节能环保温室采暖系统设计
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摘要
节约资源、保护环境是世界各国共同关心的课题，我国高度重视实施可持续的发展战略，明确提出要加快建设资源节约型和环境友好型社会。未来我国国民经济的快速发展将进一步增大资源消耗，加大环境压力，必须加快转变经济增长方式，大力发展循环经济，建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会，促进农业经济协调可持续发展。本文以上述思想为指导，研究新型节能环保温室采暖系统的设计问题。
合理地选择与设计温室供热系统，既能满足作物生长需求，又能最大限度地节约能源和保护环境，是设施农业生产亟待解决的课题。本文对温室增温系统的设计理论作了系统地研究，论述了影响温室温度的主要因素，包括进入室内的太阳辐射增温、人工加热增温、贯流放热、换气放热量、土壤的地中传热等。对温室环境进行了全面、系统的能耗分析，并从细算和概算两个角度给出了温室供热负荷的数学模型。
对目前温室常用的几种供热方式如热水供热方式、热风供热方式、电热线地下采暖等作了简要介绍。为解决温室冬季加热能量消耗过大和环境污染问题，提高温室种植的经济效益和社会效益，本文对于节能和环保的新型温室供热技术作了重点研究。
太阳能清洁廉价，取之不尽、用之不竭，具有既节能又环保的突出优点。本文讨论了太阳能采暖系统的设计思路，根据主动式太阳能地下蓄热系统的供热特点，对其进行节能特征和经济性分析，并与传统供热方式从供热效果和能耗方面进行了对比分析。作为一种新型能源，电热泵具有十分可观的生态效益和社会效益，本文分析了电热泵的节能和环保效果，对其在农业上应用的可行性加以分析。
本文最后从管理节能的角度，对利用现代计算机监控技术实现变温管理和精确控制加热量来实现节能进行了分析。
Resource-saving and environment-protection are common problems of all of countries in the world. Our country attaches high importance to the implementation of the sustainable development strategy, explicitly proposes that the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society must be speed up. The rapid development of national economy will increase the resources-consumption, enlarge the environment-pressure. This country has to speed up the transformation of economy growth way, develop the circulation economy vigorously, construct the resource-saving and environment-friendly society and promote the coordinative and sustainable development of agricultural economy. Based on the thought above, the design of new energy-saving and environment-protective greenhouse heating system is researched in this paper.
It is a urgent topic of greenhouse industry to choose and design heating-systems properly, so as not only to meet the growth need of crops, but also to save energy and protect environment to the greatest limit. The design theory of greenhouse heating-systems is systematically studied in this paper. The mainly factions which affect the temperature in greenhouse are analyzed, such as solar radiation, heating, heat exchange between building, heat exchange to earth and so on. The energy consumption of greenhouse environment is analysed comprehensively and systematically, and the mathematical models from exact to approximate calculation of greenhouse heating loads are obtained.
The existing greenhouse heating ways, such as heating by hot water, hot wind, and heating the plant earth by electrothermal wire and so on, are briefly introduced. For the purpose of decreasing the energy expense and solving the problem of air pollution resulting from fuel, some new reasonable energy-saving and environment-protective heating schemes are mainly explored.
The solar energy is clean, inexpensive, inexhaustible and has prominent merit, not only energy-saving but also environmental protection. The solar energy heating system design mentality is discussed on the paper. According to the heating characteristic of the underground driving-type solar energy regeneration system, the energy conservation characteristic and the efficient analysis are carried on to it, the contrast analysis in the traditional heating way
合理地选择与设计温室供热系统，既能满足作物生长需求，又能最大限度地节约能源和保护环境，是设施农业生产亟待解决的课题。本文对温室增温系统的设计理论作了系统地研究，论述了影响温室温度的主要因素，包括进入室内的太阳辐射增温、人工加热增温、贯流放热、换气放热量、土壤的地中传热等。对温室环境进行了全面、系统的能耗分析，并从细算和概算两个角度给出了温室供热负荷的数学模型。
对目前温室常用的几种供热方式如热水供热方式、热风供热方式、电热线地下采暖等作了简要介绍。为解决温室冬季加热能量消耗过大和环境污染问题，提高温室种植的经济效益和社会效益，本文对于节能和环保的新型温室供热技术作了重点研究。
太阳能清洁廉价，取之不尽、用之不竭，具有既节能又环保的突出优点。本文讨论了太阳能采暖系统的设计思路，根据主动式太阳能地下蓄热系统的供热特点，对其进行节能特征和经济性分析，并与传统供热方式从供热效果和能耗方面进行了对比分析。作为一种新型能源，电热泵具有十分可观的生态效益和社会效益，本文分析了电热泵的节能和环保效果，对其在农业上应用的可行性加以分析。
本文最后从管理节能的角度，对利用现代计算机监控技术实现变温管理和精确控制加热量来实现节能进行了分析。
Resource-saving and environment-protection are common problems of all of countries in the world. Our country attaches high importance to the implementation of the sustainable development strategy, explicitly proposes that the construction of resource-saving and environment-friendly society must be speed up. The rapid development of national economy will increase the resources-consumption, enlarge the environment-pressure. This country has to speed up the transformation of economy growth way, develop the circulation economy vigorously, construct the resource-saving and environment-friendly society and promote the coordinative and sustainable development of agricultural economy. Based on the thought above, the design of new energy-saving and environment-protective greenhouse heating system is researched in this paper.
It is a urgent topic of greenhouse industry to choose and design heating-systems properly, so as not only to meet the growth need of crops, but also to save energy and protect environment to the greatest limit. The design theory of greenhouse heating-systems is systematically studied in this paper. The mainly factions which affect the temperature in greenhouse are analyzed, such as solar radiation, heating, heat exchange between building, heat exchange to earth and so on. The energy consumption of greenhouse environment is analysed comprehensively and systematically, and the mathematical models from exact to approximate calculation of greenhouse heating loads are obtained.
The existing greenhouse heating ways, such as heating by hot water, hot wind, and heating the plant earth by electrothermal wire and so on, are briefly introduced. For the purpose of decreasing the energy expense and solving the problem of air pollution resulting from fuel, some new reasonable energy-saving and environment-protective heating schemes are mainly explored.
The solar energy is clean, inexpensive, inexhaustible and has prominent merit, not only energy-saving but also environmental protection. The solar energy heating system design mentality is discussed on the paper. According to the heating characteristic of the underground driving-type solar energy regeneration system, the energy conservation characteristic and the efficient analysis are carried on to it, the contrast analysis in the traditional heating way
引文
[1] 邹志荣，园艺设施学．中国农业出版社 2002，08
[2] 李进京，刘雪美．华北型日光温室升温系统的节能设计专家系统[J]．农机化研究，2004，02：140-142．
[3] 马承伟，苗香雯．农业生物环境工程中国农业出版社 2005，1
[4] 李式军．设施园艺学中国农业出版社 2002，10
[5] 郭维明，毛龙生．观赏园艺概论中国农业出版社 2001．8
[6] 白广存．计算机在农业生物环境测控与管理中的应用清华大学出版社 1998．02
[7] 马凯，贯彻和落实科学发展观大力推进循环经济发展，在全国循环经济工作会议上的讲话，2004年9月
[8] 解振华，关于循环经济理论与政策的几点思考，光明日报，2003年11月17日
[9] 冯之浚主编，中国循环经济高端论坛，人民出版社，2005年3月
[10] 王玉庆．在中国环境科学学会2004年学术年会上的讲话，2004年9月23日
[11] 国家七部委为“循环经济”把脉，中国信息报，2005-03-17
[12] 威廉，麦克唐纳等著．中国21世纪议程管理中心等译，从摇篮到摇篮循环经济涉及之探索，同济大学出版社，2005年1月
[13] 崔海亭，杨锋编著．蓄热技术及其应用，化学工业出版社，2004．7
[14] 罗运俊，何梓年，王常贵编著．太阳能利用技术，化学工业出版社，2005年1月
[15] 杜军．供热日光温室气温与土温传热模型及动态模拟[D]；哈尔滨工业大学；2000．11
[16] 陈重．温室内外部环境的智能管理系统的研究[D]；吉林大学；2001．02
[17] 何斌．温室直射光光环境计算机模拟计算[D]；西北农林科技大学；2001．10
[18] 凌坚．连栋温室反射型保温幕的性能研究[D]；中国农业大学；2001．03
[19] 刘杰．NJ-6型节能连栋温室光温环境研究[D]；中国农业大 学；2001．05
[20] 佟国红，王铁良等．日光温室墙体传热特性的研究[J]．农业工程学报，2003，03：186-189．
[21] 蔡龙俊，杨琳．连栋温室内保温幕节能效果的研究分析[J]．农业工程学报，2002，06：116-120．
[22] 李志伟，王双喜，高昌珍等．以温度为主控参数的日光温室综合环境控制系统的研制与应用[J]．农业工程学报，2002，03：84-87．
[23] 沈能展，任红玉，陈友等．98-Ⅰ型日光节能温室冬季增温效应及其特点[J]．东北农业大学学报，2001，03：52-56．
[24] 丁文彦，徐江宁．节能型日光温室温度控制系统的研制[J]．沈阳农业大学学报，2001，02：52-54．
[25] 王永维，苗香雯，崔绍荣．温室地下贮热系统设计研究[J]．农机化研究，2004，01：141-143．
[26] 王永维，苗香雯，崔绍荣等．温室地下蓄热系统换热特性研究[J]．农业工程学报，2003，06：248-251．
[27] 王双喜，马春生，张静等．节能温室太阳能土壤蓄热加温系统的研究(英文)[J]．农业工程学报，2003，05：197-203．
[28] 白义奎，刘文合，王铁良等．辽沈Ⅰ型日光温室环境及保温性能试验研究(英文)[J]．农业工程学报，2003，05：191-196．
[29] Al-Hussaini, H.; Such, K. O. Using shallow solar ponds as a heating source for greenhouses in cold climates Energy Conversion and Management Volume: 39, Issue: 13, September 1, 1998, pp. 1369-1376
[30] Bakos, George C.; Fidanidis, Dimitrios; Tsagas, Nikolaos F. Greenhouse heating using geothermal energy Geothermics Volume: 28, Issue: 6, December, 1999, pp. 759-765
[31] Pieters, J. G.; Deltour, J. M. Modelling solar energy input in greenhouses Solar Energy Volume: 67, Issue: 1-3, July, 1999, pp. 119-130
[32] Pieters, J. G.; Deltour, J. M. Performances of Greenhouses with the Presence of Condensation on Cladding Materials Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research Volume: 68, Issue: 2, October, 1997, pp. 125-137
[33] Kempkes, F. L. K.; Van de Braak, N. J.; Bakker, J. C. Effect of Heating System Position on Vertical Distribution of Crop Temperature and Transpiration in Greenhouse Tomatoes Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research Volume: 75, Issue: 1, January, 2000, pp. 57-64
[34] Campen, J. B.; Bot, G. P. A. SE—Structures and Environment: Dehumidification in Greenhouses by Condensation on Finned Pipes Biosystems Engineering Volume: 82, Issue: 2, June, 2002, pp. 177-185
[35] Chen, Wei; Liu, Wei Numerical and experimental analysis of convection heat transfer in passive solar heating room with greenhouse and heat storage Solar Energy Volume: 76, Issue: 5, 2004, pp. 623-633
[36] Teitel, Meir; Tanny, Josef Radiative Heat Transfer from Heating Tubes in a Greenhouse Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research Volume: 69, Issue: 2, February, 1998, pp. 185-188
[37] Ghosal, M. K.; Tiwari, G. N. Mathematical modeling for greenhouse heating by using thermal curtain and geothermal energy Solar Energy Volume: 76, Issue: 5, 2004, pp. 603-613
[38] Karytsas, Constantine; Mendrinos, Dimitrios; Goldbrunner, Johann. Low enthalpy geothermal energy utilisation schemes for greenhouse and district heating at Traianoupolis Evros, Greece Geothermics Volume: 32, Issue: 1, February, 2003, pp. 69-78
[39] Teitel, M.; Shklyar, A.; Segal, I.; Barak, M. Effects of Nonsteady Hot-water Greenhouse Heating on Heat Transfer and Microclimate Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research Volume: 65, Issue: 4, December, 1996, pp. 297-304
[40] Santamouris, M. Energy conservation in greenhouses with buffed pipes Fuel and Energy Abstracts Volume: 37, Issue: 3, May, 1996, pp. 237
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[45] Tantau, Hans-Juergen. Energy saving potential of greenhouse climate control Mathematics and Computers in Simulation Volume: 48, Issue: 1, November 1, 1998, pp. 93-101
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[52] Snakin, J.-P. A. An engineering model for heating energy and emission assessment The case of North Karelia, Finland Applied Energy Volume: 67, Issue: 4, December 1, 2000, pp. 353-381
[2] 李进京，刘雪美．华北型日光温室升温系统的节能设计专家系统[J]．农机化研究，2004，02：140-142．
[3] 马承伟，苗香雯．农业生物环境工程中国农业出版社 2005，1
[4] 李式军．设施园艺学中国农业出版社 2002，10
[5] 郭维明，毛龙生．观赏园艺概论中国农业出版社 2001．8
[6] 白广存．计算机在农业生物环境测控与管理中的应用清华大学出版社 1998．02
[7] 马凯，贯彻和落实科学发展观大力推进循环经济发展，在全国循环经济工作会议上的讲话，2004年9月
[8] 解振华，关于循环经济理论与政策的几点思考，光明日报，2003年11月17日
[9] 冯之浚主编，中国循环经济高端论坛，人民出版社，2005年3月
[10] 王玉庆．在中国环境科学学会2004年学术年会上的讲话，2004年9月23日
[11] 国家七部委为“循环经济”把脉，中国信息报，2005-03-17
[12] 威廉，麦克唐纳等著．中国21世纪议程管理中心等译，从摇篮到摇篮循环经济涉及之探索，同济大学出版社，2005年1月
[13] 崔海亭，杨锋编著．蓄热技术及其应用，化学工业出版社，2004．7
[14] 罗运俊，何梓年，王常贵编著．太阳能利用技术，化学工业出版社，2005年1月
[15] 杜军．供热日光温室气温与土温传热模型及动态模拟[D]；哈尔滨工业大学；2000．11
[16] 陈重．温室内外部环境的智能管理系统的研究[D]；吉林大学；2001．02
[17] 何斌．温室直射光光环境计算机模拟计算[D]；西北农林科技大学；2001．10
[18] 凌坚．连栋温室反射型保温幕的性能研究[D]；中国农业大学；2001．03
[19] 刘杰．NJ-6型节能连栋温室光温环境研究[D]；中国农业大 学；2001．05
[20] 佟国红，王铁良等．日光温室墙体传热特性的研究[J]．农业工程学报，2003，03：186-189．
[21] 蔡龙俊，杨琳．连栋温室内保温幕节能效果的研究分析[J]．农业工程学报，2002，06：116-120．
[22] 李志伟，王双喜，高昌珍等．以温度为主控参数的日光温室综合环境控制系统的研制与应用[J]．农业工程学报，2002，03：84-87．
[23] 沈能展，任红玉，陈友等．98-Ⅰ型日光节能温室冬季增温效应及其特点[J]．东北农业大学学报，2001，03：52-56．
[24] 丁文彦，徐江宁．节能型日光温室温度控制系统的研制[J]．沈阳农业大学学报，2001，02：52-54．
[25] 王永维，苗香雯，崔绍荣．温室地下贮热系统设计研究[J]．农机化研究，2004，01：141-143．
[26] 王永维，苗香雯，崔绍荣等．温室地下蓄热系统换热特性研究[J]．农业工程学报，2003，06：248-251．
[27] 王双喜，马春生，张静等．节能温室太阳能土壤蓄热加温系统的研究(英文)[J]．农业工程学报，2003，05：197-203．
[28] 白义奎，刘文合，王铁良等．辽沈Ⅰ型日光温室环境及保温性能试验研究(英文)[J]．农业工程学报，2003，05：191-196．
[29] Al-Hussaini, H.; Such, K. O. Using shallow solar ponds as a heating source for greenhouses in cold climates Energy Conversion and Management Volume: 39, Issue: 13, September 1, 1998, pp. 1369-1376
[30] Bakos, George C.; Fidanidis, Dimitrios; Tsagas, Nikolaos F. Greenhouse heating using geothermal energy Geothermics Volume: 28, Issue: 6, December, 1999, pp. 759-765
[31] Pieters, J. G.; Deltour, J. M. Modelling solar energy input in greenhouses Solar Energy Volume: 67, Issue: 1-3, July, 1999, pp. 119-130
[32] Pieters, J. G.; Deltour, J. M. Performances of Greenhouses with the Presence of Condensation on Cladding Materials Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research Volume: 68, Issue: 2, October, 1997, pp. 125-137
[33] Kempkes, F. L. K.; Van de Braak, N. J.; Bakker, J. C. Effect of Heating System Position on Vertical Distribution of Crop Temperature and Transpiration in Greenhouse Tomatoes Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research Volume: 75, Issue: 1, January, 2000, pp. 57-64
[34] Campen, J. B.; Bot, G. P. A. SE—Structures and Environment: Dehumidification in Greenhouses by Condensation on Finned Pipes Biosystems Engineering Volume: 82, Issue: 2, June, 2002, pp. 177-185
[35] Chen, Wei; Liu, Wei Numerical and experimental analysis of convection heat transfer in passive solar heating room with greenhouse and heat storage Solar Energy Volume: 76, Issue: 5, 2004, pp. 623-633
[36] Teitel, Meir; Tanny, Josef Radiative Heat Transfer from Heating Tubes in a Greenhouse Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research Volume: 69, Issue: 2, February, 1998, pp. 185-188
[37] Ghosal, M. K.; Tiwari, G. N. Mathematical modeling for greenhouse heating by using thermal curtain and geothermal energy Solar Energy Volume: 76, Issue: 5, 2004, pp. 603-613
[38] Karytsas, Constantine; Mendrinos, Dimitrios; Goldbrunner, Johann. Low enthalpy geothermal energy utilisation schemes for greenhouse and district heating at Traianoupolis Evros, Greece Geothermics Volume: 32, Issue: 1, February, 2003, pp. 69-78
[39] Teitel, M.; Shklyar, A.; Segal, I.; Barak, M. Effects of Nonsteady Hot-water Greenhouse Heating on Heat Transfer and Microclimate Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research Volume: 65, Issue: 4, December, 1996, pp. 297-304
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