木工圆锯机转子系统动力学研究
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摘要
本文通过对木工圆锯机结构、支承轴承特性及工作过程的分析,以国产MJ-90精密裁板锯转子系统(锯片、塔轮、锯轴、夹持装置和支承轴承)为研究对象,首次将木工圆锯机旋转构件作为转子系统,运用美国Rotating Machinery Analysis公司开发的大型转子系统动力学商业软件包XLROTOR,建立了木工圆锯机转子系统动力学模型。
该模型可以考虑木工圆锯机各旋转构件(如锯片、夹盘、紧固螺母、主轴、皮带塔轮等零部件)的结构和安装位置对圆锯机系统动力学性能影响,同时还能考虑支承轴承的结构参数、工作参数及其安装位置对该系统动力学性能的影响。对于木工圆锯机可以考虑上述因素的模型,到目前为止还未见诸相关文献。在此基础上通过大量的分析计算,本文对木工圆锯机的动力学性能进行了较为详细的研究,所得主要结论如下;
1.木工圆锯机转子系统存在陀螺效应,且陀螺效应对木工圆锯机转子系统的临界转速有较大影响。并且,转子系统主要零部件的陀螺效应与转子系统临界转速关系密切。例如,圆锯片直径大小对转子系统临界转速影响较大,在木工圆锯机的设计中,尤其要重视直径较大的薄圆盘零部件对木工圆锯机动态性能的影响。
2.通过大量的计算分析得出,木工圆锯机的悬臂长度和支承跨距之比在0.349～0.52之间时,转子系统能够获得最高一阶临界转速。因此,从提高转子系统临界转速的角度出发,在设计支承跨距与悬臂长度时,应当遵循悬臂长度与支承跨距比的最佳动力学关系的原则。
3.建立了转子系统主要零部件不平衡量与安装圆锯片处轴心不平衡响应关系曲线;并通过转子系统主要零部件不平衡量对圆锯片中心不平衡响应影响的研究,得出如下结论;在外夹盘、圆锯片、塔轮、锯轴各自不平衡量及其综合不平衡量(对称相位)对圆锯片中心不平衡响应的影响中,圆锯片和外夹盘的不平衡量是主要因素。并且,应当重点控制因主要零部件材质不均引起的不平衡量,这也是造成锯路过量损耗的主要因素之一。
4.依据锯轴涡动现象建立了悬臂式木工圆锯机的锯路损失(ΔB)数学计算公式;AB=2(?)式中;θ=arctan[3Ia+2LI_a/a(Ia+LI_a)y_1],为设计提供参考依据。
5.依据XLROTOR的不平衡响应振幅计算结果,对主要零部件不平衡量造成的锯路损失进行了分析后得出;为了减少锯路损失,总体上控制各主要零部件因材质不均造成的不平衡量,比提高它们的公差等级更为有效。
Through analyzing the structure of wood-working circular saw machine,the features of its bearing axletree and the working process and taking the homemade MJ-90 panel saw rotor system(saw, clamping device,step pulley,saw spindle,and the bearing system)as the research object,this paper, for the first time,take the wood-working circular saw as the rotor system and use XLROTOR,which is a business software package of big rotor system dynamics developed Rotating Machinery Analysis Ltd, to set up a dynamics model of wood-working circular saw rotor system.
This model includes not only the effects on the dynamic capability of wood-working circular saw machine by the structure and installing position of each rotary components(such as saw,flange, fastening nut,principle axis,pulley,and so on)of wood-working circular saw machine,but also the effects by the structural parameter,working parameter,and the installing position of the bearing axletree. For the aforesaid model of which the wood-working circular saw machine could include the above-mentioned factors,we haven't seen it in any relevant published works so far.Based on it and with a number of analysis and calculations,this paper makes a relative detailed research and makes the main conclusions as following;
1.The gyroscopic effect exists in the rotor system of wood-working circular saw machine,and seriously influences the critical speed of the rotor system.And there also is a close relation between the gyroscopic effect of the main parts of rotor system and the critical speed of the rotor system.For example,the diameter size of circular saw has a greater effect on the critical speed.When design the wood-working circular saw machine,it is especially important to considerate the effect of the dynamic capability of the wood-working circular saw machine by the bigger-size saw parts..
2.Through a number of calculations,this paper comes into a result that the rotor system can reach the top-degree critical speed when the ratio of the cantilever of wood-working circular saw machine and the bearing span is between 0.349 and 0.52.Therefore,to improve the critical speed of rotor system, when we design the bearing span and the cantilever length we should conform to the best dynamic relation between them.
3.This paper sets up a curve for the relation between the imbalance size of the main parts of rotor system and the imbalance response of the circular saw center.The conclusions for the research on the imbalance influence of the imbalance amounts of rotor system main parts to the imbalance response of the circular saw center are;among the imbalance response of the circular saw center by respective imbalance amounts and their integrated imbalance amounts(symmetrical phase)of external flange, circular saw,step pulley,and saw axis,the one of extemal flange and circular saw is the main factor.In addition,we should control the imbalance amounts caused by the difference of materials which is also one of the main factors for the loss of saw kerfs.
4.According to the phenomenon of the saw axis vortex motion,this paper establishes a calculation formula for the loss of saw kerf(ΔB)of cantilever wood-working circular saw machine to provide a reference for design;
5.According to the calculation result of the imbalance response amplitude by XLROTOR,this paper analyzes and calculates the loss of saw kerf caused by the imbalanced amounts of main parts and makes this conclusion;To reduce the loss of saw kerf,it is more efficient to generally control the imbalance amounts cause by the different materials of main parts than to improve their tolerance.
该模型可以考虑木工圆锯机各旋转构件(如锯片、夹盘、紧固螺母、主轴、皮带塔轮等零部件)的结构和安装位置对圆锯机系统动力学性能影响,同时还能考虑支承轴承的结构参数、工作参数及其安装位置对该系统动力学性能的影响。对于木工圆锯机可以考虑上述因素的模型,到目前为止还未见诸相关文献。在此基础上通过大量的分析计算,本文对木工圆锯机的动力学性能进行了较为详细的研究,所得主要结论如下;
1.木工圆锯机转子系统存在陀螺效应,且陀螺效应对木工圆锯机转子系统的临界转速有较大影响。并且,转子系统主要零部件的陀螺效应与转子系统临界转速关系密切。例如,圆锯片直径大小对转子系统临界转速影响较大,在木工圆锯机的设计中,尤其要重视直径较大的薄圆盘零部件对木工圆锯机动态性能的影响。
2.通过大量的计算分析得出,木工圆锯机的悬臂长度和支承跨距之比在0.349～0.52之间时,转子系统能够获得最高一阶临界转速。因此,从提高转子系统临界转速的角度出发,在设计支承跨距与悬臂长度时,应当遵循悬臂长度与支承跨距比的最佳动力学关系的原则。
3.建立了转子系统主要零部件不平衡量与安装圆锯片处轴心不平衡响应关系曲线;并通过转子系统主要零部件不平衡量对圆锯片中心不平衡响应影响的研究,得出如下结论;在外夹盘、圆锯片、塔轮、锯轴各自不平衡量及其综合不平衡量(对称相位)对圆锯片中心不平衡响应的影响中,圆锯片和外夹盘的不平衡量是主要因素。并且,应当重点控制因主要零部件材质不均引起的不平衡量,这也是造成锯路过量损耗的主要因素之一。
4.依据锯轴涡动现象建立了悬臂式木工圆锯机的锯路损失(ΔB)数学计算公式;AB=2(?)式中;θ=arctan[3Ia+2LI_a/a(Ia+LI_a)y_1],为设计提供参考依据。
5.依据XLROTOR的不平衡响应振幅计算结果,对主要零部件不平衡量造成的锯路损失进行了分析后得出;为了减少锯路损失,总体上控制各主要零部件因材质不均造成的不平衡量,比提高它们的公差等级更为有效。
Through analyzing the structure of wood-working circular saw machine,the features of its bearing axletree and the working process and taking the homemade MJ-90 panel saw rotor system(saw, clamping device,step pulley,saw spindle,and the bearing system)as the research object,this paper, for the first time,take the wood-working circular saw as the rotor system and use XLROTOR,which is a business software package of big rotor system dynamics developed Rotating Machinery Analysis Ltd, to set up a dynamics model of wood-working circular saw rotor system.
This model includes not only the effects on the dynamic capability of wood-working circular saw machine by the structure and installing position of each rotary components(such as saw,flange, fastening nut,principle axis,pulley,and so on)of wood-working circular saw machine,but also the effects by the structural parameter,working parameter,and the installing position of the bearing axletree. For the aforesaid model of which the wood-working circular saw machine could include the above-mentioned factors,we haven't seen it in any relevant published works so far.Based on it and with a number of analysis and calculations,this paper makes a relative detailed research and makes the main conclusions as following;
1.The gyroscopic effect exists in the rotor system of wood-working circular saw machine,and seriously influences the critical speed of the rotor system.And there also is a close relation between the gyroscopic effect of the main parts of rotor system and the critical speed of the rotor system.For example,the diameter size of circular saw has a greater effect on the critical speed.When design the wood-working circular saw machine,it is especially important to considerate the effect of the dynamic capability of the wood-working circular saw machine by the bigger-size saw parts..
2.Through a number of calculations,this paper comes into a result that the rotor system can reach the top-degree critical speed when the ratio of the cantilever of wood-working circular saw machine and the bearing span is between 0.349 and 0.52.Therefore,to improve the critical speed of rotor system, when we design the bearing span and the cantilever length we should conform to the best dynamic relation between them.
3.This paper sets up a curve for the relation between the imbalance size of the main parts of rotor system and the imbalance response of the circular saw center.The conclusions for the research on the imbalance influence of the imbalance amounts of rotor system main parts to the imbalance response of the circular saw center are;among the imbalance response of the circular saw center by respective imbalance amounts and their integrated imbalance amounts(symmetrical phase)of external flange, circular saw,step pulley,and saw axis,the one of extemal flange and circular saw is the main factor.In addition,we should control the imbalance amounts caused by the difference of materials which is also one of the main factors for the loss of saw kerfs.
4.According to the phenomenon of the saw axis vortex motion,this paper establishes a calculation formula for the loss of saw kerf(ΔB)of cantilever wood-working circular saw machine to provide a reference for design;
5.According to the calculation result of the imbalance response amplitude by XLROTOR,this paper analyzes and calculates the loss of saw kerf caused by the imbalanced amounts of main parts and makes this conclusion;To reduce the loss of saw kerf,it is more efficient to generally control the imbalance amounts cause by the different materials of main parts than to improve their tolerance.
引文
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