湿热地区水泥混凝土路面基层性能评价与路面结构协调设计
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摘要
由于各种原因，我国早期修建的水泥混凝土路面使用状况不佳，使用寿命大大低于设计使用年限。目前我国关于水泥混凝土路面耐久性的研究主要集中在面层，而水泥混凝土路面长期使用性能主要与路基和基层有关，良好的路基和基层是保证水泥混凝土路面正常运营的前提。随着我国经济的快速发展，车速快、重载、超载车辆比例大等交通特点给路面的使用功能提出了更为严格的要求。因此，对于不同基层类型的水泥混凝土路面，选择合理的结构设计指标，进行路面结构组合设计，通过提高基层的长期性能来改善水泥混凝土路面的使用状况，延长其使用寿命，是水泥混凝土路面更快更好发展的关键所在。
针对不同交通等级和不同类型基层的水泥混凝土路面，调查分析了湿热气候条件下水泥稳定碎石与二灰稳定碎石等半刚性基层、贫混凝土等刚性基层水泥混凝土路面的使用状况，分析了基层开裂、基层脱空、层间结合状况及基层刚度等使用状况对混凝土路面性能的影响。在此基础上，基于基层的长期使用性能，并针对湿热地区气候特点，初步推荐了水泥混凝土路面的合理基层类型。
通过室内试验与力学分析，研究了基层与混凝土面板间的层间结合状况、基层开裂对混凝土面板的影响、基层材料的抗冲刷性能以及不同基层类型混凝土板的变形和应变规律。结果表明，基层与混凝土面板间的结合状态极为重要，水泥混凝土面板在基层界面滑动的摩擦系数是研究面板温度应力、面板滑动区与固定区长度、接缝、间距、板端推移量及路面纵向失稳的重要参数；在正常状态下乳化沥青隔离层的摩阻力在0.76～0.87之间，沥青功能层的摩阻力在0.71～1.10之间，土工布隔离层的摩阻力在1.08～2.06之间；粒料基层对混凝土面板的约束最小，混凝土板翘曲变形最大，沥青混凝土基层约束居中，贫混凝土基层对混凝土面板的约束最大，几乎没有翘曲变形产生。
通过分析基层的长期性能评价指标对水泥混凝土路面的影响，采用灰色关联分析理论，建立了水泥混凝土路面基层长期性能评价指标的预测模型，研究了水泥混凝土路面基层长期性能的评价方法，该方法可以用于水泥混凝土路面基层长期性能的预测评价。
分析了板底脱空对混凝土面板应力的影响规律，通过不同工况下计算得到的最大应力及脱空部位的最大弯沉值，回归得到考虑疲劳、不考虑温度应力时水泥混凝土路面最大容许脱空量。在不利加载位置情况下，分析了基层有（无）裂缝、基层裂缝宽度变化、基层裂缝位置变化对混凝土路面结构荷载应力与温度应力的影响。结果表明，裂缝的存在破坏了路面结构整体性和连续性，路面结构的荷载应力显著增大，设置功能层后，显著减小了面板的最大拉应力；而路面结构的温度应力则呈现出减小的趋势。充分考虑各类不同基层类型的力学与物理特性，并结合功能层对于路面使用状况的改善作用，推荐出湿热地区不同交通等级水泥混凝土路面基层的适用类型。基于基层长期性能的要求，提出同时考虑混凝土面层和基层疲劳的水泥混凝土路面结构设计方法。
For various reasons, the use situation of cement concrete pavement built in early years isnot good in China, service life is greatly lower than designed service life. At present, the studyof the durability for concrete pavement in China mainly focus on surface layer, while thelong-term performance of concrete pavement is related to subgrade and base, fine subgradeand base are the premise which ensure normal operation of concrete pavement. With the rapiddevelopment of China economy, the traffic characteristics of rapid speed，heavy load and thelarge proportion of overload vehicles proposed more strict requirements to cement concretepavement. Therefore, for cement concrete pavements with different types of bases, choosingreasonable structure design index, conducting the combination design of the pavementstructure, increasing the long-term performance to improve the use of concrete pavementcondition, and prolonging service life are critical to concrete pavement for its faster and betterdevelopment.
According to different traffic levels and different types of base, the use situation ofconcrete pavement with semi-rigid base and rigid base were investigated and analyzed inhot-moist regions. The influences of base cracking, cavity, interlayer combining status andbase stiffness on concrete pavement were analyzed. On the basis of the long-termperformance of base and climate characteristics in hot-moist regions, the reasonable base typeof concrete pavement was preliminarily recommended.
Through laboratory experiments and mechanical analysis, the binding situation betweenthe base and concrete slab, the influence of base layer cracking on concrete pavement, theanti-brushing performance of base materials, as well as the deformation and strain of cementconcrete pavement with different kinds of base layer were studied. The results showed that thebinding status between the base and concrete slab is extremely important. The sliding frictioncoefficient of cement concrete slab at base interface is an important parameter for researchingtemperature stress, the length of slided and fixed area, joint, spacing, plate-end lapse andlongitudinal instability. Under normal conditions, the friction resistance of emulsified asphaltisolation layer is between0.76and0.87, while asphalt mixture functional layer of which isbetween0.71and1.10, and geotexitle isolation layer is between1.08and2.06. The constraintof the aggregate base to concrete is minimum, and concrete slab buckling deformation ismaximum, and the constraint of asphalt concrete base to concrete is medium, while leanconcrete’s constraint to concrete is maximum, almost no buckling deformation formed.
Through analyzing the effect of long-term performance evaluation index of base course on cement concrete pavement, using grey relation analysis theory, this study establishedprediction model of evaluation index for long-term performance of base. the evaluationmethod of cement concrete pavement, which can be used for forecast evaluation of long-termperformance of base.
By analyzing the effects of cavity on the concrete pavement stress, according to thecalculated value of the maximum stress and the maximum deflection of concrete pavement,the maximum amount of allowed cavity of concrete pavement under the consideration offatigue but without temperature stress was derived. On the condition of adverse loadingposition, the effects of crack(or not)of base, the width and the location of base crack on loadstress and temperature stress of cement concrete pavement were analyzed. The results showthat the presence of cracks damaged the integrity and continuity of the pavement structure, theload stress of pavement structure significantly increased. The functional layer cansignificantly reduce the maximum tensile stress of the slab, and the temperature stress of thepavement structure showing a decreasing trend. Taking full account of the mechanical andphysical properties of different types of base layer, and combining with the improvement ofthe functional layer, the appropriate types of base under different traffic level for hot-moistregions were recommended. Based on the requirements of the long-term performance of thebase, this paper proposed a structure design method for cement concrete pavementconsidering fatigue of both concrete surface layer and base layer.
针对不同交通等级和不同类型基层的水泥混凝土路面，调查分析了湿热气候条件下水泥稳定碎石与二灰稳定碎石等半刚性基层、贫混凝土等刚性基层水泥混凝土路面的使用状况，分析了基层开裂、基层脱空、层间结合状况及基层刚度等使用状况对混凝土路面性能的影响。在此基础上，基于基层的长期使用性能，并针对湿热地区气候特点，初步推荐了水泥混凝土路面的合理基层类型。
通过室内试验与力学分析，研究了基层与混凝土面板间的层间结合状况、基层开裂对混凝土面板的影响、基层材料的抗冲刷性能以及不同基层类型混凝土板的变形和应变规律。结果表明，基层与混凝土面板间的结合状态极为重要，水泥混凝土面板在基层界面滑动的摩擦系数是研究面板温度应力、面板滑动区与固定区长度、接缝、间距、板端推移量及路面纵向失稳的重要参数；在正常状态下乳化沥青隔离层的摩阻力在0.76～0.87之间，沥青功能层的摩阻力在0.71～1.10之间，土工布隔离层的摩阻力在1.08～2.06之间；粒料基层对混凝土面板的约束最小，混凝土板翘曲变形最大，沥青混凝土基层约束居中，贫混凝土基层对混凝土面板的约束最大，几乎没有翘曲变形产生。
通过分析基层的长期性能评价指标对水泥混凝土路面的影响，采用灰色关联分析理论，建立了水泥混凝土路面基层长期性能评价指标的预测模型，研究了水泥混凝土路面基层长期性能的评价方法，该方法可以用于水泥混凝土路面基层长期性能的预测评价。
分析了板底脱空对混凝土面板应力的影响规律，通过不同工况下计算得到的最大应力及脱空部位的最大弯沉值，回归得到考虑疲劳、不考虑温度应力时水泥混凝土路面最大容许脱空量。在不利加载位置情况下，分析了基层有（无）裂缝、基层裂缝宽度变化、基层裂缝位置变化对混凝土路面结构荷载应力与温度应力的影响。结果表明，裂缝的存在破坏了路面结构整体性和连续性，路面结构的荷载应力显著增大，设置功能层后，显著减小了面板的最大拉应力；而路面结构的温度应力则呈现出减小的趋势。充分考虑各类不同基层类型的力学与物理特性，并结合功能层对于路面使用状况的改善作用，推荐出湿热地区不同交通等级水泥混凝土路面基层的适用类型。基于基层长期性能的要求，提出同时考虑混凝土面层和基层疲劳的水泥混凝土路面结构设计方法。
For various reasons, the use situation of cement concrete pavement built in early years isnot good in China, service life is greatly lower than designed service life. At present, the studyof the durability for concrete pavement in China mainly focus on surface layer, while thelong-term performance of concrete pavement is related to subgrade and base, fine subgradeand base are the premise which ensure normal operation of concrete pavement. With the rapiddevelopment of China economy, the traffic characteristics of rapid speed，heavy load and thelarge proportion of overload vehicles proposed more strict requirements to cement concretepavement. Therefore, for cement concrete pavements with different types of bases, choosingreasonable structure design index, conducting the combination design of the pavementstructure, increasing the long-term performance to improve the use of concrete pavementcondition, and prolonging service life are critical to concrete pavement for its faster and betterdevelopment.
According to different traffic levels and different types of base, the use situation ofconcrete pavement with semi-rigid base and rigid base were investigated and analyzed inhot-moist regions. The influences of base cracking, cavity, interlayer combining status andbase stiffness on concrete pavement were analyzed. On the basis of the long-termperformance of base and climate characteristics in hot-moist regions, the reasonable base typeof concrete pavement was preliminarily recommended.
Through laboratory experiments and mechanical analysis, the binding situation betweenthe base and concrete slab, the influence of base layer cracking on concrete pavement, theanti-brushing performance of base materials, as well as the deformation and strain of cementconcrete pavement with different kinds of base layer were studied. The results showed that thebinding status between the base and concrete slab is extremely important. The sliding frictioncoefficient of cement concrete slab at base interface is an important parameter for researchingtemperature stress, the length of slided and fixed area, joint, spacing, plate-end lapse andlongitudinal instability. Under normal conditions, the friction resistance of emulsified asphaltisolation layer is between0.76and0.87, while asphalt mixture functional layer of which isbetween0.71and1.10, and geotexitle isolation layer is between1.08and2.06. The constraintof the aggregate base to concrete is minimum, and concrete slab buckling deformation ismaximum, and the constraint of asphalt concrete base to concrete is medium, while leanconcrete’s constraint to concrete is maximum, almost no buckling deformation formed.
Through analyzing the effect of long-term performance evaluation index of base course on cement concrete pavement, using grey relation analysis theory, this study establishedprediction model of evaluation index for long-term performance of base. the evaluationmethod of cement concrete pavement, which can be used for forecast evaluation of long-termperformance of base.
By analyzing the effects of cavity on the concrete pavement stress, according to thecalculated value of the maximum stress and the maximum deflection of concrete pavement,the maximum amount of allowed cavity of concrete pavement under the consideration offatigue but without temperature stress was derived. On the condition of adverse loadingposition, the effects of crack(or not)of base, the width and the location of base crack on loadstress and temperature stress of cement concrete pavement were analyzed. The results showthat the presence of cracks damaged the integrity and continuity of the pavement structure, theload stress of pavement structure significantly increased. The functional layer cansignificantly reduce the maximum tensile stress of the slab, and the temperature stress of thepavement structure showing a decreasing trend. Taking full account of the mechanical andphysical properties of different types of base layer, and combining with the improvement ofthe functional layer, the appropriate types of base under different traffic level for hot-moistregions were recommended. Based on the requirements of the long-term performance of thebase, this paper proposed a structure design method for cement concrete pavementconsidering fatigue of both concrete surface layer and base layer.
引文
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