高速滚动轴承动力学分析模型与保持架动态性能研究
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摘要
高速滚动轴承广泛应用于航空航天领域。高速轴承重要失效形式是轻载打滑和零件的不稳定性,其中保持架的设计尤为重要,实践和研究表明,高速滚动轴承的保持架打滑和不稳定而造成的航空发动机轴承失效占总失效数的25%,成为高速轴承失效的重要影响因素。轴承保持架设计重要基础是动力学分析,高速轴承保持架的动力学分析基础是其轴承动力学模型。
为此本文在国家“十一五”科技攻关项目和国家自然科学基金的资助下,首先研究高速圆柱滚子轴承和角接触球轴承的动力学分析模型,进而研究保持架的打滑和稳定性(质心运动轨迹)。本文主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)建立高速油润滑圆柱滚子和角接触球轴承考虑阻尼的动力学分析模型。本文在Gupta等的模型基础上,格外引入了粘滞阻尼及油膜阻尼等作用,并引进了摩擦学中最新相关计算公式,建立滚动体与保持架的接触力作用力模型。对滚动轴承内部各零件(滚动体、保持架、套圈)的受力及运动进行较详尽的计算分析,本文较全面考虑了各因素影响,建立各零件的动力学方程,进而建立了该轴承动力学模型。
(2)给出高速油润滑圆柱滚子轴承和角接触球轴承保持架的动态性能(打滑和稳定性(保持架质心运动轨迹))分析。基于上述考虑阻尼的轴承动力学分析模型,较全面分析了载荷、转速、游隙、间隙比和滚动体个数等对保持架打滑的影响,并发现了保持架打滑率从低速到高速过程中出现山谷的现象；较全面分析了不同内圈转速、轴承载荷等运转工况和游隙、引导间隙和兜孔间隙等结构设计参数对保持架稳定性(质心轨迹)的影响。
(3)给出滚动轴承数值仿真系统的可信度评估方法。通过滚动轴承数值仿真结果与物理试验结果之间的相似度计算,确定该数值仿真系统的可信度。构造了针对滚动轴承的相似要素的相似系数的函数；给出了确定两者相似元权重的改进方法,克服了用比较模糊数可能性法确定权值有可能失效的不足。通过卫星动量轮轴承组件的数值仿真和物理试验数据的相似度计算实例验证了本文评估方法。
最后编制了相应的软件,期望为高速滚动轴承保持架的参数设计提供理论依据和相关软件工具支持。
High-speed rolling bearings are widely used in the aerospace field. For the high-speed rolling bearing, the light-load skidding and the instability of the parts are important failure mode. Particularly, the cage needs to be focused on. Practice and researches show that the bearing failure resulting from the skidding and instability of the cage accounts for 25% of the total failure of the rolling bearings in the aeroengine. Thus, the cage failure becomes a significant factor to the failure of the rolling bearing. The bearing cage design is based on dynamics analysis considerably, and the dynamics analysis of high-speed bearing cage is based on its dynamic model.
Supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program during the 11th five-year plan period and National Natural Science Foundation of P.R. China, the dissertation studies the dynamics models of the high-speed cylindrical roller bearings and angular contact ball bearings. Based on the model, the stability and skidding of the cage are studied sequentially. The contents of the dissertation are as follows:
(1) The dynamic models considering the damping action are built for high-speed oil-lubricated cylindrical roller bearings and angular contact ball bearings. This study builds the acting force models of cages and rolling elements based on the models developed by Gupta, et al. Specifically, the study considers hysteresis and oil-film damping effects, and introduces the latest tribology formulae. Then, the dynamic equations of the parts (rolling elements, cages, rings) are developed through analyzing the forces and motion of the parts in a bearing in detail. As a result, the bearing dynamics model considering comprehensive factors is developed.
(2) The analysis for the skidding and stability of the cage is investigated for cylindrical roller bearings and angular contact ball bearings. Based on the above bearing dynamics model considering damping, the effects of the load, speed, clearance, clearance ratio and the number of rolling elements on the cage skidding are investigated comprehensively. It is showed that there is a curvature like the valley for the cage slip rates from low speed to high speed process. In addition, the effects of operating conditions and design parameters on the cage stability (the cage mass center motion) are investigated comprehensively.
(3) The method for evaluating creditability of the rolling bearing simulation system is given. The creditability is determined through calculating the similarity between the simulation results of the numerical bearing simulation system and test results of the physical test system. Particularly, aiming at the similar elements of the rolling bearing, a function is built up to calculate the similarity coefficient of similar unity. Besides, an improved method is given to determine the weight of the similar unity. This method overcomes the deficiency of the method comparing the possibility of fuzzy numbers. The latter may fail to determine the weight of the similar unity. Consequently, the method in the dissertation is proved through calculating the similarity between the numerical simulation data and physical test data of satellite momentum wheel bearing assembly.
Finally, the corresponding software is developed, which is expected to provide theoretical basis and software tool support for the parameter design of the cages in high-speed rolling bearings.
为此本文在国家“十一五”科技攻关项目和国家自然科学基金的资助下,首先研究高速圆柱滚子轴承和角接触球轴承的动力学分析模型,进而研究保持架的打滑和稳定性(质心运动轨迹)。本文主要研究内容和成果如下：
(1)建立高速油润滑圆柱滚子和角接触球轴承考虑阻尼的动力学分析模型。本文在Gupta等的模型基础上,格外引入了粘滞阻尼及油膜阻尼等作用,并引进了摩擦学中最新相关计算公式,建立滚动体与保持架的接触力作用力模型。对滚动轴承内部各零件(滚动体、保持架、套圈)的受力及运动进行较详尽的计算分析,本文较全面考虑了各因素影响,建立各零件的动力学方程,进而建立了该轴承动力学模型。
(2)给出高速油润滑圆柱滚子轴承和角接触球轴承保持架的动态性能(打滑和稳定性(保持架质心运动轨迹))分析。基于上述考虑阻尼的轴承动力学分析模型,较全面分析了载荷、转速、游隙、间隙比和滚动体个数等对保持架打滑的影响,并发现了保持架打滑率从低速到高速过程中出现山谷的现象；较全面分析了不同内圈转速、轴承载荷等运转工况和游隙、引导间隙和兜孔间隙等结构设计参数对保持架稳定性(质心轨迹)的影响。
(3)给出滚动轴承数值仿真系统的可信度评估方法。通过滚动轴承数值仿真结果与物理试验结果之间的相似度计算,确定该数值仿真系统的可信度。构造了针对滚动轴承的相似要素的相似系数的函数；给出了确定两者相似元权重的改进方法,克服了用比较模糊数可能性法确定权值有可能失效的不足。通过卫星动量轮轴承组件的数值仿真和物理试验数据的相似度计算实例验证了本文评估方法。
最后编制了相应的软件,期望为高速滚动轴承保持架的参数设计提供理论依据和相关软件工具支持。
High-speed rolling bearings are widely used in the aerospace field. For the high-speed rolling bearing, the light-load skidding and the instability of the parts are important failure mode. Particularly, the cage needs to be focused on. Practice and researches show that the bearing failure resulting from the skidding and instability of the cage accounts for 25% of the total failure of the rolling bearings in the aeroengine. Thus, the cage failure becomes a significant factor to the failure of the rolling bearing. The bearing cage design is based on dynamics analysis considerably, and the dynamics analysis of high-speed bearing cage is based on its dynamic model.
Supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program during the 11th five-year plan period and National Natural Science Foundation of P.R. China, the dissertation studies the dynamics models of the high-speed cylindrical roller bearings and angular contact ball bearings. Based on the model, the stability and skidding of the cage are studied sequentially. The contents of the dissertation are as follows:
(1) The dynamic models considering the damping action are built for high-speed oil-lubricated cylindrical roller bearings and angular contact ball bearings. This study builds the acting force models of cages and rolling elements based on the models developed by Gupta, et al. Specifically, the study considers hysteresis and oil-film damping effects, and introduces the latest tribology formulae. Then, the dynamic equations of the parts (rolling elements, cages, rings) are developed through analyzing the forces and motion of the parts in a bearing in detail. As a result, the bearing dynamics model considering comprehensive factors is developed.
(2) The analysis for the skidding and stability of the cage is investigated for cylindrical roller bearings and angular contact ball bearings. Based on the above bearing dynamics model considering damping, the effects of the load, speed, clearance, clearance ratio and the number of rolling elements on the cage skidding are investigated comprehensively. It is showed that there is a curvature like the valley for the cage slip rates from low speed to high speed process. In addition, the effects of operating conditions and design parameters on the cage stability (the cage mass center motion) are investigated comprehensively.
(3) The method for evaluating creditability of the rolling bearing simulation system is given. The creditability is determined through calculating the similarity between the simulation results of the numerical bearing simulation system and test results of the physical test system. Particularly, aiming at the similar elements of the rolling bearing, a function is built up to calculate the similarity coefficient of similar unity. Besides, an improved method is given to determine the weight of the similar unity. This method overcomes the deficiency of the method comparing the possibility of fuzzy numbers. The latter may fail to determine the weight of the similar unity. Consequently, the method in the dissertation is proved through calculating the similarity between the numerical simulation data and physical test data of satellite momentum wheel bearing assembly.
Finally, the corresponding software is developed, which is expected to provide theoretical basis and software tool support for the parameter design of the cages in high-speed rolling bearings.
引文
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