东营凹陷盐—泥构造与油气运移和聚集的关系研究
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摘要
盐-泥构造是东营凹陷最重要的含油气构造。研究盐-泥构造与油气运移和聚集的关系，
具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。在国家自然科学基金和胜利石油管理局“九五”攻关课
题的资助下，在国内外关于盐或泥构造、盆地流体分析、油气运移和聚集过程研究的最新
理论和方法的指导下，本文切入了盐-泥构造与油气运移和聚集关系这一复杂而富有魅力的
研究课题。在提出盐-泥层和盐-泥构造的前提下，本文确定了东营凹陷盐-泥构造的类型、
空间展布规律、成因机制和演化过程，讨论了盐-泥构造对油气运移和聚集的控制作用和作
用机制，建立了与盐-泥构造相关的流体成藏动力学模式，指出了与盐-泥构造相关的油气
勘探方向。
1. 东营凹陷含盐层序原始沉积的典型特征是：盐类岩石与超压泥岩等构成互层的多韵
律结构。这在我国陆相断陷盆地中具有普遍性。针对这一特点，本文提出了盐-泥层和盐-
泥构造的概念。盐-泥层是指盐类岩石与超压泥岩呈互层的沉积层序，具有一定的塑性或流
动性。盐-泥构造是由盐-泥层的流动变形而形成的一类构造样式。盐-泥构造与纯粹的盐构
造或泥构造相比具有特殊性。
2. 以地震剖面的精细解释为基础，借鉴典型盐或泥构造的研究成果，本文确立了东营
凹陷盐-泥构造样式包括：盐-泥枕构造、盐-泥滚—滑脱断层簇—滚动背斜构造、盐-泥核
背斜—拱顶断层簇构造。根据盐-泥构造的空间展布规律，将传统的中央隆起带划分为 3
个构造带：北部盐-泥核背斜—拱顶断层簇构造带（东营构造带）、中部盐-泥枕-滑脱断层
簇—滚动背斜构造带（辛镇构造带、郝家构造带）、南部盐-泥滚—滑脱断层簇—滚动背斜
构造带（史南-现河庄构造带、梁家楼构造带）。
3.区域伸展作用下的重力滑动作用是东营凹陷盐-泥构造的成因机制。重力滑动作用表
现为触发盐-泥层的聚集—隆升和引起薄皮滑脱作用。由此将盐-泥构造演化历程划分为盐-
泥枕发育期（SB6’前）和滑脱断层—盐-泥滚—盐-泥核背斜发育期（SB6’后）。最终建立
了东营凹陷盐-泥构造的成因-演化模式。
4.利用了声波时差测井曲线和实测地层压力资料，在编制单井、剖面和平面压力系统
结构图的基础上，概括出东营凹陷存在以沙河街组三、四段及孔店组活跃的烃源岩为主体
的巨型烃源岩-超压封存箱复合体（SR-OPCC）；划分出超压流体动力系统和静水压力-低压
流体动力系统；特别讨论了超压释放和超压传递两类引人注目的与超压流体活动相关的现
象——认识盆地流体活动以及油气运移和聚集的 “金钥匙”。
5.本文将盐度（TDS）大于 10g/L 的流体称为含盐流体，具体划分出低盐度流体
(1000g/L）。在编绘沙四
上—沙二段 5 个地层单元流体盐度平面分布图的基础上，总结出高盐度异常沿主要断裂带
展布的规律，提出沙河街组四段上亚段—东营组的高盐度流体，是盐-泥层中盐岩溶解形成
的超压高盐度流体沿运移通道运移和注入的结果。从压力与盐度关系的角度认识了压力系
数和盐度变化的 3 种趋势，并以超压释放和超压传递机制解释了变化现象。
6. 根据凹陷地层孔隙流体的压力、盐度和温度特征以及流体运移动力和样式，本文划
分出 3 个流体动力系统：深部超压含盐流体动力系统、中部静水压力含盐流体动力系统和
浅部静水压力-低压淡水动力系统。在这样的流体动力系统背景下，含盐流体发生了别具特
色的流动。
7. 与盐-泥构造相关的流体活动和油气运移通道有断层型、裂隙型和砂岩型。以岩心
观测和包裹体、电子探针、激光拉曼的测试数据和压力、盐度数据为依据，证实了这些运
移通道的幕式活动。运移通道的动态性与超压释放作用有密切联系。
8. 与盐-泥构造相关的油气圈闭组合包括：盐-泥枕—滑脱断层簇—滚动背斜型圈闭组
合、盐-泥滚—滑脱断层簇—滚动背斜型圈闭组合、盐-泥核背斜—拱顶断层簇型圈闭组合。
对应了 3 种油气藏组合，并分别命名为辛镇型（辛镇油田、郝家油田）、史南-现河庄型（史
南油田、现河庄油田和梁家楼油田）、东营型（东营油田）油气藏组合。盐-泥构造对圈闭
的控制作用表现在两方面：一是与盐-泥构造相关的断层或背斜直接参与圈闭的形成和演
化；二是通过控制沉积作用，间接影响圈闭的形成和演化。
9.在归纳成藏基本要素和油气成藏过程的基础上，厘定了与盐-泥构造相关的油气成藏
事件。以史南-现河庄型油气藏组合为典型，剖析了与盐-泥构造相关的油气成藏过程。在
此基础上，建立了与盐-泥构造相关的流体成藏动力学模型——概括出超压含盐流体动力系
统、静水压力含盐流体动力系统和静水压力-低压淡水动力系统内的油气运移和聚集的过
程。
10. 从盐-泥构造与油气运移和聚集关系的角度出发，依据盐-泥构造样式及其展布规
律以及与盐-泥构造相关的油气运移和聚集规律，对与盐-泥构造相关的油气勘探提出初步
的设想——盐-泥上覆层有 3 类远景区：与盐-泥枕相关的远景区、与盐-泥滚—滑脱断层簇
相关的远景区和与盐-泥核背斜相关的远景区。这些远景区的目的层均为沙三中、下和沙四
上。同时指出，盐-泥层层间?
Salt-mud tectonics is the most important structure for hydrocarbon accumulation in the
Dongying Depression. It is necessary to research on salt-mud tectonics in both theoretically and
practically. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).
Guiding with new theories and methods on salt tectonics and mud tectonics, basin-fluid analysis,
hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, the thesis focus on studying the relationships between
salt-mud tectonics and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, which is also a charming and
challenged theme at home and aboard. Firstly, the paper proposes the concepts of the salt-mud
bed and salt-mud tectonics. Then the styles, characteristics of spatial distribution, genetic
mechanics and evolution of salt-mud tectonics are refined in the Dongying Depression. Based on
which the paper discussed the controls of salt-mud tectonics on hydrocarbon migration and
accumulation and their mechanics, subsequently established fluid dynamic system model of
hydrocarbon migration and accumulation related to salt-mud tectonics. Finally, the prospects of
potential reservoirs are proposed related to the salt-mud tectonics.
1. The typical feature of primary sediments of saline sequence in the Dongying Depression
is the rhythmic succession characterized by interbeds of evaporite and overpressured mudstone,
which is prevalent in continental fault basins in China. So the concepts of salt-mud bed and
salt-mud tectonics are proposed in this paper. Salt-mud bed refer to sedimentary sequences
consisted of the interbeds of evaporite and overpressured mudstone, which has the ductile or
fluid properties. Salt-mud tectonics is one kind of tectonics resulted from the distortion of
salt-mud bed flow. Salt-mud tectonics is different significantly to pure salt or mud tectonics.
2. Based on the seismic profiles with seismic net spacing in almost 2km, the salt-mud
tectonic styles in the Dongying Depression defined in this paper include salt-mud pillow,
salt-mud roller—detachment fault family—rollover anticline, and salt-mud core anticline—
keystone fault family. According to the spatial distribution features, the conventional Central
Uplift Zone is re-divided into three subtectonic zones. They are the northern zone of
salt-mud-core anticline and keystone fault family (Dongying tectonic zone ), the middle zone
composed of salt-mud pillow, detachment fault family and rollover anticline ( Xinzhen and
Haojia tectonic zones ), and the southern zone composed of salt-mud roller, detachment fault
family and rollover anticline (Shinan-Xianhezhuang and Liangjialou tectonic zone).
3. The trigger mechanism of the salt-mud tectonics is the gravitational gliding within
regional extension. Salt-mud bed accumulating and upwelling and thin-skinned detachment
incarnate gravitational gliding. Consequently, the evolution of salt-mud tectonics is divided into
two stages composed of salt-mud pillow developing stage (Before SB6’) and detachment fault,
salt-mud roller and salt-mud-core anticline developing stage (After SB6’).
4. Combined acoustic logs and drill stem test (DST) data, structure of pressure system are
complied on wells, profiles and planes, all of which indicate that a huge source rock –
overpressure compartment complex (SR-OPCC) exist in the Dongying Depression. The active
source rocks in third-forth member of Shahejie Formation and Kongdian Formation constitute
the main body of SR-OPCC. And two systems can be divided as overpressure fluid dynamic
system and hydrostatic-under pressured fluid dynamic system respectively. The overpressured
expulsion and overpressued transference are discussed dramatically in this thesis, which is
regarded as the “gold key” in understanding basin fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration and
accumulation.
5. Saline fluids are defined as the fluids with Total Dissolution Solidity (TDS) over 10g/l in
this paper. There are three kinds of saline fluids including lower salinity fluids (10
具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。在国家自然科学基金和胜利石油管理局“九五”攻关课
题的资助下，在国内外关于盐或泥构造、盆地流体分析、油气运移和聚集过程研究的最新
理论和方法的指导下，本文切入了盐-泥构造与油气运移和聚集关系这一复杂而富有魅力的
研究课题。在提出盐-泥层和盐-泥构造的前提下，本文确定了东营凹陷盐-泥构造的类型、
空间展布规律、成因机制和演化过程，讨论了盐-泥构造对油气运移和聚集的控制作用和作
用机制，建立了与盐-泥构造相关的流体成藏动力学模式，指出了与盐-泥构造相关的油气
勘探方向。
1. 东营凹陷含盐层序原始沉积的典型特征是：盐类岩石与超压泥岩等构成互层的多韵
律结构。这在我国陆相断陷盆地中具有普遍性。针对这一特点，本文提出了盐-泥层和盐-
泥构造的概念。盐-泥层是指盐类岩石与超压泥岩呈互层的沉积层序，具有一定的塑性或流
动性。盐-泥构造是由盐-泥层的流动变形而形成的一类构造样式。盐-泥构造与纯粹的盐构
造或泥构造相比具有特殊性。
2. 以地震剖面的精细解释为基础，借鉴典型盐或泥构造的研究成果，本文确立了东营
凹陷盐-泥构造样式包括：盐-泥枕构造、盐-泥滚—滑脱断层簇—滚动背斜构造、盐-泥核
背斜—拱顶断层簇构造。根据盐-泥构造的空间展布规律，将传统的中央隆起带划分为 3
个构造带：北部盐-泥核背斜—拱顶断层簇构造带（东营构造带）、中部盐-泥枕-滑脱断层
簇—滚动背斜构造带（辛镇构造带、郝家构造带）、南部盐-泥滚—滑脱断层簇—滚动背斜
构造带（史南-现河庄构造带、梁家楼构造带）。
3.区域伸展作用下的重力滑动作用是东营凹陷盐-泥构造的成因机制。重力滑动作用表
现为触发盐-泥层的聚集—隆升和引起薄皮滑脱作用。由此将盐-泥构造演化历程划分为盐-
泥枕发育期（SB6’前）和滑脱断层—盐-泥滚—盐-泥核背斜发育期（SB6’后）。最终建立
了东营凹陷盐-泥构造的成因-演化模式。
4.利用了声波时差测井曲线和实测地层压力资料，在编制单井、剖面和平面压力系统
结构图的基础上，概括出东营凹陷存在以沙河街组三、四段及孔店组活跃的烃源岩为主体
的巨型烃源岩-超压封存箱复合体（SR-OPCC）；划分出超压流体动力系统和静水压力-低压
流体动力系统；特别讨论了超压释放和超压传递两类引人注目的与超压流体活动相关的现
象——认识盆地流体活动以及油气运移和聚集的 “金钥匙”。
5.本文将盐度（TDS）大于 10g/L 的流体称为含盐流体，具体划分出低盐度流体
(10
上—沙二段 5 个地层单元流体盐度平面分布图的基础上，总结出高盐度异常沿主要断裂带
展布的规律，提出沙河街组四段上亚段—东营组的高盐度流体，是盐-泥层中盐岩溶解形成
的超压高盐度流体沿运移通道运移和注入的结果。从压力与盐度关系的角度认识了压力系
数和盐度变化的 3 种趋势，并以超压释放和超压传递机制解释了变化现象。
6. 根据凹陷地层孔隙流体的压力、盐度和温度特征以及流体运移动力和样式，本文划
分出 3 个流体动力系统：深部超压含盐流体动力系统、中部静水压力含盐流体动力系统和
浅部静水压力-低压淡水动力系统。在这样的流体动力系统背景下，含盐流体发生了别具特
色的流动。
7. 与盐-泥构造相关的流体活动和油气运移通道有断层型、裂隙型和砂岩型。以岩心
观测和包裹体、电子探针、激光拉曼的测试数据和压力、盐度数据为依据，证实了这些运
移通道的幕式活动。运移通道的动态性与超压释放作用有密切联系。
8. 与盐-泥构造相关的油气圈闭组合包括：盐-泥枕—滑脱断层簇—滚动背斜型圈闭组
合、盐-泥滚—滑脱断层簇—滚动背斜型圈闭组合、盐-泥核背斜—拱顶断层簇型圈闭组合。
对应了 3 种油气藏组合，并分别命名为辛镇型（辛镇油田、郝家油田）、史南-现河庄型（史
南油田、现河庄油田和梁家楼油田）、东营型（东营油田）油气藏组合。盐-泥构造对圈闭
的控制作用表现在两方面：一是与盐-泥构造相关的断层或背斜直接参与圈闭的形成和演
化；二是通过控制沉积作用，间接影响圈闭的形成和演化。
9.在归纳成藏基本要素和油气成藏过程的基础上，厘定了与盐-泥构造相关的油气成藏
事件。以史南-现河庄型油气藏组合为典型，剖析了与盐-泥构造相关的油气成藏过程。在
此基础上，建立了与盐-泥构造相关的流体成藏动力学模型——概括出超压含盐流体动力系
统、静水压力含盐流体动力系统和静水压力-低压淡水动力系统内的油气运移和聚集的过
程。
10. 从盐-泥构造与油气运移和聚集关系的角度出发，依据盐-泥构造样式及其展布规
律以及与盐-泥构造相关的油气运移和聚集规律，对与盐-泥构造相关的油气勘探提出初步
的设想——盐-泥上覆层有 3 类远景区：与盐-泥枕相关的远景区、与盐-泥滚—滑脱断层簇
相关的远景区和与盐-泥核背斜相关的远景区。这些远景区的目的层均为沙三中、下和沙四
上。同时指出，盐-泥层层间?
Salt-mud tectonics is the most important structure for hydrocarbon accumulation in the
Dongying Depression. It is necessary to research on salt-mud tectonics in both theoretically and
practically. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).
Guiding with new theories and methods on salt tectonics and mud tectonics, basin-fluid analysis,
hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, the thesis focus on studying the relationships between
salt-mud tectonics and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation, which is also a charming and
challenged theme at home and aboard. Firstly, the paper proposes the concepts of the salt-mud
bed and salt-mud tectonics. Then the styles, characteristics of spatial distribution, genetic
mechanics and evolution of salt-mud tectonics are refined in the Dongying Depression. Based on
which the paper discussed the controls of salt-mud tectonics on hydrocarbon migration and
accumulation and their mechanics, subsequently established fluid dynamic system model of
hydrocarbon migration and accumulation related to salt-mud tectonics. Finally, the prospects of
potential reservoirs are proposed related to the salt-mud tectonics.
1. The typical feature of primary sediments of saline sequence in the Dongying Depression
is the rhythmic succession characterized by interbeds of evaporite and overpressured mudstone,
which is prevalent in continental fault basins in China. So the concepts of salt-mud bed and
salt-mud tectonics are proposed in this paper. Salt-mud bed refer to sedimentary sequences
consisted of the interbeds of evaporite and overpressured mudstone, which has the ductile or
fluid properties. Salt-mud tectonics is one kind of tectonics resulted from the distortion of
salt-mud bed flow. Salt-mud tectonics is different significantly to pure salt or mud tectonics.
2. Based on the seismic profiles with seismic net spacing in almost 2km, the salt-mud
tectonic styles in the Dongying Depression defined in this paper include salt-mud pillow,
salt-mud roller—detachment fault family—rollover anticline, and salt-mud core anticline—
keystone fault family. According to the spatial distribution features, the conventional Central
Uplift Zone is re-divided into three subtectonic zones. They are the northern zone of
salt-mud-core anticline and keystone fault family (Dongying tectonic zone ), the middle zone
composed of salt-mud pillow, detachment fault family and rollover anticline ( Xinzhen and
Haojia tectonic zones ), and the southern zone composed of salt-mud roller, detachment fault
family and rollover anticline (Shinan-Xianhezhuang and Liangjialou tectonic zone).
3. The trigger mechanism of the salt-mud tectonics is the gravitational gliding within
regional extension. Salt-mud bed accumulating and upwelling and thin-skinned detachment
incarnate gravitational gliding. Consequently, the evolution of salt-mud tectonics is divided into
two stages composed of salt-mud pillow developing stage (Before SB6’) and detachment fault,
salt-mud roller and salt-mud-core anticline developing stage (After SB6’).
4. Combined acoustic logs and drill stem test (DST) data, structure of pressure system are
complied on wells, profiles and planes, all of which indicate that a huge source rock –
overpressure compartment complex (SR-OPCC) exist in the Dongying Depression. The active
source rocks in third-forth member of Shahejie Formation and Kongdian Formation constitute
the main body of SR-OPCC. And two systems can be divided as overpressure fluid dynamic
system and hydrostatic-under pressured fluid dynamic system respectively. The overpressured
expulsion and overpressued transference are discussed dramatically in this thesis, which is
regarded as the “gold key” in understanding basin fluid flow and hydrocarbon migration and
accumulation.
5. Saline fluids are defined as the fluids with Total Dissolution Solidity (TDS) over 10g/l in
this paper. There are three kinds of saline fluids including lower salinity fluids (10
引文
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