超空泡运动体尾拍冲击振动特性的研究
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摘要
超空泡减阻是实现水下航行体超高速运动的一种理想手段,借助于超空泡,水下航行体的粘湿面积可以降到最小状态,从而极大地降低了航行体表面所受到的液体摩擦阻力。水下超空泡运动体在不同的航速下有不同的运动模式,尾拍飞行是超空泡运动体在较高速度段的一种运动模式。在该运动模式下,由于存在连续的尾拍冲击作用,超空泡运动体的结构动力学特性与按传统方式运动的航行体相比将存在很大的不同。
目前对超空泡航行体的流体动力学特性的研究相对较多,而对于航行体自身动力学和振动学特性的研究文献则相对较少,尤其是对尾拍阶段高速运动的超空泡运动体振动特性的研究就更少了;而该项研究对后续的超空泡运动体的结构设计、优化、运动稳定性等方面的研究工作又有着重要的影响。所以,开展该项研究对超空泡武器的研制有着重要的理论与现实意义。
本文主要采用理论分析和数值仿真的方法,对尾拍过程中超空泡运动体的尾部激振力和结构振动特性进行了研究。主要内容如下:
针对超空泡运动体尾拍飞行时的运动特点,运用作大范围转动的弹性梁耦合动力学理论,得出了超空泡射弹尾拍振动的频率和模态,并对其时变特性进行了计算和分析;同时,研究了弹体的长细比、材料及转速对系统振动特性的影响。
研究超空泡运动体尾拍振动时的一个关键和难点,就是尾拍冲击载荷的确定。本文分别采用理论分析和流固耦合仿真计算的方法,对小型超空泡射弹自由飞行时的尾拍冲击载荷进行了研究,得出了尾拍载荷的时间变化规律,以及尾拍载荷与弹体结构参数的关系。
然后,分别利用前面的尾拍载荷理论分析结果和流固耦合仿真方法,对射弹自由飞行时尾拍振动的结构响应进行了数值计算;得到了加速度响应的时域和频域特性、弹体主应力最大值的变化和分布规律、结构响应与弹体结构参数的关系。
在论文的最后部分,对大尺寸超空泡航行体(超空泡鱼雷),在不同速度段匀速巡航时的尾拍振动响应进行了有限元数值模拟,给出了航行体的结构响应与巡航速度的关系。
到目前为止,对超空泡运动体在尾拍飞行阶段的尾拍激振力及动力响应方面的试验研究还未曾见于报道,因而,本文的研究结果,可以为以后的超空泡运动体尾拍振动方面的实验研究提供参考;同时,也为超空泡运动体的结构稳定性设计、结构优化设计等后续工作提供必要的基础。
Using supercavitation to enormously reduce the drag on the underwater vehicle is an ideal way to increasing the velocity of the underwater vehicle. A supercavity can minimize the water-contacting surface of the vehicle, thus the friction by the water also would be reduced. Several possible modes of vehicle motion would arise according to the magnitude of velocity of the vehicle and when the velocity is enough large, the vehicle would advance with tail-slapping. The successional impacts as tail-slappings result great difference between the structural dynamics characteristics of a supercacitating vehicle and that of a traditional vehicle.
Now there have been many researches about the supercavitating flow, but the researches about the structral dynamics characteristics of the supercavitating vehicle are few. And the researches on structral dynamics characteristics of a supercavitating vehicle with tail-slapping are especially little. But these researches are important to the studies of the structral optimum design and the motion stability analysis for supercavitating vehicle. So, the reserch in this paper has very important theorical and practical values for the prepare and manufacture of the supercavitating weapons.
In this paper, the tail-slapping force and the structral dynamics characteristics of the supercavitating vehicle with tail-slapping have been investigated by theoretical analysis and simulation. The main works are as follows: Based on the coupling dynamics theory of elastic beam in large overall rotation and according to the characteristic of the motion of the body, the fundamental frequency and the mode of vibration of a supercavitating projectile with tail-slapping were given and their variations with time were calculated and analysised. Also, the influences of the projectile's slenderness radio, material and rotational velocity on the vibration characteristics were investigated.
The calculation of the tail-slapping force is a key and a difficulty for the research of vibration of the projectile with tail-slapping. By the theoretical method and fluid-solid interaction simulations, the impact load of a projectile, which is freely advancing with tail-slappings, was investigated. The variation of the impact load with time and the relation between the load and the structural design parameters of the projectile were given.
On the base of the above results of the tail-slapping load, the structral responds of a projectile uhdergoing tail-slapping were simulated. The acceleration responds were analysised respectively in time domain and in frequency domain. The variation and location of the maximum values of the principal stresses were presented. The relation between the structral responds and the parameter of the body were given.
In the last chapter of this paper, for the supercavitating vehicle of large demention (the supercavitating torpedo) cruising with uniform speed and undergoing tail-slaps, the structral responds of the body were simulated by FEM (finite element method). The relation between the structral responds and the velocity were obtained.
To present, there hasn’t been the document on the experimental investigation for the tail-slaps force and the corresponding vibration of a supercavitating veicle. So the results presented in this paper can provide some references for the experimental investigations in the future and benefit the subsequent studies in structral stability analysis and structral optimum design.
目前对超空泡航行体的流体动力学特性的研究相对较多,而对于航行体自身动力学和振动学特性的研究文献则相对较少,尤其是对尾拍阶段高速运动的超空泡运动体振动特性的研究就更少了;而该项研究对后续的超空泡运动体的结构设计、优化、运动稳定性等方面的研究工作又有着重要的影响。所以,开展该项研究对超空泡武器的研制有着重要的理论与现实意义。
本文主要采用理论分析和数值仿真的方法,对尾拍过程中超空泡运动体的尾部激振力和结构振动特性进行了研究。主要内容如下:
针对超空泡运动体尾拍飞行时的运动特点,运用作大范围转动的弹性梁耦合动力学理论,得出了超空泡射弹尾拍振动的频率和模态,并对其时变特性进行了计算和分析;同时,研究了弹体的长细比、材料及转速对系统振动特性的影响。
研究超空泡运动体尾拍振动时的一个关键和难点,就是尾拍冲击载荷的确定。本文分别采用理论分析和流固耦合仿真计算的方法,对小型超空泡射弹自由飞行时的尾拍冲击载荷进行了研究,得出了尾拍载荷的时间变化规律,以及尾拍载荷与弹体结构参数的关系。
然后,分别利用前面的尾拍载荷理论分析结果和流固耦合仿真方法,对射弹自由飞行时尾拍振动的结构响应进行了数值计算;得到了加速度响应的时域和频域特性、弹体主应力最大值的变化和分布规律、结构响应与弹体结构参数的关系。
在论文的最后部分,对大尺寸超空泡航行体(超空泡鱼雷),在不同速度段匀速巡航时的尾拍振动响应进行了有限元数值模拟,给出了航行体的结构响应与巡航速度的关系。
到目前为止,对超空泡运动体在尾拍飞行阶段的尾拍激振力及动力响应方面的试验研究还未曾见于报道,因而,本文的研究结果,可以为以后的超空泡运动体尾拍振动方面的实验研究提供参考;同时,也为超空泡运动体的结构稳定性设计、结构优化设计等后续工作提供必要的基础。
Using supercavitation to enormously reduce the drag on the underwater vehicle is an ideal way to increasing the velocity of the underwater vehicle. A supercavity can minimize the water-contacting surface of the vehicle, thus the friction by the water also would be reduced. Several possible modes of vehicle motion would arise according to the magnitude of velocity of the vehicle and when the velocity is enough large, the vehicle would advance with tail-slapping. The successional impacts as tail-slappings result great difference between the structural dynamics characteristics of a supercacitating vehicle and that of a traditional vehicle.
Now there have been many researches about the supercavitating flow, but the researches about the structral dynamics characteristics of the supercavitating vehicle are few. And the researches on structral dynamics characteristics of a supercavitating vehicle with tail-slapping are especially little. But these researches are important to the studies of the structral optimum design and the motion stability analysis for supercavitating vehicle. So, the reserch in this paper has very important theorical and practical values for the prepare and manufacture of the supercavitating weapons.
In this paper, the tail-slapping force and the structral dynamics characteristics of the supercavitating vehicle with tail-slapping have been investigated by theoretical analysis and simulation. The main works are as follows: Based on the coupling dynamics theory of elastic beam in large overall rotation and according to the characteristic of the motion of the body, the fundamental frequency and the mode of vibration of a supercavitating projectile with tail-slapping were given and their variations with time were calculated and analysised. Also, the influences of the projectile's slenderness radio, material and rotational velocity on the vibration characteristics were investigated.
The calculation of the tail-slapping force is a key and a difficulty for the research of vibration of the projectile with tail-slapping. By the theoretical method and fluid-solid interaction simulations, the impact load of a projectile, which is freely advancing with tail-slappings, was investigated. The variation of the impact load with time and the relation between the load and the structural design parameters of the projectile were given.
On the base of the above results of the tail-slapping load, the structral responds of a projectile uhdergoing tail-slapping were simulated. The acceleration responds were analysised respectively in time domain and in frequency domain. The variation and location of the maximum values of the principal stresses were presented. The relation between the structral responds and the parameter of the body were given.
In the last chapter of this paper, for the supercavitating vehicle of large demention (the supercavitating torpedo) cruising with uniform speed and undergoing tail-slaps, the structral responds of the body were simulated by FEM (finite element method). The relation between the structral responds and the velocity were obtained.
To present, there hasn’t been the document on the experimental investigation for the tail-slaps force and the corresponding vibration of a supercavitating veicle. So the results presented in this paper can provide some references for the experimental investigations in the future and benefit the subsequent studies in structral stability analysis and structral optimum design.
引文
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