桥面柔性防水材料性能指标与检测技术研究
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摘要
本文详细介绍了国外TRL和ASTM关于桥面防水材料的性能试验和检测方法，分析了以往试验的优劣性和适用性，在此基础上，结合我国现有公路相关试验规程，制定出防水材料的性能指标试验方法和检测技术。并根据材料性能试验研究各种因素对试验结果的影响规律。
通过对桥面防水材料使用环境的调查，本文对材料的不透水性、层间稳定性、耐高低温能力、抗施工损伤能力、适应桥梁变形能力等提出了具体的技术要求，对桥面防水材料的技术性能指标做了详细的分析，针对各种使用状况提出不同的要求。同时本文还提出一套适用于目前施工状况的防水层现场检测技术，并相应地提出评价施工质量的检测指标，用于指导施工作业，提高工程质量。
为了与检测技术相配合，课题组研制了一套防水材料专用检测仪器，包括防水层电动剪切仪、手动式剪切仪、层间拉拔仪、90°剥离仪和防水材料不透水仪，本文详细介绍了仪器的结构组成和检测方法，并就仪器自身和使用过程中出现的误差进行讨论。最后通过在实际工程中的检测结果对室内外试验方法的差异做以分析。
Based on surveying the performance tests and check-up methods of the foreign countries, combining the road test standard of our country, the paper establishes a series of performance tests and check-up methods. The paper also analyzes the factors that affect the results of the performance tests.
Through analyzing the performance requirements about water resistance, layer stability, high or low temperature resistance, construction damage resistance and adaptation to bridge distortion ,the paper has mainly studied the performance methods of the flexible waterproof materials and corresponding evaluation indexes in different conditions. At the same time, the paper makes out the field check-up methods and evaluation indexes for the waterproof materials.
In order to correspond with the field check-up methods, the paper designs a suit of field check-up apparatus particularly for the waterproofing system, including the shear apparatus (by electricity and by hand), the pull-off apparatus, the 90° pear apparatus and water pressure resistance apparatus. In the end, comparing with the field check-up results, the paper analyzes the difference between the lab methods and the field check-up methods.
通过对桥面防水材料使用环境的调查，本文对材料的不透水性、层间稳定性、耐高低温能力、抗施工损伤能力、适应桥梁变形能力等提出了具体的技术要求，对桥面防水材料的技术性能指标做了详细的分析，针对各种使用状况提出不同的要求。同时本文还提出一套适用于目前施工状况的防水层现场检测技术，并相应地提出评价施工质量的检测指标，用于指导施工作业，提高工程质量。
为了与检测技术相配合，课题组研制了一套防水材料专用检测仪器，包括防水层电动剪切仪、手动式剪切仪、层间拉拔仪、90°剥离仪和防水材料不透水仪，本文详细介绍了仪器的结构组成和检测方法，并就仪器自身和使用过程中出现的误差进行讨论。最后通过在实际工程中的检测结果对室内外试验方法的差异做以分析。
Based on surveying the performance tests and check-up methods of the foreign countries, combining the road test standard of our country, the paper establishes a series of performance tests and check-up methods. The paper also analyzes the factors that affect the results of the performance tests.
Through analyzing the performance requirements about water resistance, layer stability, high or low temperature resistance, construction damage resistance and adaptation to bridge distortion ,the paper has mainly studied the performance methods of the flexible waterproof materials and corresponding evaluation indexes in different conditions. At the same time, the paper makes out the field check-up methods and evaluation indexes for the waterproof materials.
In order to correspond with the field check-up methods, the paper designs a suit of field check-up apparatus particularly for the waterproofing system, including the shear apparatus (by electricity and by hand), the pull-off apparatus, the 90° pear apparatus and water pressure resistance apparatus. In the end, comparing with the field check-up results, the paper analyzes the difference between the lab methods and the field check-up methods.
引文
[1] NCHRP. Waterproofing Membranes for Concrete Bridge Decks. NCHRP 1995 SYNTHESIS 220
[2] NCHRP. Waterproofing Membranes for Protection of Concrete Bridge Decks-Laboratory Phase.NCHRP 1976
[3] TRRL. A Field Trial of Waterproofing Systems for Concrete Bridge Decks.TRRL1989.
[4] TRRL. Laboratory Tests on Waterproofing Systems for Concrete Bridge Decks.TRRL1990.
[5] ASTM. Standard Test Method for Tearing Resistance of Roofing and Waterproofing Materials and Membranes.ASTM D 5601-94
[6] ASTM. Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Bitrmen-saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing and Waterproofing. ASTM D146-97
[7] ASTM. Standard Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Specimens. ASTM D 5602-94
[8] ASTM. Standard Test Method for Dynamic Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Specimens. ASTM D 5635-94
[9] ASTM. Standard Specification for Materials for Bridge Deck Waterproofing Membrane Systems.ASTM D 6153-97
[10] ADTM. Standard Test Method for Hydrostatic Pressure Resistance of Waterproofing Membranes.ASTM D 5385-93
[11] Kochi Oba and Manfred N.Part1, Adhesion of Bituminous Waterproofing Membranes for Bridge Applications.Science and Technology of Buidling Seals,Sealants,Glazing,and Waterproofing, 1998.
[12] 中华人们共和国行业标准．公路沥青路面设计规范(JTJ014-97)．北京：人民交通出版社，1997．
[13] 中华人民共和国国家标准．屋面工程技术规范(GB 50207-94)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1994．
[14] 中华人民共和国行业标准．公路沥青路面施工技术规范(JTJ014-94)．北京：
人民交通出版社，1994．
[15]中华人民共和国行业标准．公路土工合成材料试验规程(JTJ/T60-98)．北京：人民交通出版社，1994．
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准．公路路基路面现场测试规程(JTJ059-95)．北京：人民交通出版社，1995．
[17]叶林标等．建筑工程防水设计与施工手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1998．
[18]沈金安．沥青与沥青混合料路用性能．北京：人民交通出版社．2001
[19]张登良．沥青路面．北京：人民交通出版社．1999．
[20]叶见曙．结构设计原理．北京：人民交通出版社．1997．
[21]沈金安．改性沥青与SMA路面．北京：人民交通出版社．1999．
[22]林尚安，陆耘，梁兆熙．高分子化学．北京：科学出版社．1998
[23]长安大学．跨越构造物路面结构设计与施工技术研究．交通部科技项目报告．2000．
[24]李杰武．RCC—AC复合式路面沥青层结构研究[硕士学位论文]．西安公路交通大学．1996
[25]张占军．水泥混凝土桥面沥青混凝土铺装结构研究[硕士学位论文]．长安大学．2000．
[26]裴建中．桥面柔性防水材料技术性能研究[硕士学位论文]．长安大学．2001．
[27]余剑英，孔宪明，薛理．聚合物改性沥青微观结构与性能关系的研究．武汉工业大学学报．1995．Vol．17(1)
[28]吴明．防水材料的力学性能．中国建筑防水材料．1994．NO．4
[29]罗晓辉，高金歧，傅裕寿，徐世法．桥面铺装基底粘连结材料性能研究．北京建筑工程学院学报．1999．Vol．15(2)
[30]傅裕寿．桥面铺装研究．城市道路与防洪．1999．NO．3
[31]孔宪明，杨斌．我国改性沥青防水卷材产品标准的制订．石油沥青．2001．Vol．15(3)
[32]卢铁瑞．立交桥桥面防水层性能研究及应用．石油沥青．1996．Vol．10(1)
[33]孙立军，张宏超，刘黎萍，胡小弟．沥青路面初期损坏特点和机理分析．同济大学学报．2002．Vol．30(4)
[2] NCHRP. Waterproofing Membranes for Protection of Concrete Bridge Decks-Laboratory Phase.NCHRP 1976
[3] TRRL. A Field Trial of Waterproofing Systems for Concrete Bridge Decks.TRRL1989.
[4] TRRL. Laboratory Tests on Waterproofing Systems for Concrete Bridge Decks.TRRL1990.
[5] ASTM. Standard Test Method for Tearing Resistance of Roofing and Waterproofing Materials and Membranes.ASTM D 5601-94
[6] ASTM. Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Bitrmen-saturated Felts and Woven Fabrics for Roofing and Waterproofing. ASTM D146-97
[7] ASTM. Standard Test Method for Static Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Specimens. ASTM D 5602-94
[8] ASTM. Standard Test Method for Dynamic Puncture Resistance of Roofing Membrane Specimens. ASTM D 5635-94
[9] ASTM. Standard Specification for Materials for Bridge Deck Waterproofing Membrane Systems.ASTM D 6153-97
[10] ADTM. Standard Test Method for Hydrostatic Pressure Resistance of Waterproofing Membranes.ASTM D 5385-93
[11] Kochi Oba and Manfred N.Part1, Adhesion of Bituminous Waterproofing Membranes for Bridge Applications.Science and Technology of Buidling Seals,Sealants,Glazing,and Waterproofing, 1998.
[12] 中华人们共和国行业标准．公路沥青路面设计规范(JTJ014-97)．北京：人民交通出版社，1997．
[13] 中华人民共和国国家标准．屋面工程技术规范(GB 50207-94)．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1994．
[14] 中华人民共和国行业标准．公路沥青路面施工技术规范(JTJ014-94)．北京：
人民交通出版社，1994．
[15]中华人民共和国行业标准．公路土工合成材料试验规程(JTJ/T60-98)．北京：人民交通出版社，1994．
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准．公路路基路面现场测试规程(JTJ059-95)．北京：人民交通出版社，1995．
[17]叶林标等．建筑工程防水设计与施工手册．北京：中国建筑工业出版社．1998．
[18]沈金安．沥青与沥青混合料路用性能．北京：人民交通出版社．2001
[19]张登良．沥青路面．北京：人民交通出版社．1999．
[20]叶见曙．结构设计原理．北京：人民交通出版社．1997．
[21]沈金安．改性沥青与SMA路面．北京：人民交通出版社．1999．
[22]林尚安，陆耘，梁兆熙．高分子化学．北京：科学出版社．1998
[23]长安大学．跨越构造物路面结构设计与施工技术研究．交通部科技项目报告．2000．
[24]李杰武．RCC—AC复合式路面沥青层结构研究[硕士学位论文]．西安公路交通大学．1996
[25]张占军．水泥混凝土桥面沥青混凝土铺装结构研究[硕士学位论文]．长安大学．2000．
[26]裴建中．桥面柔性防水材料技术性能研究[硕士学位论文]．长安大学．2001．
[27]余剑英，孔宪明，薛理．聚合物改性沥青微观结构与性能关系的研究．武汉工业大学学报．1995．Vol．17(1)
[28]吴明．防水材料的力学性能．中国建筑防水材料．1994．NO．4
[29]罗晓辉，高金歧，傅裕寿，徐世法．桥面铺装基底粘连结材料性能研究．北京建筑工程学院学报．1999．Vol．15(2)
[30]傅裕寿．桥面铺装研究．城市道路与防洪．1999．NO．3
[31]孔宪明，杨斌．我国改性沥青防水卷材产品标准的制订．石油沥青．2001．Vol．15(3)
[32]卢铁瑞．立交桥桥面防水层性能研究及应用．石油沥青．1996．Vol．10(1)
[33]孙立军，张宏超，刘黎萍，胡小弟．沥青路面初期损坏特点和机理分析．同济大学学报．2002．Vol．30(4)