基于OBD-Ⅱ的便携式汽车故障检测仪研究
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摘要
随着现代发动机电控系统越来越复杂,一旦出现故障,在修理时对故障类型的判定也越来越困难,因此汽车故障检测仪已经成为汽车修理过程中必不可少的设备。然而,传统的汽车原厂故障检测仪器存在价格昂贵、通用性差和不易携带等缺点,本文研制了基于OBD-Ⅱ标准的便携式汽车故障检测仪(以下称OBD2检测仪),有效地解决了这些问题。
本论文研制的OBD2检测仪采用单片机作为主控元件,以OBD-Ⅱ标准为基础,诊断协议采用SAE J1979,通信协议遵循ISO 9141-2,当OBD2检测仪与汽车电控单元(ECU)建立链接之后,可以读取和清除汽车诊断故障代码(DTC)。同时,在OBD2检测仪的硬件电路设计中加入了单片机串行接口与RS-232串行接口的电路转换模块,从而可以建立起OBD2检测仪与PC机之间的通信,以便将读取到的汽车故障数据上传给PC机,利用PC机的强大数据处理功能和应用程序开发功能建立基于PC机的汽车故障诊断专家系统,为更好地分析汽车诊断故障数据提供了条件。
在分析了底层软硬件的基础之上,论证了OBD2检测仪具有造价低廉、可靠性高、携带使用方便、功能易于扩展等优点,尤其是便携式的设计使维修人员在户外场合能够读取和清除汽车诊断故障代码。着重叙述了OBD2检测仪的元器件选型,以及使用Protel DXP 2004 SP2进行原理图设计和PCB设计的过程。详细描述了在集成开发环境KeilμVision2下OBD2检测仪监控程序和基于OBD-Ⅱ标准的通信程序开发过程。记述了OBD2检测仪设计中的难点和重点,并给出了具体实现。本文所研制的OBD2检测仪已在汽车修理厂进行了功能实验,实验证明该仪器具有较高的故障诊断性能,特别适合于一般驾驶员或维修人员对车辆的日常检测和故障检查。
With the Electronic Control System of modern engine being more and more complex,once there is any breakdown in the automobile,it will be more and more difficult to confirm the type of the trouble. So the automobile malfunction tester has been the indispensable equipment during repairing.However,the traditional OEM tester has many drawbacks,such as high price,poor versatility and not easy to carry etc.The paper developed the Portable Automobile Malfunction Tester based on OBD-Ⅱ(hereinafter OBD2 tester),and the OBD2 tester has solved the problems above efficiently.
The OBD2 tester,which is based on OBD-Ⅱstandards,adopts MCU as the main control device,employs SAE J1979 as diagnostic protocol, and uses ISO 9141-2 as communication protocol.When linked with the automobile Electronic Control Unit,the OBD2 tester can read and clear the DTC.The circuit conversion module between MCU serial port and serial interface of RS-232 has been added to the hardware circuit of OBD2 tester.When connected with PC,the OBD2 tester will upload the DTC data.We could develop the automobile-malfunction-diagnostic Expert Systembased on PC,which possesses powerful data-processing and applied-program-developing functions,to further analyze DTC data.
The thesis analyzed the OBD2 tester's hardware and software, and meanwhile demonstrated its advantages,such as low price,high dependability,easy to carry,easy to use and easy to be expanded and so on.Especially,the repairman could easily read and clear DTC even being outdoors due to the portable design.The article highlighted the components selection of the OBD2 tester and adoption Integrated Development Environment,that is Protel DXP 2004 SP2,to design schematics and PCB.On the other hand,the paper detailed employing IDE KeilμVision2 to develop monitoring program and communication program based on OBD-Ⅱstandards.The article described the difficulties and focuses in design,and detailed the realization of the OBD2 tester.The OBD2 tester has past the function experimentation in automobile repair shop,and the experiment approved the instrument has a high performance in malfunction diagnosis.In particular,the OBD2 tester is fit for common driver or maintenance personnel to carry through daily examination and malfunction finding.
本论文研制的OBD2检测仪采用单片机作为主控元件,以OBD-Ⅱ标准为基础,诊断协议采用SAE J1979,通信协议遵循ISO 9141-2,当OBD2检测仪与汽车电控单元(ECU)建立链接之后,可以读取和清除汽车诊断故障代码(DTC)。同时,在OBD2检测仪的硬件电路设计中加入了单片机串行接口与RS-232串行接口的电路转换模块,从而可以建立起OBD2检测仪与PC机之间的通信,以便将读取到的汽车故障数据上传给PC机,利用PC机的强大数据处理功能和应用程序开发功能建立基于PC机的汽车故障诊断专家系统,为更好地分析汽车诊断故障数据提供了条件。
在分析了底层软硬件的基础之上,论证了OBD2检测仪具有造价低廉、可靠性高、携带使用方便、功能易于扩展等优点,尤其是便携式的设计使维修人员在户外场合能够读取和清除汽车诊断故障代码。着重叙述了OBD2检测仪的元器件选型,以及使用Protel DXP 2004 SP2进行原理图设计和PCB设计的过程。详细描述了在集成开发环境KeilμVision2下OBD2检测仪监控程序和基于OBD-Ⅱ标准的通信程序开发过程。记述了OBD2检测仪设计中的难点和重点,并给出了具体实现。本文所研制的OBD2检测仪已在汽车修理厂进行了功能实验,实验证明该仪器具有较高的故障诊断性能,特别适合于一般驾驶员或维修人员对车辆的日常检测和故障检查。
With the Electronic Control System of modern engine being more and more complex,once there is any breakdown in the automobile,it will be more and more difficult to confirm the type of the trouble. So the automobile malfunction tester has been the indispensable equipment during repairing.However,the traditional OEM tester has many drawbacks,such as high price,poor versatility and not easy to carry etc.The paper developed the Portable Automobile Malfunction Tester based on OBD-Ⅱ(hereinafter OBD2 tester),and the OBD2 tester has solved the problems above efficiently.
The OBD2 tester,which is based on OBD-Ⅱstandards,adopts MCU as the main control device,employs SAE J1979 as diagnostic protocol, and uses ISO 9141-2 as communication protocol.When linked with the automobile Electronic Control Unit,the OBD2 tester can read and clear the DTC.The circuit conversion module between MCU serial port and serial interface of RS-232 has been added to the hardware circuit of OBD2 tester.When connected with PC,the OBD2 tester will upload the DTC data.We could develop the automobile-malfunction-diagnostic Expert Systembased on PC,which possesses powerful data-processing and applied-program-developing functions,to further analyze DTC data.
The thesis analyzed the OBD2 tester's hardware and software, and meanwhile demonstrated its advantages,such as low price,high dependability,easy to carry,easy to use and easy to be expanded and so on.Especially,the repairman could easily read and clear DTC even being outdoors due to the portable design.The article highlighted the components selection of the OBD2 tester and adoption Integrated Development Environment,that is Protel DXP 2004 SP2,to design schematics and PCB.On the other hand,the paper detailed employing IDE KeilμVision2 to develop monitoring program and communication program based on OBD-Ⅱstandards.The article described the difficulties and focuses in design,and detailed the realization of the OBD2 tester.The OBD2 tester has past the function experimentation in automobile repair shop,and the experiment approved the instrument has a high performance in malfunction diagnosis.In particular,the OBD2 tester is fit for common driver or maintenance personnel to carry through daily examination and malfunction finding.
引文
[1]I.environment policy Air quality & climate:Car pollution:New proposals on OBD systems adages-fuelled vehicles[J].Europe environment,2000,000(3):1-1.
[2]Air quality & climate:Motor vehicles:Consensus on OBD systems[J].Europe environment,2000,000(11):20-20.
[3]Air quality & climate:Vehicle pollution:Directive on OBD systems agreed [J].Europe environment,2000,000(10):6-6.
[4]贾雨.欧Ⅲ标准的挑战[J].汽车与配件,2004,(41):16-17.
[5]郭丽萍.OBD Ⅱ型汽车自诊断系统[J].城市公共交通,2004,(3):35-37.
[6]最新国内外汽车电器(气)与电脑系统维修大全[M].山西科技电子出版社,2004.
[7]OBD-Ⅱ Background.http://www.obdii.com.
[8]高玉民.OBD-Ⅱ随车电脑诊断系统简介[J].中国汽车保修设备,1999,(1):32-35.
[9]杨其校等.第2代车载故障诊断系统[J].汽车技术,2005,(1):43-45.
[10]吴正琴.解码器在汽车故障诊断中的应用[J].西南林学院学报,2004,24(3):55-58.
[11]徐建平.美国第2代及欧洲汽车微机故障诊断系统[J].汽车电器,2003,(6):45-48.
[12]邹长庚,赵琳.现代汽车电子控制系统构造原理与故障诊断(上)——发动机部分[M].北京理工大学出版社,2004.6.
[13]Vehicle Diagnostics Adapter(2)[J].Elektor Electronics,2002,28(316):82-84.
[14]Jan Buiting.OBD 50 years ago[J].Elektor Electronics,2006,32(353):75-75.
[15]徐建平.现代汽车车载自诊断系统效率的分析[J].汽车技术,2004,(5):1-4.
[16]杨利强,明平顺,张腊梅.汽车故障自诊断系统及使用[J].汽车电器,2005,(12):55-57.
[17]高海洋.第二代车载诊断系统(OBD Ⅱ)[J].汽车世界,2003,(7):59-60.
[18]蔡国锐,张雷.汽车故障自诊断及故障诊断技术[J].机械研究与应用,2005,18(4):12-13.
[19]吴友生.电控发动机(引进版)[M].高等教育出版社,2006.3
[20]OBDⅡ:PAST,PRSENT&FUTURE.http://www.obdii.com.
[21]Martin Nathanson.Vehicle Intelligence and Remote Wireless OBD[J].SAE Transactions,2000,109(2):826-837.
[22]徐建平.OBD Ⅱ与EOBD[J].汽车维修,2004,(1):24-26.
[23]SAE J1979,(R)E/E Diagnostic Test Modes[S],2002.4.
[24]庾锡昌等.汽车在线诊断(OBD Ⅱ)通用接口转换器FPGA的设计与实现[J].现代电子技术,2006,(9):127-129.
[25]DIMITRIOS N.TSINOGLOU,GRIGORIOS C.KOLTSAKIS.Evaluation of On-Board Diagnosis Methods for Three-Way Catalytic Converters[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2002,36(23):5270-5278.
[26]宋慧元,吕善伟,王鹏宇.一种汽车故障诊断辅助系统的设计[J].电子工程,2005,(2):28-30.
[27]Koltsakis,G.C.;Stamatelos,A.M..Detection of automotive catalysts failure by use of on-board diagnostics[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,1995,209(3):171-182.
[28]鲁植雄等.汽车动态数据流测试分析2000Q&A[M].人民交通出版社,2005.10.
[29]SAE J1962,(R)Diagnostic Connector[S],2002.4.
[30]李昌禧.智能仪表原理与设计[M].化学工业出版社,2005.2.
[31]杨欣荣.智能仪器原理、设计与发展[M].中南大学出版社,2003.7.
[32]邹久明.微控制器原理与实例[M].化学工业出版社,2003.12.
[33]杨将新等.单片机程序设计及应用从基础到实践[M].电子工业出版社,2006.3.
[34]马忠梅.单片机C语言程序设计[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,1996.
[35]林庭双等.Protel DXP电子电路设计精彩范例[M].机械工业出版社,2005.1.
[36]张睿等.精通Protel DXP 2004电路设计[M].电子工业出版社,2006.
[37]ISO 9141,Road vehicles-Diagnostic systems-Requirements for interchange of digital information[S],1989.10.1.
[38]ISO 9141-2,Road vehicles-Diagnostic systems-Part 2:CARB requirements for interchange of digital information[S],1994.02.1.
[39]ISO 9141-2,Road vehicles-Diagnostic systems-Part 2:CARB requirements for interchange of digital information AMENDMENT 1[S],1996.12.1.
[40]ISO 9141-3,1998 Road vehicles-Diagnostic systems-Part 3:Verification of the communication between vehicle and OBD Ⅱ scan tool[S],1998.
[41]Mark Warren等.运用OBD Ⅱ的模式6进行故障诊断[J].汽车维修与保养,2002,(8):36-37.
[42]王新盛等.汽车通信协议数据流的采集研究[J].计算机工程,2001,27(2)169-170:183.
[43]王锦俞等.OBD Ⅱ诊断故障码总表(二)--美国现行的动力系故障码[J].汽车维修与保养,2003,(8):66-67.
[2]Air quality & climate:Motor vehicles:Consensus on OBD systems[J].Europe environment,2000,000(11):20-20.
[3]Air quality & climate:Vehicle pollution:Directive on OBD systems agreed [J].Europe environment,2000,000(10):6-6.
[4]贾雨.欧Ⅲ标准的挑战[J].汽车与配件,2004,(41):16-17.
[5]郭丽萍.OBD Ⅱ型汽车自诊断系统[J].城市公共交通,2004,(3):35-37.
[6]最新国内外汽车电器(气)与电脑系统维修大全[M].山西科技电子出版社,2004.
[7]OBD-Ⅱ Background.http://www.obdii.com.
[8]高玉民.OBD-Ⅱ随车电脑诊断系统简介[J].中国汽车保修设备,1999,(1):32-35.
[9]杨其校等.第2代车载故障诊断系统[J].汽车技术,2005,(1):43-45.
[10]吴正琴.解码器在汽车故障诊断中的应用[J].西南林学院学报,2004,24(3):55-58.
[11]徐建平.美国第2代及欧洲汽车微机故障诊断系统[J].汽车电器,2003,(6):45-48.
[12]邹长庚,赵琳.现代汽车电子控制系统构造原理与故障诊断(上)——发动机部分[M].北京理工大学出版社,2004.6.
[13]Vehicle Diagnostics Adapter(2)[J].Elektor Electronics,2002,28(316):82-84.
[14]Jan Buiting.OBD 50 years ago[J].Elektor Electronics,2006,32(353):75-75.
[15]徐建平.现代汽车车载自诊断系统效率的分析[J].汽车技术,2004,(5):1-4.
[16]杨利强,明平顺,张腊梅.汽车故障自诊断系统及使用[J].汽车电器,2005,(12):55-57.
[17]高海洋.第二代车载诊断系统(OBD Ⅱ)[J].汽车世界,2003,(7):59-60.
[18]蔡国锐,张雷.汽车故障自诊断及故障诊断技术[J].机械研究与应用,2005,18(4):12-13.
[19]吴友生.电控发动机(引进版)[M].高等教育出版社,2006.3
[20]OBDⅡ:PAST,PRSENT&FUTURE.http://www.obdii.com.
[21]Martin Nathanson.Vehicle Intelligence and Remote Wireless OBD[J].SAE Transactions,2000,109(2):826-837.
[22]徐建平.OBD Ⅱ与EOBD[J].汽车维修,2004,(1):24-26.
[23]SAE J1979,(R)E/E Diagnostic Test Modes[S],2002.4.
[24]庾锡昌等.汽车在线诊断(OBD Ⅱ)通用接口转换器FPGA的设计与实现[J].现代电子技术,2006,(9):127-129.
[25]DIMITRIOS N.TSINOGLOU,GRIGORIOS C.KOLTSAKIS.Evaluation of On-Board Diagnosis Methods for Three-Way Catalytic Converters[J].Environmental Science & Technology,2002,36(23):5270-5278.
[26]宋慧元,吕善伟,王鹏宇.一种汽车故障诊断辅助系统的设计[J].电子工程,2005,(2):28-30.
[27]Koltsakis,G.C.;Stamatelos,A.M..Detection of automotive catalysts failure by use of on-board diagnostics[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,Part D:Journal of Automobile Engineering,1995,209(3):171-182.
[28]鲁植雄等.汽车动态数据流测试分析2000Q&A[M].人民交通出版社,2005.10.
[29]SAE J1962,(R)Diagnostic Connector[S],2002.4.
[30]李昌禧.智能仪表原理与设计[M].化学工业出版社,2005.2.
[31]杨欣荣.智能仪器原理、设计与发展[M].中南大学出版社,2003.7.
[32]邹久明.微控制器原理与实例[M].化学工业出版社,2003.12.
[33]杨将新等.单片机程序设计及应用从基础到实践[M].电子工业出版社,2006.3.
[34]马忠梅.单片机C语言程序设计[M].北京航空航天大学出版社,1996.
[35]林庭双等.Protel DXP电子电路设计精彩范例[M].机械工业出版社,2005.1.
[36]张睿等.精通Protel DXP 2004电路设计[M].电子工业出版社,2006.
[37]ISO 9141,Road vehicles-Diagnostic systems-Requirements for interchange of digital information[S],1989.10.1.
[38]ISO 9141-2,Road vehicles-Diagnostic systems-Part 2:CARB requirements for interchange of digital information[S],1994.02.1.
[39]ISO 9141-2,Road vehicles-Diagnostic systems-Part 2:CARB requirements for interchange of digital information AMENDMENT 1[S],1996.12.1.
[40]ISO 9141-3,1998 Road vehicles-Diagnostic systems-Part 3:Verification of the communication between vehicle and OBD Ⅱ scan tool[S],1998.
[41]Mark Warren等.运用OBD Ⅱ的模式6进行故障诊断[J].汽车维修与保养,2002,(8):36-37.
[42]王新盛等.汽车通信协议数据流的采集研究[J].计算机工程,2001,27(2)169-170:183.
[43]王锦俞等.OBD Ⅱ诊断故障码总表(二)--美国现行的动力系故障码[J].汽车维修与保养,2003,(8):66-67.