电力变压器局部放电超高频检测方法的研究
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摘要
大型电力变压器是电力系统的重要设备之一,而且造价十分昂贵,所以对电力变压器的维护和检修就显得非常有必要。而传统的对变压器的检修一般是计划检修和事后检修,传统的检修方式有很大的盲目性和强制性,不仅浪费了大量的人力和物力,而且检修过程中设备的频繁拆卸增加了在检修过程中产生新的设备隐患的可能,降低了变压器的总体寿命。针对传统检修方式的严重不足,根据变压器的运行状态来决定是否检修和怎样检修的检修方式越来越受到人们的重视,这就是状态检修。状态检修则是根据各种仪器的监测结果和运行人员的巡查记录,经过运行技术人员的分析,按照设备运行的实际情况,实事求是地策划设备的检修行为。
电力变压器状态检修的基础在于监测技术和诊断技术,即通过各种检测手段来正确判断变压器目前的状况。变压器故障仍以绝缘故障为主,而对变压器局部放电的检测能够提前反映变压器的绝缘状况,以便及时发现变压器内部的绝缘缺陷,来预防潜伏性和突发性事故的发生。基于以上考虑,本文设计了一套变压器局部放电的超高频在线监测系统,用于在线实时地监测电力变压器的局部放电超高频信号,进而实时了解变压器的绝缘状况以及运行状况。
与传统的直接监测局部放电的脉冲电流法相比,超高频法抗干扰能力强、信息量大、灵敏度高。局部放电脉冲电流激起的电磁波信号(即超高频信号)可以通过超高频传感器加以耦合接收,本文设计了超高频传感器,即平面阿基米德螺旋天线,带宽为500～1500MHz,它的两臂通过50?同轴电缆馈电,电磁波信号转变为同频率的高频电流信号,通过同轴电缆传输,最后进入工控机采集并分析。
天线接收的超高频信号频率很高,可达到上G,要采集此信号对采集卡要求太高,而且完整地采集如此高频的信号意义也不大,我们需要的是超高频信号的峰值特征,从而了解变压器内部局部放电的相对严重程度。本文设计了基于混频技术的信号调理单元,降低了超高频信号的频率,方便普通的采集卡采集,同时保留了原始的峰值相位的特征。
Power Transformer is main equipment in Electric Power system, and its price is very high, so Maintenance is quite necessary for Transformer. There are Scheduled Maintenance and Break down Maintenance for Transformer traditionally, traditional methods of Maintenance are compulsive and blindfold,these two not only spend manpower and material resources, but also bring more potential trouble while the components frequently taken down, and synchronously reduced overall life of Transformer. Since the severe fault of traditional methods of Maintenance, a new one plays a more and more important role which Maintenance is determined according to the fieldwork conditions of Transformer, and that’s what we would call Condition Based Maintenance. Condition Based Maintenance is schemed according to the results of various instruments and visitatorial records of personnel, on the basis of the analysis of technicians and the current status of Transformer.
Condition Based Maintenance is concerned with monitoring technology and diagnosis technology deeply, that is to say , we can get current status of Transformer by sorts of monitoring methods. Most of faults involve insulation for Transformer, and monitoring for Partial Discharge (PD)can reflect the insulation status of Transformer in advance, find the fault within Transformer on time, and prevent potential and paroxysmal events. Considering what have discussed above, in this dissertation, I designed a set of UHF (ultra high frequency) monitoring system on Partial Discharge of Transformer. This system can monitor the real-time signal of PD UHF, and then get the insulation status and the running conditions of Transformer.
Comparing with traditional method of monitoring impulse current of PD directly, UHF method has quite a few advantages, such as better anti-jamming, much more information, and more sensitive. The UHF signal produced by impulse current of PD can be received by UHF sensor, there is UHF sensor-plane helix antenna designed in this article, Whose bandwidth is between 500MHz to 1500MHz. Two sides of this antenna are feed by 50ohm coaxial line, the Hertzian waves signal is converted to high frequent current signal by the same frequency and the current signal can be transferred into industry computer by coaxial line.
The signal frequency received by the antenna is very high, normally it can exceed one GHz. Usually the sample card can not collect so high frequency signal, and it is not necessary to collect the total signal because what we need is the peak value of the signal, and then to know the severe degree of the PD of Transformer relatively .A signal disposal cell based on Frequency Mixing is designed in this dissertation, it can reduce the frequency of original UHF signal to facilitate a common sample card and it is not at the expense of Peak-Value and phasic character of original UHF signal.
电力变压器状态检修的基础在于监测技术和诊断技术,即通过各种检测手段来正确判断变压器目前的状况。变压器故障仍以绝缘故障为主,而对变压器局部放电的检测能够提前反映变压器的绝缘状况,以便及时发现变压器内部的绝缘缺陷,来预防潜伏性和突发性事故的发生。基于以上考虑,本文设计了一套变压器局部放电的超高频在线监测系统,用于在线实时地监测电力变压器的局部放电超高频信号,进而实时了解变压器的绝缘状况以及运行状况。
与传统的直接监测局部放电的脉冲电流法相比,超高频法抗干扰能力强、信息量大、灵敏度高。局部放电脉冲电流激起的电磁波信号(即超高频信号)可以通过超高频传感器加以耦合接收,本文设计了超高频传感器,即平面阿基米德螺旋天线,带宽为500～1500MHz,它的两臂通过50?同轴电缆馈电,电磁波信号转变为同频率的高频电流信号,通过同轴电缆传输,最后进入工控机采集并分析。
天线接收的超高频信号频率很高,可达到上G,要采集此信号对采集卡要求太高,而且完整地采集如此高频的信号意义也不大,我们需要的是超高频信号的峰值特征,从而了解变压器内部局部放电的相对严重程度。本文设计了基于混频技术的信号调理单元,降低了超高频信号的频率,方便普通的采集卡采集,同时保留了原始的峰值相位的特征。
Power Transformer is main equipment in Electric Power system, and its price is very high, so Maintenance is quite necessary for Transformer. There are Scheduled Maintenance and Break down Maintenance for Transformer traditionally, traditional methods of Maintenance are compulsive and blindfold,these two not only spend manpower and material resources, but also bring more potential trouble while the components frequently taken down, and synchronously reduced overall life of Transformer. Since the severe fault of traditional methods of Maintenance, a new one plays a more and more important role which Maintenance is determined according to the fieldwork conditions of Transformer, and that’s what we would call Condition Based Maintenance. Condition Based Maintenance is schemed according to the results of various instruments and visitatorial records of personnel, on the basis of the analysis of technicians and the current status of Transformer.
Condition Based Maintenance is concerned with monitoring technology and diagnosis technology deeply, that is to say , we can get current status of Transformer by sorts of monitoring methods. Most of faults involve insulation for Transformer, and monitoring for Partial Discharge (PD)can reflect the insulation status of Transformer in advance, find the fault within Transformer on time, and prevent potential and paroxysmal events. Considering what have discussed above, in this dissertation, I designed a set of UHF (ultra high frequency) monitoring system on Partial Discharge of Transformer. This system can monitor the real-time signal of PD UHF, and then get the insulation status and the running conditions of Transformer.
Comparing with traditional method of monitoring impulse current of PD directly, UHF method has quite a few advantages, such as better anti-jamming, much more information, and more sensitive. The UHF signal produced by impulse current of PD can be received by UHF sensor, there is UHF sensor-plane helix antenna designed in this article, Whose bandwidth is between 500MHz to 1500MHz. Two sides of this antenna are feed by 50ohm coaxial line, the Hertzian waves signal is converted to high frequent current signal by the same frequency and the current signal can be transferred into industry computer by coaxial line.
The signal frequency received by the antenna is very high, normally it can exceed one GHz. Usually the sample card can not collect so high frequency signal, and it is not necessary to collect the total signal because what we need is the peak value of the signal, and then to know the severe degree of the PD of Transformer relatively .A signal disposal cell based on Frequency Mixing is designed in this dissertation, it can reduce the frequency of original UHF signal to facilitate a common sample card and it is not at the expense of Peak-Value and phasic character of original UHF signal.
引文
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[5] Judd M D,Pryor B M,Kelly S C,et al. Transformer monitoring! using the UHF technique[A]. IEE Conference on High Voltage Engineering[C]. London:1999,362
[6] Imagaw a hiroshi,Emoto Kunio, KoyamaHiroshi, et al. Simplified simulation method for Partial Discharge Phenomena in GIS[A]. Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society on Transmission and Distribution[C].London:1999, 534
[7] De Kock NicholasCoric,Branko,pietsch, Ralf. UHF PD detection in gas-insulated switch gear-suitability and sensitivity of the UHF method in comparison with the IEC 270 method[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1996, 12(6):20～26
[8] 王国利,郝艳捧,李彦明.电力变压器局部放电检测技术的现状和发展.电工电能新技术,2001,20(2):52～57
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[29] M.D. Judd,Transient calibration of electric field sensors,IEE proc. Sci. meas. Technol., Vole.146,No.3,May 1999
[30] Raja K, Devaux F and Lelaidier S,Recognition of discharge sources using UHF PD signatures,IEEE Electrical insulation magazine,2002,18(5):8-14
[31] Raja K and Floribert T,Source characterization of discharges on Transformers using UHF PD signatures,IEEE power Engineering society winter meeting,2002,vol.2,pp:1383～1388
[32] 王国利,郝艳捧,李彦明.变压器油中局部放电信号超高频特性的研究.电工电能新技术,2002,21(1):49～53
[33] 王国利,郑毅,沈嵩,等.AGA-BP 神经网络用于变压器超高频局部放电模式识别,电工电能新技术,2003,22(2):6～9
[34] 王国利,袁鹏,单平,等.变压器典型局部放电模型超高频放电信号分析.高电压技术,2002,28(11):28～31
[35] 王国利,袁鹏,单平,等.变压器超高频放电自动识别系统.电工电能新技术,2003,22(1):9～13
[36] 陈庆国,恭细秀,高文胜,等.变压器油中局部放电超高频检测的实验研究.高电压技术, 2002,28(12):23～25
[37] 王新稳,李萍.微波技术与天线.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[38] 王国利,郝艳捧,李彦明.用于变压器局部放电检测的超高频传感器的初步研究.中国电机工程学报,2002:154～160
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[42] 王国利,郝艳捧,袁鹏,等.变压器局部放电超高频检测中的混频技术研究中国电机工程学报,2004:115～120
[43] 李晓陆.带通采样定理在降低功耗问题中的实际应用.桂林电子工业学院学报,2004,5:36～38
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[46] 黄兴泉,等.电力变压器局部放电在线监测及有关问题探讨.2004,4:14～18
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[2] 关文国.减少特大型电力变压器局部放电的技术措施及故障的排除.变压器,1999,5
[3] 高宁.变压器局部放电在线监中抗干扰技术的研究[D].北京:清华大学电机工程与应用电子技术系,2000
[4] Alain FS,Levy,OrsinoB.Oliverra Filho,et al. Ultra wideband Measurements of Partial Discharges in air an insulting oil[A].International Conference on Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids[C].Roma:1996,218
[5] Judd M D,Pryor B M,Kelly S C,et al. Transformer monitoring! using the UHF technique[A]. IEE Conference on High Voltage Engineering[C]. London:1999,362
[6] Imagaw a hiroshi,Emoto Kunio, KoyamaHiroshi, et al. Simplified simulation method for Partial Discharge Phenomena in GIS[A]. Proceedings of the IEEE Power Engineering Society on Transmission and Distribution[C].London:1999, 534
[7] De Kock NicholasCoric,Branko,pietsch, Ralf. UHF PD detection in gas-insulated switch gear-suitability and sensitivity of the UHF method in comparison with the IEC 270 method[J]. IEEE Electrical Insulation Magazine, 1996, 12(6):20～26
[8] 王国利,郝艳捧,李彦明.电力变压器局部放电检测技术的现状和发展.电工电能新技术,2001,20(2):52～57
[9] 邱昌容,王乃庆.电工设备局部放电及其测试技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1994
[10] I J Kemp,Partial Discharge plant monitoring technology: present and future development,IEE proc. Sci. meas. Technol.,1995,142(1):4～10
[11] 王昌长,李福祺.电力设备的在线检测与故障诊断.北京:清华大学出版社,1996
[12] Bolhuis J P van, Gulsko E, Smit J, et al.,Comparison of conventional and VHF Partial Discharge detection methods for power Transformers,Proceeding of 11th international symposium on high voltage engineering,London,august 23～27,1999
[13] Moreau C, Charpentier X and Vetu P.,On-line Partial Discharge detection system application
[14] I J Kemp , discharge plant-monitoring technology:Present and Future Developments[J] .IEE Proc.Sci.Meas.Technol.,1995,142(1):4～10
[15] Rutgers W R, Van den A P, Lapp A, et al.Transformer PD measurements:field experience and automated defect identification[C].XIII th Int.Conf.on Gas Disch.and their Applic., Glasgow, UK,2000:872-875
[16] Rutgers W R, Van den A P, Aschenbrenner D .Newon-line measurements and diagnosis concepts on power Transformer[C].Proc.13th Int.Symp.on High Voltage Engineering, Delft, 2003
[17] 覃剑,王昌长,邵伟民.特高频在电力设备局部放电在线监测中的应用[J].1997,21(6):33～36
[18] Judd M D,Hamptn B F and Brown W L,UHF Partial Discharge monitoring for 132KV GIS , Proceedings of 10th international symposium on high voltage engineering,Montreal,August 25～29,1997
[19] Lapp A,Kranz H G,Hucker T, et al,On-site application of an advanced PD defect identification system for GIS,Proceedings of 11th international symposium on high voltage engineering, London, August 23～27, 1999
[20] Huecker T and Gorablenkow J,UHF Partial Discharge monitoring and expert system diagnosis. IEEE Trans,On power delivery,1998, 13(4):1162～1167
[21] W.R. Rutgers and Y.H. Fu,UHF PD-Detection in a power Transformer, Proceedings of 10th international symposium on high voltage engineering, Montreal, August 219～222, 1997
[22] W.R. Rutgers and Y.H. Fu,UHF PD-Detection in a power Transformer, Proceedings of 10th international symposium on high voltage engineering, Montreal, August 219～222, 1997
[23] M .D. Judd, B. M. Pryor, S. C. Kelly and B. F. Hampton,Transformer Monitoring Using The UHF Technique,IEE Conference on High Voltage Engineering,London:1999,pp:362-365
[24] M. D. Judd, O. Farish,Power Transformer monitoring using UHF sensors: installation and testing,Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE international symposium on electrical insulation,Anaheim,CA USA,April 2-5,2000,pp:373～376
[25] M. D. Judd, G. P. Cleary,Power Transformer monitoring using UHF sensors: site trials. Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE international symposium on electrical insulation, Boston,MA USA,April 7-10,2002,pp:145～149
[26] L. Yang and M.D. Judd,Propagation characteristics of UHF signals in Transformers for locating Partial Discharge source,13th international symposium on high voltage engineering,Netherlands,2003,smit(ed.)
[27] C.J. Bennoch and M.D. Judd,A UHF system for characterizing individual PD sources within a multi-source environment,13th international symposium on high voltage engineering,Netherlands 2003,smit(ed.)
[28] M.D. Judd and Owen Farish. A pulsed GTEM system for UHF sensor calibration. IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, VOL.47, NO.4, august 1998
[29] M.D. Judd,Transient calibration of electric field sensors,IEE proc. Sci. meas. Technol., Vole.146,No.3,May 1999
[30] Raja K, Devaux F and Lelaidier S,Recognition of discharge sources using UHF PD signatures,IEEE Electrical insulation magazine,2002,18(5):8-14
[31] Raja K and Floribert T,Source characterization of discharges on Transformers using UHF PD signatures,IEEE power Engineering society winter meeting,2002,vol.2,pp:1383～1388
[32] 王国利,郝艳捧,李彦明.变压器油中局部放电信号超高频特性的研究.电工电能新技术,2002,21(1):49～53
[33] 王国利,郑毅,沈嵩,等.AGA-BP 神经网络用于变压器超高频局部放电模式识别,电工电能新技术,2003,22(2):6～9
[34] 王国利,袁鹏,单平,等.变压器典型局部放电模型超高频放电信号分析.高电压技术,2002,28(11):28～31
[35] 王国利,袁鹏,单平,等.变压器超高频放电自动识别系统.电工电能新技术,2003,22(1):9～13
[36] 陈庆国,恭细秀,高文胜,等.变压器油中局部放电超高频检测的实验研究.高电压技术, 2002,28(12):23～25
[37] 王新稳,李萍.微波技术与天线.北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[38] 王国利,郝艳捧,李彦明.用于变压器局部放电检测的超高频传感器的初步研究.中国电机工程学报,2002:154～160
[39] 王元坤,李玉权.线天线宽频带技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1995
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