有源电力滤波器（APF）的DSP控制策略研究
摘要
有源电力滤波器的控制是影响有源电力滤波器性能的重要因素。数字信号处理器DSP芯片具有快速性特点，十分适合于有源电力滤波器的控制。
本文重点探讨了有源电力滤波器DSP控制的方法。并以DSP芯片TMS320F240为主要核心控制芯片设计了有源电力滤波器的控制系统。
本文第一章回顾了有源电力滤波器数字控制发展情况，以及目前对有源电力滤波器采用DSP控制的各种方法。
第二章阐述了并联型有源电力滤波器的系统结构与工作原理。并对有源电力滤波器的主要参数如交流侧滤波电感值、直流侧电容电压及滞环宽度对补偿精度的影响进行了分析。
第三章讨论了基于DSP的有源电力滤波器的控制系统的硬件设计。阐述了采样周期信号发生电路以及A／D、D／A电路的设计。
第四章讨论了基于DSP的有源电力滤波器控制算法及软件开发。讨论了谐波与无功指令电流的计算、软起动以及直流侧电压控制与均压控制的设计，并讨论了数字控制对补偿精度的影响。
第五章介绍了基于DSP控制的15kVA并联有源电力滤波器的实验系统，并对不同大小的负载时补偿的结果进行了分析。
第六章是本文工作的总结以及对本文工作的展望。
Active power filters are advanced devices in the field of applied power electronics. An important aspect of the performance of Active power filter concerns the control strategy used. DSP perform fast and accurate calculations, flexible program capability, and abundant peripheral functions, so applications of DSP in Active power filter digital controls will be extensive.
This paper presents control strategies based on DSP for Active Power Filter. This paper also describes the device of control system based on TMS320F240 for Active Power Filter.
In chapter one, the paper discusses the digital control technology for Active Power Filter, and gives a more detailed discussion of DSP controller design.
In chapter two, the system structure and working principle of APF are introduced also the affection on compensation precision when main parameters of APF vary are studied.
In chapter three, the hardware design of DSP control system for Active Power Filter is presented.
In chapter four, the software design of DSP control system for Active Power Filter is presented. The main program flow chart, harmonic current detecting method, soft start, and DC bar voltage control are introduced detailed.
Chapter five introduced the 15kVA APF test system.
Conclusions and prospects for DSP controllers applied in APF are given in the last chapter.
本文重点探讨了有源电力滤波器DSP控制的方法。并以DSP芯片TMS320F240为主要核心控制芯片设计了有源电力滤波器的控制系统。
本文第一章回顾了有源电力滤波器数字控制发展情况，以及目前对有源电力滤波器采用DSP控制的各种方法。
第二章阐述了并联型有源电力滤波器的系统结构与工作原理。并对有源电力滤波器的主要参数如交流侧滤波电感值、直流侧电容电压及滞环宽度对补偿精度的影响进行了分析。
第三章讨论了基于DSP的有源电力滤波器的控制系统的硬件设计。阐述了采样周期信号发生电路以及A／D、D／A电路的设计。
第四章讨论了基于DSP的有源电力滤波器控制算法及软件开发。讨论了谐波与无功指令电流的计算、软起动以及直流侧电压控制与均压控制的设计，并讨论了数字控制对补偿精度的影响。
第五章介绍了基于DSP控制的15kVA并联有源电力滤波器的实验系统，并对不同大小的负载时补偿的结果进行了分析。
第六章是本文工作的总结以及对本文工作的展望。
Active power filters are advanced devices in the field of applied power electronics. An important aspect of the performance of Active power filter concerns the control strategy used. DSP perform fast and accurate calculations, flexible program capability, and abundant peripheral functions, so applications of DSP in Active power filter digital controls will be extensive.
This paper presents control strategies based on DSP for Active Power Filter. This paper also describes the device of control system based on TMS320F240 for Active Power Filter.
In chapter one, the paper discusses the digital control technology for Active Power Filter, and gives a more detailed discussion of DSP controller design.
In chapter two, the system structure and working principle of APF are introduced also the affection on compensation precision when main parameters of APF vary are studied.
In chapter three, the hardware design of DSP control system for Active Power Filter is presented.
In chapter four, the software design of DSP control system for Active Power Filter is presented. The main program flow chart, harmonic current detecting method, soft start, and DC bar voltage control are introduced detailed.
Chapter five introduced the 15kVA APF test system.
Conclusions and prospects for DSP controllers applied in APF are given in the last chapter.
引文
1.Kimhak E W. Direct Current Transmission. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Vol. 1, Ch.8.1971
2．吴竟昌，孙树勤，宋文南等．电力系统谐波．北京：水利电力出版社，1988
3．阿里拉加 J，布莱德勒 DA，伯德格尔 PS．电力系统谐波．容建刚等译．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1994年第一版
4．王兆安，杨君，刘进军．谐波抑制和无功功率补偿．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
5．水利电力部．电力系统谐波管理暂行规定(SD126-84)．北京：水利电力出版社，1984
6．中国国家标准GB／T14549—93．电能质量 公用电网谐波．北京：中国标准出版社，1994
7．陆廷信．供电系统中的谐波分析测量与抑制．北京：机械工业出版社，1990
8.Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuis. Proceedings IPEC. Tokyo:IEEE, 1983, pp1375-1386.
9.Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage component .IEEE Trans Ind Appl, vol.20, 1984, pp625-630.
10.Wiehan le Roux, The Effect of Signal Measurement and Processing Delay on the Compensation of Harmonics by PWM Conveners IEEE Trans.LE.Vol.47,pp.297-304,Apr,2000
11.Luowei Zhou, A Novel Active Power Filter Based on the Least Compensation Current Control Method IEEE Trans,P.E,Vol. 15,pp.655-659,July 2000
12.B.N.Singh, DSP-based indirect-current-controlled STATCOM IEEE Proc.-E.lectr. Vol 147,pp 107-118,Marcia,2000
13.M.EI-Habrouk, Design and implementation of a modified Fourier analysis harmonic current computation technique for power active filters using DSPs IEEE Proc.-Electr, Vol. 148,pp21-28,January 2001
14.Juan W. Dixon, Analysis and Evaluation of Different Modulation Techniques for Active Power Filters IEEE Trans,P.E,pp 894-900, 1994
15.N.Bruyant, Simplified Digital-Analogical Control For Shunt Active Power Filters Under Unbalanced Conditions IEE Proc-PE,pp11-16,September 1998
16.Z.Li, Control Of Active Filters Using Digital Signal Processors. IEEE 1995
17.Jae-Ho Choi, Standby Power Supply with Active Power Filter Ability Using Digital Controller.IEEE 1995
18.David M.E. Ingram, A Novel Digital Hysteresis Current Controller for an Active Power Filter.IEEE 1997
19.Wiehan le Roux, Modeling of Distortion Compensation Ineffectivity in Filters for Nonactive Power. IEEE Trans I.E. Vol. 48, pp.91-100. February 2001
20.M.EI-Habrouk, Design and Implementation of a Modified Fourier Analysis Harmonic Current Computation Technique for Power Active Filters Using DSPs. IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl,Vol. 148,pp.21-28, January 2001
21.M.Machmoum, DSP Based Control of Shunt Active Power Filters For Global or Selective Harmonics Compensation. IEEE 2000
22． W.Shireen,Implementation of a DSP Based Active Power Filter For Electric Power Distribution Systems Supplying Nonlenear Loads.IEEE 2000
23． L.Xu,Development considerations of DSP-controlled PWM VSC-based STATCOM.IEE Proc.-Electr-Power Appl,Vol 148,pp.449-455,September 2001
24． Li Chun,Field Test of a DSp-based Control System For 20Mvar STATCOM.IEEE 2000
25． Adil M.Al-Zamil,A Passive Series,Active Shunt Filter For High Power Applications.IEEE Trans P.E.Vol.16,pp.101-109,January 2001
26． Jacek Perz,A Novel Active Filter approach with the DSP Control Application.IEEE 1996
27． T Paga,Active Filtering And Power Factor Correction Using A DSP Controlled Rectifier Bridge.IEE Proc-Power Elec,pp.382-384,September 2000
28． Simone Buso,Design And Fully Digital Control of Parallel Active Filters for Thyristor Rectifiers to Comply with EC-1000-3-2 Standards.IEEE Trans LA.Vol.34,pp.508-517,May/June 1998
29． Seung-Gi Jeong,DSP-Based Active Power Filter with Predictive Current Control.IEEE Trans I.E.Vol.44,pp.329-336,June 1997
30． L.A.Moran,J.W.Dixon and R.R.Wallace.A three-phase active power filter operating with fixed switching frequency for reactive power and current harmonic compensation[J].IEEE Trans,on Industrial Electronics August 1995,42(4) : pp402-408．
31． T.Tanaka and H.Akagi.A new combined system of series active and shunt passive filters aiming at harmonic compensation for large capacity thyristor converters.IEEE IECON,1991,pp.723-728．
32． L.A.Pittorino,J.A.Du Toit and J.H.R.Enslin,Evaluation of converter topologies and controllers for power quality compensators under unbalanced conditions[J].IEEE PESC,1997,pp.1127-1133．
33． S.J.Chiang and J.M.Chang.Design and Implementation of the Parallelable Active Power Filter,IEEE PESC'99 record,1999．
34． F.Z.Peng,H.Akagi,A.Nabae.Compensation Characteristics of the Combined System of Shunt Passive and Series Active Filters [J].IEEE Trans,on Ind.App.,1993,pp.144-151．
35． Edson H.Watanabe,Richard M.Stephan,Mauricio Aredes.New Concepts of Instantaneous Active and Reactive Power in Electrical Systems with Generic Loads.IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,Vol.8,No.2,April 1993,pp.697-703
36． Sami Valiviita,Seppo J.Ovaska,Delayless Method to Generate Current Reference for Active Filter.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,Vol.45,No.4,August 1998,pp.559-567
37． David Neduljkovie,Janez Nastran,Danijel Voneina,Vanja Ambrozie.Synchronization of Active Power Filter Current Reference to the Network.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,Vol.46,No.2,April 1999,pp.333-339
38． Jacques L.Willems.A New Interpretation of the Akagi-Naoae Power Component for Nonsinuoidal Three-Phase Situation.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,Vol.41,No.4,August 1992,pp.523-527
39． Clarke E.Circuit analysis of AC power systems.Vol.1-Symmetrical and Related Components,New York: John Wiley and sons,Inc.,1943
40． Fang Zheng Peng,Jih-Sheng Lai.Generalized Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory for
Three-Phase Power Systems.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol.45, No. 1, February 1996, pp.293-297
41.Fang Zheng Peng, Donald J.Adams. Harmonic and Reactive Power Compensation Based on the Generalized Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory for Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems.IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 13,No.6, November 1998,pp. 1174-1181.
42.A. Nakajima et al. Development of Active Filter with Series Resonant Circuit. PESC.1988, pp1168
43.Czarnecki L S. What is wrong with the Budeanu concept of reactive and distortion power and why it should be abandoned.IEEE Trans Instrum. Meas, vol. 36, 1987 ,pp828-837
44.Dehong Xu, Hongxing Fang, and Mikihiko Matsui DC Condenser Design for Three-wire or Four-wire Active Power Filter Based on Current Decomposition,IPEC-Tokyo 2000
International Power Electronics Conference Proceedings), Vol. 1, pp33-36, Apr. 2000.
45.Dehong Xu, Hongxing Fang DC Condenser Design for Three-wire Active Power Filter Based on Current Decomposition. PESC 2000
46．方红兴 基于DSP控制的并联有源电力滤波器的研究 浙江大学硕士学位论文
47．徐德鸿 方红兴，并联有源电力滤波器直流侧电压纹波估计和电容设计，中国电源学会第十四届学术年会论文集，pp439-443．
48．陈国柱 混合有源电力滤波器(HAPF)关键技术的研究 浙江大学博士学位论文
49．项基 混合型有源滤波器的研究 浙江大学硕士学位论文
50．汤钰鹏 电力有源滤波器的参数计算方法及计算机仿真研究 电气传动，1991．2pp16-22
51．王向军 基于自适应滤波理论的单相电力有源滤波器电力电子技术，1999．8 pp19-21
52．姚为正等 有源电力滤波器对不同类型谐波源的补偿特性电工技术学报，2000．12pp40-44
53．胡寿松 自动控制原理 北京：国防工业出版社 1984
54．刘汉奎等 三相有源电力滤波器指令信号的简单获取方法 电力电子技术 2000，2：32-34
55．TMS320C24x DSP Controllers Reference Set: Texas Instruments
56．方红兴 徐德鸿，三线四线四桥臂并联有源电力滤波器直流侧电容优化设计，中国电源学会第十四届学术年会论文集，pp447-449．
57．姚文熙等，DSP实现三相谐波提取中数字滤波器的设计，中国电源学会第十四届学术年会论文集，pp308-311．
58．王磊 陈仲 徐德鸿，基于DSP的三相四线有源电力滤波器的控制，中国电源学会第十四届学术年会论文集，pp312-314．
59．曾江等 有源滤波器定频滞环电流控制新方法 电网技术，2000．6pp1-8
60．张晓莉等 高压直流输电用直流有源滤波器采用滞环比较控制方式的研究 电源技术应用，2001．8pp5-8
61．程佩青 数字信号处理教程 北京：清华大学出版社1995
2．吴竟昌，孙树勤，宋文南等．电力系统谐波．北京：水利电力出版社，1988
3．阿里拉加 J，布莱德勒 DA，伯德格尔 PS．电力系统谐波．容建刚等译．武汉：华中理工大学出版社，1994年第一版
4．王兆安，杨君，刘进军．谐波抑制和无功功率补偿．北京：机械工业出版社，1998
5．水利电力部．电力系统谐波管理暂行规定(SD126-84)．北京：水利电力出版社，1984
6．中国国家标准GB／T14549—93．电能质量 公用电网谐波．北京：中国标准出版社，1994
7．陆廷信．供电系统中的谐波分析测量与抑制．北京：机械工业出版社，1990
8.Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuis. Proceedings IPEC. Tokyo:IEEE, 1983, pp1375-1386.
9.Akagi H, Kanazawa Y, Nabae A. Instantaneous reactive power compensators comprising switching devices without energy storage component .IEEE Trans Ind Appl, vol.20, 1984, pp625-630.
10.Wiehan le Roux, The Effect of Signal Measurement and Processing Delay on the Compensation of Harmonics by PWM Conveners IEEE Trans.LE.Vol.47,pp.297-304,Apr,2000
11.Luowei Zhou, A Novel Active Power Filter Based on the Least Compensation Current Control Method IEEE Trans,P.E,Vol. 15,pp.655-659,July 2000
12.B.N.Singh, DSP-based indirect-current-controlled STATCOM IEEE Proc.-E.lectr. Vol 147,pp 107-118,Marcia,2000
13.M.EI-Habrouk, Design and implementation of a modified Fourier analysis harmonic current computation technique for power active filters using DSPs IEEE Proc.-Electr, Vol. 148,pp21-28,January 2001
14.Juan W. Dixon, Analysis and Evaluation of Different Modulation Techniques for Active Power Filters IEEE Trans,P.E,pp 894-900, 1994
15.N.Bruyant, Simplified Digital-Analogical Control For Shunt Active Power Filters Under Unbalanced Conditions IEE Proc-PE,pp11-16,September 1998
16.Z.Li, Control Of Active Filters Using Digital Signal Processors. IEEE 1995
17.Jae-Ho Choi, Standby Power Supply with Active Power Filter Ability Using Digital Controller.IEEE 1995
18.David M.E. Ingram, A Novel Digital Hysteresis Current Controller for an Active Power Filter.IEEE 1997
19.Wiehan le Roux, Modeling of Distortion Compensation Ineffectivity in Filters for Nonactive Power. IEEE Trans I.E. Vol. 48, pp.91-100. February 2001
20.M.EI-Habrouk, Design and Implementation of a Modified Fourier Analysis Harmonic Current Computation Technique for Power Active Filters Using DSPs. IEE Proc.-Electr. Power Appl,Vol. 148,pp.21-28, January 2001
21.M.Machmoum, DSP Based Control of Shunt Active Power Filters For Global or Selective Harmonics Compensation. IEEE 2000
22． W.Shireen,Implementation of a DSP Based Active Power Filter For Electric Power Distribution Systems Supplying Nonlenear Loads.IEEE 2000
23． L.Xu,Development considerations of DSP-controlled PWM VSC-based STATCOM.IEE Proc.-Electr-Power Appl,Vol 148,pp.449-455,September 2001
24． Li Chun,Field Test of a DSp-based Control System For 20Mvar STATCOM.IEEE 2000
25． Adil M.Al-Zamil,A Passive Series,Active Shunt Filter For High Power Applications.IEEE Trans P.E.Vol.16,pp.101-109,January 2001
26． Jacek Perz,A Novel Active Filter approach with the DSP Control Application.IEEE 1996
27． T Paga,Active Filtering And Power Factor Correction Using A DSP Controlled Rectifier Bridge.IEE Proc-Power Elec,pp.382-384,September 2000
28． Simone Buso,Design And Fully Digital Control of Parallel Active Filters for Thyristor Rectifiers to Comply with EC-1000-3-2 Standards.IEEE Trans LA.Vol.34,pp.508-517,May/June 1998
29． Seung-Gi Jeong,DSP-Based Active Power Filter with Predictive Current Control.IEEE Trans I.E.Vol.44,pp.329-336,June 1997
30． L.A.Moran,J.W.Dixon and R.R.Wallace.A three-phase active power filter operating with fixed switching frequency for reactive power and current harmonic compensation[J].IEEE Trans,on Industrial Electronics August 1995,42(4) : pp402-408．
31． T.Tanaka and H.Akagi.A new combined system of series active and shunt passive filters aiming at harmonic compensation for large capacity thyristor converters.IEEE IECON,1991,pp.723-728．
32． L.A.Pittorino,J.A.Du Toit and J.H.R.Enslin,Evaluation of converter topologies and controllers for power quality compensators under unbalanced conditions[J].IEEE PESC,1997,pp.1127-1133．
33． S.J.Chiang and J.M.Chang.Design and Implementation of the Parallelable Active Power Filter,IEEE PESC'99 record,1999．
34． F.Z.Peng,H.Akagi,A.Nabae.Compensation Characteristics of the Combined System of Shunt Passive and Series Active Filters [J].IEEE Trans,on Ind.App.,1993,pp.144-151．
35． Edson H.Watanabe,Richard M.Stephan,Mauricio Aredes.New Concepts of Instantaneous Active and Reactive Power in Electrical Systems with Generic Loads.IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery,Vol.8,No.2,April 1993,pp.697-703
36． Sami Valiviita,Seppo J.Ovaska,Delayless Method to Generate Current Reference for Active Filter.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,Vol.45,No.4,August 1998,pp.559-567
37． David Neduljkovie,Janez Nastran,Danijel Voneina,Vanja Ambrozie.Synchronization of Active Power Filter Current Reference to the Network.IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics,Vol.46,No.2,April 1999,pp.333-339
38． Jacques L.Willems.A New Interpretation of the Akagi-Naoae Power Component for Nonsinuoidal Three-Phase Situation.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement,Vol.41,No.4,August 1992,pp.523-527
39． Clarke E.Circuit analysis of AC power systems.Vol.1-Symmetrical and Related Components,New York: John Wiley and sons,Inc.,1943
40． Fang Zheng Peng,Jih-Sheng Lai.Generalized Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory for
Three-Phase Power Systems.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, Vol.45, No. 1, February 1996, pp.293-297
41.Fang Zheng Peng, Donald J.Adams. Harmonic and Reactive Power Compensation Based on the Generalized Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory for Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems.IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, Vol. 13,No.6, November 1998,pp. 1174-1181.
42.A. Nakajima et al. Development of Active Filter with Series Resonant Circuit. PESC.1988, pp1168
43.Czarnecki L S. What is wrong with the Budeanu concept of reactive and distortion power and why it should be abandoned.IEEE Trans Instrum. Meas, vol. 36, 1987 ,pp828-837
44.Dehong Xu, Hongxing Fang, and Mikihiko Matsui DC Condenser Design for Three-wire or Four-wire Active Power Filter Based on Current Decomposition,IPEC-Tokyo 2000
International Power Electronics Conference Proceedings), Vol. 1, pp33-36, Apr. 2000.
45.Dehong Xu, Hongxing Fang DC Condenser Design for Three-wire Active Power Filter Based on Current Decomposition. PESC 2000
46．方红兴 基于DSP控制的并联有源电力滤波器的研究 浙江大学硕士学位论文
47．徐德鸿 方红兴，并联有源电力滤波器直流侧电压纹波估计和电容设计，中国电源学会第十四届学术年会论文集，pp439-443．
48．陈国柱 混合有源电力滤波器(HAPF)关键技术的研究 浙江大学博士学位论文
49．项基 混合型有源滤波器的研究 浙江大学硕士学位论文
50．汤钰鹏 电力有源滤波器的参数计算方法及计算机仿真研究 电气传动，1991．2pp16-22
51．王向军 基于自适应滤波理论的单相电力有源滤波器电力电子技术，1999．8 pp19-21
52．姚为正等 有源电力滤波器对不同类型谐波源的补偿特性电工技术学报，2000．12pp40-44
53．胡寿松 自动控制原理 北京：国防工业出版社 1984
54．刘汉奎等 三相有源电力滤波器指令信号的简单获取方法 电力电子技术 2000，2：32-34
55．TMS320C24x DSP Controllers Reference Set: Texas Instruments
56．方红兴 徐德鸿，三线四线四桥臂并联有源电力滤波器直流侧电容优化设计，中国电源学会第十四届学术年会论文集，pp447-449．
57．姚文熙等，DSP实现三相谐波提取中数字滤波器的设计，中国电源学会第十四届学术年会论文集，pp308-311．
58．王磊 陈仲 徐德鸿，基于DSP的三相四线有源电力滤波器的控制，中国电源学会第十四届学术年会论文集，pp312-314．
59．曾江等 有源滤波器定频滞环电流控制新方法 电网技术，2000．6pp1-8
60．张晓莉等 高压直流输电用直流有源滤波器采用滞环比较控制方式的研究 电源技术应用，2001．8pp5-8
61．程佩青 数字信号处理教程 北京：清华大学出版社1995
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