高速动平衡实验台的开发与研制
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摘要
转子振动的大小是衡量回转机械运行状态好坏的标志之一,质量不平衡的转子在旋转时所产生的不平衡力作用于轴承,并通过轴承以振动的形式表现出来。平衡的作用就是减少转子挠曲,降低机组振动,减少机组的轴承和基础的反动力,保证机组安全、可靠地运行。随着高参数大容量机组地不断出现,要求机组的振动越小越好。
本文开展了一系列的工作,系统性的开发与研制了高速动平衡实验台,并对解决这方面的问题提出了自己的观点和技术方案,通过设备的改造和试验,对其可行性进行了验证。
The value of rotor oscillation is one of signs judging the running stage of rotary machine. Unbalanced force, which is generated by rotating mass unbalance rotor acts on the mechanical bearing, and it is, represented though vibration. The effect of the balance is to reduce the bending of the rotor, decrease the vibration of the unit, and diminish the reaction of the bearings and the base of the unit. So the unit can be guaranteed operating safely and reliably. With the development of high parameters and large capacity unit, the smaller of unit oscillation is the better.
In the paper, series of work has been done to research and develop high-speed balancing experiment rig. Some viewpoints and technical program were put forward to solve the problem; the feasibility was certified via modification and test of equipment.
本文开展了一系列的工作,系统性的开发与研制了高速动平衡实验台,并对解决这方面的问题提出了自己的观点和技术方案,通过设备的改造和试验,对其可行性进行了验证。
The value of rotor oscillation is one of signs judging the running stage of rotary machine. Unbalanced force, which is generated by rotating mass unbalance rotor acts on the mechanical bearing, and it is, represented though vibration. The effect of the balance is to reduce the bending of the rotor, decrease the vibration of the unit, and diminish the reaction of the bearings and the base of the unit. So the unit can be guaranteed operating safely and reliably. With the development of high parameters and large capacity unit, the smaller of unit oscillation is the better.
In the paper, series of work has been done to research and develop high-speed balancing experiment rig. Some viewpoints and technical program were put forward to solve the problem; the feasibility was certified via modification and test of equipment.
引文
[1]沈士一,庄贺庆,康松,等.汽轮机原理.北京:水利电力出版社,1992.21~22
[2]张游祖,施维新.汽轮发电机组的振动及转子找平衡.北京:水利电力出版社,1985.188~189
[3]陆宋元.汽轮发电机组的振动.北京:中国电力出版社,1990. 121~122
[4]容銮恩.燃煤锅炉机组.北京:中国电力出版社,1998.221~223
[5]郑鸿祥.电业手册.北京:中国水利电力出版社,1975. 31~32
[6]赵鸿逵.热力设备检修工艺学. 北京:水利电力出版社,1988. 131~135
[7]赵鸿逵.热力设备检修工艺学. 北京:冶金工业出版社,1998. 235~255
[8]管道安装工艺与实习. 北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,1992. 31~32
[9]热力设备检修基础工艺.北京:中国电力出版社,1994. 291~332
[10]周漠红.流体力学泵与风机.北京:中国建设出版社,1981. 131~135
[11]苏福临.流体力学泵与风机.北京:中国建设出版社,1985. 134~136
[12]席洪藻. 汽轮机设备及运行.北京:水利电力出版社,1988. 331~335
[13]韩中合,田松峰,等.火电厂汽轮机设备及运行.北京:中国电力出版社,2000. 132~133
[14]高澎梵. 汽轮机设备检修. 北京:中国电力出版社,2004. 243~245
[15]DL\T 596-1996,电力设备预防性试验规,1987. 43~44
[16]李润林,孙为民.热力设备安装与检修. 北京:中国电力出版社,2006. 243~245
[17]张誉.混凝土结构基本原理. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000. 93~95
[18]周爱军. 混凝土结构设计与施工细部计算示例. 北京:机械工业出版社,2004. 213~215
[19]俞茂弘,汪惠雄.材料力学. 北京:高等教育出版社,1989. 143~145
[20]郑州机械所振动强度组.大型柔性转子和轴系动平衡技术综述机械强度,1978.23~28
[21]Fedesn. K. Multiple Balancing of Elastic Rotors. Fundamental Theories&Practical Application,1956.36~42
[22]唐锡宽.机械动力学.高教出版社,1986.131~142
[23]张正松.旋转机械振动监测及故障诊断.机械工业出版社,1991.237~238
[24]Bishop R. E. D&Parkinson A. G. Vibration&Balancing of Flexible Shifts. Appl. Mech. Rer. 1968. 27~36
[25]L. S. Moore&E. D. G. Dodd. Balancing of Large Turbine Rotors. VPI- Berichte. 1971.161~169
[26]C. Y.Han. Balancing of High Speed Machinery .Transactions of The ASME. 1980.66~73
[27]KOKI Shiohata. Balancing Method of Multi-Span.1980. 185~194
[28]Stroh. C. J. Mackemzie and J. Rebstock dons for low seed and operating speed balancing of rotating equipment. Proceedings of the 25 Turbomachinery Symposium 1996. 25~88
[29]Lyon.D.E Thoughts on 1996 CMVA presenters questions:in-situ balancing. Proceedings of the sixteenth Machinery Vibration Seminar 1997. 128~158
[30]A.G.Parkinson.The Balancing of Flexible Rotor. Proc.Iutam Symposium on Dynamics of Rotors. 1974. 413~426
[31]彭达.大型汽轮发电机组现场动平衡.全国首届转子动力学学术会议,1986. 10
[32]张 勇 .大 型 汽 轮 机 组 高 效 动 平 衡 技 术 的 研 究 . 哈 尔 滨 工 业 大 学 硕 士 论文.1998.1~2
[33]王正,李苹.转子动力学的展望,哈尔滨工业大学学报。1998, Vol 30; 1
[34]顾家柳.二转子动力学. 北京:国防工业出版社,1985.128~129
[35]Federn.Multi-plane Balancing of Elastic Rotors-FundamentalTheories and Practical Application .International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery. 1956.128~131
[36]Parkinson A.G.An intrusion to the Vibration of Balancing Flexible Shafts. Bulletion of Mechanical Engineering Education. 1967, (10): 47~50
[37]Bishop R.E.D.The Vibration of Rotating Shafts.Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 1959. 1 (8):50~53
[38]Bishop R. E. D&Parkinson A. G. On the Isolation of Modes. In the Balancing Flexible Shafts. Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers. 1963.6 (10):407~411
[39]Gladwell.G. M. I. and Bishop. R. E. D. The Vibrations of Rotating Shafts Supported in Flexible Bearings .Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 1959. (2):65~70
[40]Bishop R. E. D and Gladwell,G. M. L. The Vibrations and Balancing of an Unbalanced Flexible Rotor. journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 1959,(2):66~70
[41]Lund J W. Stability and Damped Critical Speeds of a Flexible Rotor in Fluid-film Bwarings.ASME J. of Engrg. For Industry, 1974.96(2 ): 509~517
[42]Goodman T.P.A Least-Squares Method for Computing Balancing Corrections.Transaction of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1964. 23 (13):239~273
[43]Darlow M. S. Smalley A. J and Parkinson A. G. Demonstration of a Unif ied Approach to the Balancing of Flexible Rotors ASME PAPER .0~87
[44]Darlow M S Smalley A J and Parkinson A G A Unified Approach to Flexible Rotor Balancing Journal of Sound and Vibration 1980. 489~506
[45]Parkinson A G Darlow M S Smalley A J A Theoretical Introduction to the Development of a Unified Approach to Flexible Rotor Balancing JOURNL OF Sound and Vibration 1990.489~506
[46]白万博.机械振动讲演文集,(上).郑州机械研究所,1984.35~52
[47] Gnielka,P .Modal Balancing of Flexible Rotors Without Test Runs .,journal of Sound and Vibration.1983, 90(2):157~172
[48]晏砺堂.结构系统动力特性分析.北京航空航天大学出版社:1989. 57~72
[49]顾家柳.转子动力学研究中的若干问题.航空动力学报:Vol.2, No. 3,1987,193~198
[50]张厚生.汽轮发电机组的现场最佳动平衡计算方法,动力工程:1983,(5)14~18
[51]张厚生.汽轮发电机组的现场平衡效果的评价方法.动力工程:1986,(3)12~13
[52] 顾 晃 , 杨 建 明 . 减 少 转 子 动 平 衡 启 机 次 数 的 优 化 方 法 . 电 力 技术.1985,(4):38~47
[53]张厚琪.幅频、相频特性曲线模态计算平衡法.全国首届转子动力学学术会议,1986. 19
[54]朱闯,朱继海.转子动不平衡识别中的数据处理方法.全国首届转子力学学术会议,1986,18
[55]朱梓根.利用不平衡相应进行本机平衡方法的研究.全国首届转子力学学术会议,1986.10
[56]Gnielka, P. Modal Balancing of Flexible Rotors Without Test Runs:An Experimental Investigation. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1983.90 (2):157 ~172
[57]Moton,P .G,Modal Balancing of Flexible Shafts Without Trial Weights. Proceedings of Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 1985.82~85
[58] 王 海 良 , 刘 思 汉 . 柔 性 转 子 无 试 重 平 衡 法 的 实 验 研 究 . 振 动 与 冲击.1992.(3):57~65
[59]Lee, C. W. and Kim, Y. D. Modle Balancing of Flexible Rotors during Operation Design and Manual Operation of Balancing Head. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 1987. 201(5):349~355
[60]Lee, Ching. Won and Yong John. Automatic Mode Balancing of FlexibleRotors during Operation Computer Controled Balancing Head. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 1990. 204(1):19~28
[2]张游祖,施维新.汽轮发电机组的振动及转子找平衡.北京:水利电力出版社,1985.188~189
[3]陆宋元.汽轮发电机组的振动.北京:中国电力出版社,1990. 121~122
[4]容銮恩.燃煤锅炉机组.北京:中国电力出版社,1998.221~223
[5]郑鸿祥.电业手册.北京:中国水利电力出版社,1975. 31~32
[6]赵鸿逵.热力设备检修工艺学. 北京:水利电力出版社,1988. 131~135
[7]赵鸿逵.热力设备检修工艺学. 北京:冶金工业出版社,1998. 235~255
[8]管道安装工艺与实习. 北京:中国劳动社会保障出版社,1992. 31~32
[9]热力设备检修基础工艺.北京:中国电力出版社,1994. 291~332
[10]周漠红.流体力学泵与风机.北京:中国建设出版社,1981. 131~135
[11]苏福临.流体力学泵与风机.北京:中国建设出版社,1985. 134~136
[12]席洪藻. 汽轮机设备及运行.北京:水利电力出版社,1988. 331~335
[13]韩中合,田松峰,等.火电厂汽轮机设备及运行.北京:中国电力出版社,2000. 132~133
[14]高澎梵. 汽轮机设备检修. 北京:中国电力出版社,2004. 243~245
[15]DL\T 596-1996,电力设备预防性试验规,1987. 43~44
[16]李润林,孙为民.热力设备安装与检修. 北京:中国电力出版社,2006. 243~245
[17]张誉.混凝土结构基本原理. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000. 93~95
[18]周爱军. 混凝土结构设计与施工细部计算示例. 北京:机械工业出版社,2004. 213~215
[19]俞茂弘,汪惠雄.材料力学. 北京:高等教育出版社,1989. 143~145
[20]郑州机械所振动强度组.大型柔性转子和轴系动平衡技术综述机械强度,1978.23~28
[21]Fedesn. K. Multiple Balancing of Elastic Rotors. Fundamental Theories&Practical Application,1956.36~42
[22]唐锡宽.机械动力学.高教出版社,1986.131~142
[23]张正松.旋转机械振动监测及故障诊断.机械工业出版社,1991.237~238
[24]Bishop R. E. D&Parkinson A. G. Vibration&Balancing of Flexible Shifts. Appl. Mech. Rer. 1968. 27~36
[25]L. S. Moore&E. D. G. Dodd. Balancing of Large Turbine Rotors. VPI- Berichte. 1971.161~169
[26]C. Y.Han. Balancing of High Speed Machinery .Transactions of The ASME. 1980.66~73
[27]KOKI Shiohata. Balancing Method of Multi-Span.1980. 185~194
[28]Stroh. C. J. Mackemzie and J. Rebstock dons for low seed and operating speed balancing of rotating equipment. Proceedings of the 25 Turbomachinery Symposium 1996. 25~88
[29]Lyon.D.E Thoughts on 1996 CMVA presenters questions:in-situ balancing. Proceedings of the sixteenth Machinery Vibration Seminar 1997. 128~158
[30]A.G.Parkinson.The Balancing of Flexible Rotor. Proc.Iutam Symposium on Dynamics of Rotors. 1974. 413~426
[31]彭达.大型汽轮发电机组现场动平衡.全国首届转子动力学学术会议,1986. 10
[32]张 勇 .大 型 汽 轮 机 组 高 效 动 平 衡 技 术 的 研 究 . 哈 尔 滨 工 业 大 学 硕 士 论文.1998.1~2
[33]王正,李苹.转子动力学的展望,哈尔滨工业大学学报。1998, Vol 30; 1
[34]顾家柳.二转子动力学. 北京:国防工业出版社,1985.128~129
[35]Federn.Multi-plane Balancing of Elastic Rotors-FundamentalTheories and Practical Application .International Conference on Vibrations in Rotating Machinery. 1956.128~131
[36]Parkinson A.G.An intrusion to the Vibration of Balancing Flexible Shafts. Bulletion of Mechanical Engineering Education. 1967, (10): 47~50
[37]Bishop R.E.D.The Vibration of Rotating Shafts.Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 1959. 1 (8):50~53
[38]Bishop R. E. D&Parkinson A. G. On the Isolation of Modes. In the Balancing Flexible Shafts. Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers. 1963.6 (10):407~411
[39]Gladwell.G. M. I. and Bishop. R. E. D. The Vibrations of Rotating Shafts Supported in Flexible Bearings .Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 1959. (2):65~70
[40]Bishop R. E. D and Gladwell,G. M. L. The Vibrations and Balancing of an Unbalanced Flexible Rotor. journal of Mechanical Engineering Science. 1959,(2):66~70
[41]Lund J W. Stability and Damped Critical Speeds of a Flexible Rotor in Fluid-film Bwarings.ASME J. of Engrg. For Industry, 1974.96(2 ): 509~517
[42]Goodman T.P.A Least-Squares Method for Computing Balancing Corrections.Transaction of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1964. 23 (13):239~273
[43]Darlow M. S. Smalley A. J and Parkinson A. G. Demonstration of a Unif ied Approach to the Balancing of Flexible Rotors ASME PAPER .0~87
[44]Darlow M S Smalley A J and Parkinson A G A Unified Approach to Flexible Rotor Balancing Journal of Sound and Vibration 1980. 489~506
[45]Parkinson A G Darlow M S Smalley A J A Theoretical Introduction to the Development of a Unified Approach to Flexible Rotor Balancing JOURNL OF Sound and Vibration 1990.489~506
[46]白万博.机械振动讲演文集,(上).郑州机械研究所,1984.35~52
[47] Gnielka,P .Modal Balancing of Flexible Rotors Without Test Runs .,journal of Sound and Vibration.1983, 90(2):157~172
[48]晏砺堂.结构系统动力特性分析.北京航空航天大学出版社:1989. 57~72
[49]顾家柳.转子动力学研究中的若干问题.航空动力学报:Vol.2, No. 3,1987,193~198
[50]张厚生.汽轮发电机组的现场最佳动平衡计算方法,动力工程:1983,(5)14~18
[51]张厚生.汽轮发电机组的现场平衡效果的评价方法.动力工程:1986,(3)12~13
[52] 顾 晃 , 杨 建 明 . 减 少 转 子 动 平 衡 启 机 次 数 的 优 化 方 法 . 电 力 技术.1985,(4):38~47
[53]张厚琪.幅频、相频特性曲线模态计算平衡法.全国首届转子动力学学术会议,1986. 19
[54]朱闯,朱继海.转子动不平衡识别中的数据处理方法.全国首届转子力学学术会议,1986,18
[55]朱梓根.利用不平衡相应进行本机平衡方法的研究.全国首届转子力学学术会议,1986.10
[56]Gnielka, P. Modal Balancing of Flexible Rotors Without Test Runs:An Experimental Investigation. Journal of Sound and Vibration. 1983.90 (2):157 ~172
[57]Moton,P .G,Modal Balancing of Flexible Shafts Without Trial Weights. Proceedings of Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 1985.82~85
[58] 王 海 良 , 刘 思 汉 . 柔 性 转 子 无 试 重 平 衡 法 的 实 验 研 究 . 振 动 与 冲击.1992.(3):57~65
[59]Lee, C. W. and Kim, Y. D. Modle Balancing of Flexible Rotors during Operation Design and Manual Operation of Balancing Head. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 1987. 201(5):349~355
[60]Lee, Ching. Won and Yong John. Automatic Mode Balancing of FlexibleRotors during Operation Computer Controled Balancing Head. Institution of Mechanical Engineers. 1990. 204(1):19~28
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