高速轮胎试验机整体结构动态特性研究
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摘要
本文通过现代机械设计理论,采用动态子结构方法对复杂机械系统——汽车高速轮胎试验机进行动力分析、模型仿真、结构修改及动态优化,已达到预期的要求。
根据动态子结构方法可将高速轮胎试验机分为机架和转毂。其中机架是高速轮胎试验台重要的组成部分,其性能直接影响试验台在高速、高载荷作用下的安全性、可靠性。通过有限元分析ANSYS软件的动态分析计算,得出机架的动态指标。通过有限元分析ANSYS软件的动态分析计算,得出机架的动态指标。对于轮毂部分,基于静力学并通过有限元软件ANSYS的二次开发语言APDL进行了ANSYS命令流的编制,建立了人字架结构的参数化有限元模型,利用循环及分支语句提取了人字架侧倾运动过程中不同幅度的应力应变图象及重要位置的应力变化曲线图,实现了人字架结构的运动数值仿真。对于轮毂部分,通过ANSYS及Pro/MECHANICA对转鼓结构进行了动态分析得到转鼓的低阶模态和振型,分析了主要结构参数对转鼓动态特性的影响,最终确定了合理的转鼓结构参数。
基于对机架和轮毂的动态分析,在确认了机架与轮毂的约束方式后,文中又对高速轮胎试验机机架和轮毂作为统一整体进行计算分析,在模态分析中发现高速轮胎试验机整体一阶固有频率不仅与约束有关,还与约束条件及接触方式有关。在满足固有频率、强度、刚度等要求的条件下,使高速轮胎试验机的机架和轮毂的质量最小,是文中研究的另一个课题。首先在确定约束方式下,利用有限元模态分析方法对机架和轮毂进行了动、静态分析,得到了高速轮胎试验平台整体的变形、应力及各阶振型与频率。经分析比较,确定了最佳的经济指标和性能指标。确保了高速轮胎动态特性试验台的稳定运行。
Through the modern theory of mechanical design, dynamic approach to the complex structure of the sub-mechanical systems - high-speed tire experiment machine for dynamic analysis, simulation models, structural changes and dynamic optimization has been achieved.
According to the dynamic substructure method can be divided into high-speed tire testing machine to rack and wheel. Tire Rack which is a high-speed test bench important component of its direct impact on the performance test-bed in the high-speed, high-load of security, reliability. Through the ANSYS software for dynamic analysis of the calculated rack dynamic targets. The hub, based on the statics and through finite element software ANSYS secondary development of the APDL had linguistic ANSYS order flow establishment, the establishment of a Renzi Jia structural parameters of the finite element model, circulation and use of statements extracted branch Renzi Jia Roll movement in the process of a different magnitude of stress and strain in an important position and image of the stress changes in the curve, Renzi Jia realized the structure of the movement simulation; Finally, ANSYS and Pro / MECHANICA drum on the structure of dynamic analysis to be Point of low-level mode and vibration mode, an analysis of the structure of the main parameters of the drum dynamic characteristics of the end of the drum to determine the reasonable parameters of the structure.
Based on the wheel and rack dynamic analysis, confirmed the rack and wheel bound manner, the paper also high-speed tire testing machine and rack wheels are calculated as the overall analysis, modal analysis found that high-speed tire testing machine Overall first-order natural frequency not only with the constraints, but also with the constraints and access to relevant way. In meeting the natural frequency, intensity, stiffness, and other required conditions, so that the high-speed tire testing machine and the wheel rack of the quality of the smallest, is another research paper topics. First of all, to identify constraints in the way, the use of finite element analysis on the mode wheel rack and had a dynamic and static analysis, has been high-speed tire test platform for the overall deformation, stress and vibration mode and frequency bands.
根据动态子结构方法可将高速轮胎试验机分为机架和转毂。其中机架是高速轮胎试验台重要的组成部分,其性能直接影响试验台在高速、高载荷作用下的安全性、可靠性。通过有限元分析ANSYS软件的动态分析计算,得出机架的动态指标。通过有限元分析ANSYS软件的动态分析计算,得出机架的动态指标。对于轮毂部分,基于静力学并通过有限元软件ANSYS的二次开发语言APDL进行了ANSYS命令流的编制,建立了人字架结构的参数化有限元模型,利用循环及分支语句提取了人字架侧倾运动过程中不同幅度的应力应变图象及重要位置的应力变化曲线图,实现了人字架结构的运动数值仿真。对于轮毂部分,通过ANSYS及Pro/MECHANICA对转鼓结构进行了动态分析得到转鼓的低阶模态和振型,分析了主要结构参数对转鼓动态特性的影响,最终确定了合理的转鼓结构参数。
基于对机架和轮毂的动态分析,在确认了机架与轮毂的约束方式后,文中又对高速轮胎试验机机架和轮毂作为统一整体进行计算分析,在模态分析中发现高速轮胎试验机整体一阶固有频率不仅与约束有关,还与约束条件及接触方式有关。在满足固有频率、强度、刚度等要求的条件下,使高速轮胎试验机的机架和轮毂的质量最小,是文中研究的另一个课题。首先在确定约束方式下,利用有限元模态分析方法对机架和轮毂进行了动、静态分析,得到了高速轮胎试验平台整体的变形、应力及各阶振型与频率。经分析比较,确定了最佳的经济指标和性能指标。确保了高速轮胎动态特性试验台的稳定运行。
Through the modern theory of mechanical design, dynamic approach to the complex structure of the sub-mechanical systems - high-speed tire experiment machine for dynamic analysis, simulation models, structural changes and dynamic optimization has been achieved.
According to the dynamic substructure method can be divided into high-speed tire testing machine to rack and wheel. Tire Rack which is a high-speed test bench important component of its direct impact on the performance test-bed in the high-speed, high-load of security, reliability. Through the ANSYS software for dynamic analysis of the calculated rack dynamic targets. The hub, based on the statics and through finite element software ANSYS secondary development of the APDL had linguistic ANSYS order flow establishment, the establishment of a Renzi Jia structural parameters of the finite element model, circulation and use of statements extracted branch Renzi Jia Roll movement in the process of a different magnitude of stress and strain in an important position and image of the stress changes in the curve, Renzi Jia realized the structure of the movement simulation; Finally, ANSYS and Pro / MECHANICA drum on the structure of dynamic analysis to be Point of low-level mode and vibration mode, an analysis of the structure of the main parameters of the drum dynamic characteristics of the end of the drum to determine the reasonable parameters of the structure.
Based on the wheel and rack dynamic analysis, confirmed the rack and wheel bound manner, the paper also high-speed tire testing machine and rack wheels are calculated as the overall analysis, modal analysis found that high-speed tire testing machine Overall first-order natural frequency not only with the constraints, but also with the constraints and access to relevant way. In meeting the natural frequency, intensity, stiffness, and other required conditions, so that the high-speed tire testing machine and the wheel rack of the quality of the smallest, is another research paper topics. First of all, to identify constraints in the way, the use of finite element analysis on the mode wheel rack and had a dynamic and static analysis, has been high-speed tire test platform for the overall deformation, stress and vibration mode and frequency bands.
引文
[1]陈新等.汽车工程.北京:机械工业出版社,1997.
[2]黄晋英.汽车轮胎特性与结构分析:(硕士学位论文).太原:院硕士学位论文:2000
[3]杨庆佛、熊诗波、李衍.汽车工程学.北京:机械工业出版社2000.
[4]Ochia K.Dynamic Behavior of Engine Structure Vibrations.Isuzu Tyre Ltd.1998:78-79.
[5]Su Qingzu,Yin Ruiping.dynamic Characteristic for Tyre of S100 Diesel Engine.Proceedings of the 11~(th) IMAC 1993.65-66.
[6]张准,苏清祖等.柴油汽车轮胎特性的数值计算和试验模态分析.南京:江苏工学院学报,2001(9):11-13.
[7]杨庆佛,李衍,李俊宝.汽车轮胎结构特点与分析.太原:太原工业大学学报,2000(9):31-33.
[8]李柱国.汽车设计与理论.北京:科学出版社,2004:935-37.
[9]杨德宗.论汽车工程的创新设计.北京:机械研究与应用,2001(3):53-55.
[10]龙慧.论现代机械产品的设计方法.上海:稀有金属与硬质合金,2001(9):50-52、55.
[11]陈大宏,王革,邹家祥.CAD技术在有限元分析前处理中的应用.北京科技大学学报,199411(6):27-37.
[12]吴群波,肖田元,韩向利,王知行.机构运动方案仿真系统的研究.机械设计,2001(6):3-5,50.
[13]李奎贤.挖掘过程及机械参数优化设计.东北大学学报,2000,13:271-274.
[14]姜杉,王玉新,喻宏波.三维实体机构虚拟装配及运动仿真的自动化方法.天津:天津大学学报,2001(2):178-182.
[15]高建民.端面铣刀铣削用量的优化选择.太原:太原重型机械学报,1994(3):238-245.
[16]李庆典,周建方.机械设计中的可靠度反分析方法.北京:机械设计,2001(3):33-35.
[17]朱文予.现代设计技术体系与特点的研究.合肥工业大学学报,2001(1):28-33.
[18]Foschi R O,Li H.Inverse reliability method and application in offshore engineering,Structural Safety and Reliability(ICOSSAR,97)[C].Schueller,Shinozuka & Yao(Eds),Balkema,Rotterdam,1998:551-557.
[19]Der Kiureghian A,Zhang Y,Li CC.Inverse reliability problem[J].J.of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE 1994,120:1154-1159.
[20]方同,薛璞.振动理论及应用.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998.
[21]胡仁喜,王庆五,闫石.ANSYS8.2机械设计高级应用实例.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[22]吴鸿庆,任侠.结构有限元分析.北京:中国铁道出版社,2000.
[23]赵经文,王宏钰.结构有限元分析.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1988
[24]范家齐,樊俊才.实用有限元法.哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1993.
[25]张国瑞.有限元法.北京:机械工业出版社,1992.
[26]Zienkiewicz,O.C..The Finite Method in Engineering Science.1971.
[27]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用.北京:水利电力出版社,1979.
[28]甘舜仙.有限元技术与程序.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1988.
[29]李大潜.有限元素法续讲.北京:科学出版社,1979.
[30]Hinton,E..Owen,D.R.J..Finite Element Programming.Academic Press,1977.
[31]王润富,余颖禾.有限元法概念与习题.北京:科学出版社,1998
[32]蒋维城.固体力学有限元分析.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1989.
[33]李开泰.有限元法及其应用.两安:西安交通大学出版社,1984.
[34]徐次答,华伯浩.固体力学有限元理论、方法及程序.北京:水利电力出版社,1983.
[35]许德超,王寿梅.结构分析中的有限元素法.北京:国防工业出版社,1981.
[36]谢贻权,何福保.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法.北京:机械工业出版社,1981.
[37]饶寿期.有限元法和边界元法基础.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.
[38]殷家驹,张元中.计算力学教程.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1992.
[39]卓家寿.弹性力学中的有限元法.北京:高等教育出版社,1984.
[40]孙靖民.机械优化设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1989.
[41]朱龙根,黄雨华.机械系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[42]黄靖远,龚剑霞.机械设计学.北京:机械工业出版社,1995.
[43]吴宗泽.机械零件设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2004:131.
[44]张继春,徐斌,林波.Pro/ENGINEER WILDFIRE结构分析.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[45]Roger Toogood.Pro/MECAHNICAL Structure Student Edition Tutorial.Schroof Development Corporation.2001:2.
[46]Ewins,D.J.,Modal Testing:Theory and Practice,Research Studies Press Ltd.,1984.
[47]Tlusty,J.and Moriwaki,T.,Computational Identification of Dynamic Structure Modal,annal of CIRP,vol.25,No.2,1976.
[48]刘鸿文.材料力学(第三版)上册.北京:高等教育出版社,1996:320-328.
[49]李润方,王建军.结构分析程序SAP5原理及应用.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1992.
[50]李德葆.振动模态分析及其应用.宇航出版社,1989.
[51]傅志方.振动模态分析与参数辩识.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[52]Fleury C.A nefficient optimality criteria approach to the minimum weight design of.elastic[J].Computers & Structure,1980,11(3):163-173.
[53]林循泓.振动模态参数识别及其应用.南京:东南大学出版社,1994.
[54]Roger Ghanem,Abhijit Sarkar.Reduced models for the medium-frequency dynamics of stochastic systems.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2003 vol.113:834-846.
[2]黄晋英.汽车轮胎特性与结构分析:(硕士学位论文).太原:院硕士学位论文:2000
[3]杨庆佛、熊诗波、李衍.汽车工程学.北京:机械工业出版社2000.
[4]Ochia K.Dynamic Behavior of Engine Structure Vibrations.Isuzu Tyre Ltd.1998:78-79.
[5]Su Qingzu,Yin Ruiping.dynamic Characteristic for Tyre of S100 Diesel Engine.Proceedings of the 11~(th) IMAC 1993.65-66.
[6]张准,苏清祖等.柴油汽车轮胎特性的数值计算和试验模态分析.南京:江苏工学院学报,2001(9):11-13.
[7]杨庆佛,李衍,李俊宝.汽车轮胎结构特点与分析.太原:太原工业大学学报,2000(9):31-33.
[8]李柱国.汽车设计与理论.北京:科学出版社,2004:935-37.
[9]杨德宗.论汽车工程的创新设计.北京:机械研究与应用,2001(3):53-55.
[10]龙慧.论现代机械产品的设计方法.上海:稀有金属与硬质合金,2001(9):50-52、55.
[11]陈大宏,王革,邹家祥.CAD技术在有限元分析前处理中的应用.北京科技大学学报,199411(6):27-37.
[12]吴群波,肖田元,韩向利,王知行.机构运动方案仿真系统的研究.机械设计,2001(6):3-5,50.
[13]李奎贤.挖掘过程及机械参数优化设计.东北大学学报,2000,13:271-274.
[14]姜杉,王玉新,喻宏波.三维实体机构虚拟装配及运动仿真的自动化方法.天津:天津大学学报,2001(2):178-182.
[15]高建民.端面铣刀铣削用量的优化选择.太原:太原重型机械学报,1994(3):238-245.
[16]李庆典,周建方.机械设计中的可靠度反分析方法.北京:机械设计,2001(3):33-35.
[17]朱文予.现代设计技术体系与特点的研究.合肥工业大学学报,2001(1):28-33.
[18]Foschi R O,Li H.Inverse reliability method and application in offshore engineering,Structural Safety and Reliability(ICOSSAR,97)[C].Schueller,Shinozuka & Yao(Eds),Balkema,Rotterdam,1998:551-557.
[19]Der Kiureghian A,Zhang Y,Li CC.Inverse reliability problem[J].J.of Engineering Mechanics,ASCE 1994,120:1154-1159.
[20]方同,薛璞.振动理论及应用.西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998.
[21]胡仁喜,王庆五,闫石.ANSYS8.2机械设计高级应用实例.北京:机械工业出版社,2008.
[22]吴鸿庆,任侠.结构有限元分析.北京:中国铁道出版社,2000.
[23]赵经文,王宏钰.结构有限元分析.哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社,1988
[24]范家齐,樊俊才.实用有限元法.哈尔滨:黑龙江科学技术出版社,1993.
[25]张国瑞.有限元法.北京:机械工业出版社,1992.
[26]Zienkiewicz,O.C..The Finite Method in Engineering Science.1971.
[27]朱伯芳.有限单元法原理与应用.北京:水利电力出版社,1979.
[28]甘舜仙.有限元技术与程序.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1988.
[29]李大潜.有限元素法续讲.北京:科学出版社,1979.
[30]Hinton,E..Owen,D.R.J..Finite Element Programming.Academic Press,1977.
[31]王润富,余颖禾.有限元法概念与习题.北京:科学出版社,1998
[32]蒋维城.固体力学有限元分析.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1989.
[33]李开泰.有限元法及其应用.两安:西安交通大学出版社,1984.
[34]徐次答,华伯浩.固体力学有限元理论、方法及程序.北京:水利电力出版社,1983.
[35]许德超,王寿梅.结构分析中的有限元素法.北京:国防工业出版社,1981.
[36]谢贻权,何福保.弹性和塑性力学中的有限单元法.北京:机械工业出版社,1981.
[37]饶寿期.有限元法和边界元法基础.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,1998.
[38]殷家驹,张元中.计算力学教程.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1992.
[39]卓家寿.弹性力学中的有限元法.北京:高等教育出版社,1984.
[40]孙靖民.机械优化设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1989.
[41]朱龙根,黄雨华.机械系统设计.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[42]黄靖远,龚剑霞.机械设计学.北京:机械工业出版社,1995.
[43]吴宗泽.机械零件设计手册.北京:机械工业出版社,2004:131.
[44]张继春,徐斌,林波.Pro/ENGINEER WILDFIRE结构分析.北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[45]Roger Toogood.Pro/MECAHNICAL Structure Student Edition Tutorial.Schroof Development Corporation.2001:2.
[46]Ewins,D.J.,Modal Testing:Theory and Practice,Research Studies Press Ltd.,1984.
[47]Tlusty,J.and Moriwaki,T.,Computational Identification of Dynamic Structure Modal,annal of CIRP,vol.25,No.2,1976.
[48]刘鸿文.材料力学(第三版)上册.北京:高等教育出版社,1996:320-328.
[49]李润方,王建军.结构分析程序SAP5原理及应用.重庆:重庆大学出版社,1992.
[50]李德葆.振动模态分析及其应用.宇航出版社,1989.
[51]傅志方.振动模态分析与参数辩识.北京:机械工业出版社,1990.
[52]Fleury C.A nefficient optimality criteria approach to the minimum weight design of.elastic[J].Computers & Structure,1980,11(3):163-173.
[53]林循泓.振动模态参数识别及其应用.南京:东南大学出版社,1994.
[54]Roger Ghanem,Abhijit Sarkar.Reduced models for the medium-frequency dynamics of stochastic systems.The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,2003 vol.113:834-846.