恒.船舶操纵性与耐波性.北京：人民交通出版社.1999.
[31]宁波北仑矿石码头及周边水域交通流组织方案
[32]张杰.部分航路能见度不良情况下船舶进出港研究.大连海事大学硕士学位论文.2009,5.
[33]宁波海事局辖区海上恶劣气象、海况预警预控实施方案
[34]绍强.疏浚虾峙门外航道,提高舟山宁波两港功能.港口纵横.1998.
[35]吴兆麟.海上交通工程.大连：大连海运学院出版社,1993.
[36]刘大刚,吴兆麟,李国平.船舶绕避热带气旋技术方法述评.航海技术.2004
[37]翁国玲.浅论船舶避让热带气旋.《科技信息》.2007.
[38]张仁桥.以软实力打造宁波-舟山港.浙江经济.2006,03.
[39]邓海渊.矿井安全生产模糊综合评判系统的研究.硕士学位论文：中国矿业大学.2008.
[40]卢军.宁波-舟山纳入国家新一轮国家战略的研究报告.经济丛刊.2006,01.
[41]徐吕文.模糊数学在船舶工程中的应用,第一版,1992,国防工业出版社,124-131.
[42]Hoof t, J. P.,"The behaviour of a ship in head waves at restricted water depth",International Shipbuilding Progress,No.244,Vol.21,1974, pp.367.
[43]J·Hagan, M·Crawshaw. Personality Factors and Ship Handling Behaviors, The Journal of Navigation, P202-206.
[44]Meteorological Office.Meteorology at Sea. London:Her Majesty's Stationery Office,1983.
[45]DUAN A i-yuan. ZHAO Yao. Assessment of traffic safety state of ship based on uncertain measure.Joural of Southwest Jiaotong University (English Edition) 2006.3
[46]W. J.Kotsch. Weather for the Mariner. Annapolis,Maryland Naval Institute Press,1983.
[47]Rother D.(1980),"Ship Casualties-An analysis of Causes and Circumstances". The Institute of Shipping Economics.Brehmen:Germany.
[48]Nagatsuka S.(1993) "Analysis of World/Japan's Shipping Casualties and Future Prospect Thereof. Japan Marine Research Institute. Report No:47"
[51]Meteorological Office. Meteorology at Sea. London:Her Majesty's Stationery Office,1983.
[52]R.Sanderson.Meteorolgy at Sea. London:Stanford Maritime,1982.
[53]W. J.Kotsch. Weather for the Mariner. Annapolis, Maryland Naval Institute Press,1983.
[54]VTS guide for user maritime safety administration of P.R.C 1999.
[55]Cockcroft A N.Routeing in English Channel.Journal of Navigation, 1981,34(3):392-401.
[56]Principles of forecasting:handbook for researchers and practitioners[M]. Kluwer Academic Publisher,2001.
[57]中国港口网http://www.chineseport.cn/
[58]中华人民共和国交通运输部.《2008中国航运发展报告》.2009.8.
[59]中华人民共和国交通运输部.《2009中国航运发展报告》.2010.7.
[60]IHO S-57 Transfer standard for digital hydrogaphic data. Edition 3.Monaco:HIB,1996.
[61]乔归民.从集装箱船大风浪航行实践探讨安全航行[A].1995-1997中国航海学会海洋船舶驾驶专业论文集[C],1997：62-65.
[2]福建省防抗超强台风“桑美”回顾.《中国防汛抗旱》2006.
[3]何易培.浙江沿海及主要港口航行示意图.大连：大连海事大学出版社.2008.
[4]何易培.浙江沿海及主要港口航行指南.大连：大连海事大学出版社.2008.
[5]陈伟.基于实测海洋环境数据库的集装箱船耐波性预报研究.上海交通大学(硕士论文).2008：10-13.
[6]陈家辉.航海气象学与海洋学.大连：大连海事大学出版社.1999.
[7]郭禹.航海学.大连：大连海事大学出版社.1998.
[8]中国沿海航行里程表.中国人民解放军航海保证部.
[9]李栖筠,张永宁等.中国主要远洋航线危险天气预报.大连：大连海事大学出版社.2005.
[10]赵怀森,等.台风危险大风海区的避离.中国航海学会海洋船舶驾驶专业委员会海浪与船舶航行安全及防台风经验研讨会论文集[C],1998：169-174.
[11]金涛,陈建光,沈莲.宁波港集装箱年吞吐量将突破700万标箱[N],浙江日报,2006(12).
[12]洪碧光.船舶操纵原理与技术.大连：大连海事大学出版社,2007.
[13]古文贤.船舶操纵.大连：大连海运学院出版社.1993.
[14]中国港口指南(第二册).中国人民解放军航海保证部.
[15]宁波海事局.调研资料.2008.
[16]李英,陈联寿,张胜军.登陆我国的热带气旋统计特征.《热带气象学报》.2004.
[17]程昌华.航道工程学.人民交通出版社.1999.
[18]中国航路指南(东海海区).中国人民解放军航海保证部.
[19]张运杰.模糊数学基础,第一版.1996,大连海事大学自编讲义：67-72.
[20]佘廉,王超,龚道平等.水运交通灾害预警管理.河北：河北科学技术出版社,2004.
[21]王容.船舶进出宁波港分道通航方案.宁波大学学报.2003,03.
[22]李志玉.锚泊船安全性评价.《中国水运》.2008.
[23]刘桂云.宁波港AIS通信网络构建.水运工程.2004,01.
[24]彭祖赠,孙韫玉.模糊数学及其应用.武汉大学出版社.2002年
[25]杨兴忠.进出宁波港港口资料及航法.天津航海.2006,03.
[26]王洪修,金良安,石侃,高占胜.风浪对船舶的影响及操纵方法研究[A].海浪海啸与实用航海技术[C],2006.
[27]《宁波市防台风应急预案》.2006
[28]中华人民共和国海事局.通航管理.北京：人民交通出版社,2006.
[29]许广岩.关于开辟宁波—舟山第二通道的研究：(硕士论文).大连：大连海事大学,2007.
[30]吴秀恒.船舶操纵性与耐波性.北京：人民交通出版社.1999.
[31]宁波北仑矿石码头及周边水域交通流组织方案
[32]张杰.部分航路能见度不良情况下船舶进出港研究.大连海事大学硕士学位论文.2009,5.
[33]宁波海事局辖区海上恶劣气象、海况预警预控实施方案
[34]绍强.疏浚虾峙门外航道,提高舟山宁波两港功能.港口纵横.1998.
[35]吴兆麟.海上交通工程.大连：大连海运学院出版社,1993.
[36]刘大刚,吴兆麟,李国平.船舶绕避热带气旋技术方法述评.航海技术.2004
[37]翁国玲.浅论船舶避让热带气旋.《科技信息》.2007.
[38]张仁桥.以软实力打造宁波-舟山港.浙江经济.2006,03.
[39]邓海渊.矿井安全生产模糊综合评判系统的研究.硕士学位论文：中国矿业大学.2008.
[40]卢军.宁波-舟山纳入国家新一轮国家战略的研究报告.经济丛刊.2006,01.
[41]徐吕文.模糊数学在船舶工程中的应用,第一版,1992,国防工业出版社,124-131.
[42]Hoof t, J. P.,"The behaviour of a ship in head waves at restricted water depth",International Shipbuilding Progress,No.244,Vol.21,1974, pp.367.
[43]J·Hagan, M·Crawshaw. Personality Factors and Ship Handling Behaviors, The Journal of Navigation, P202-206.
[44]Meteorological Office.Meteorology at Sea. London:Her Majesty's Stationery Office,1983.
[45]DUAN A i-yuan. ZHAO Yao. Assessment of traffic safety state of ship based on uncertain measure.Joural of Southwest Jiaotong University (English Edition) 2006.3
[46]W. J.Kotsch. Weather for the Mariner. Annapolis,Maryland Naval Institute Press,1983.
[47]Rother D.(1980),"Ship Casualties-An analysis of Causes and Circumstances". The Institute of Shipping Economics.Brehmen:Germany.
[48]Nagatsuka S.(1993) "Analysis of World/Japan's Shipping Casualties and Future Prospect Thereof. Japan Marine Research Institute. Report No:47"
[51]Meteorological Office. Meteorology at Sea. London:Her Majesty's Stationery Office,1983.
[52]R.Sanderson.Meteorolgy at Sea. London:Stanford Maritime,1982.
[53]W. J.Kotsch. Weather for the Mariner. Annapolis, Maryland Naval Institute Press,1983.
[54]VTS guide for user maritime safety administration of P.R.C 1999.
[55]Cockcroft A N.Routeing in English Channel.Journal of Navigation, 1981,34(3):392-401.
[56]Principles of forecasting:handbook for researchers and practitioners[M]. Kluwer Academic Publisher,2001.
[57]中国港口网http://www.chineseport.cn/
[58]中华人民共和国交通运输部.《2008中国航运发展报告》.2009.8.
[59]中华人民共和国交通运输部.《2009中国航运发展报告》.2010.7.
[60]IHO S-57 Transfer standard for digital hydrogaphic data. Edition 3.Monaco:HIB,1996.
[61]乔归民.从集装箱船大风浪航行实践探讨安全航行[A].1995-1997中国航海学会海洋船舶驾驶专业论文集[C],1997：62-65.