高炮火控系统各子系统间信息传递的优化技术
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摘要
本论文来源于火控系统总体工程实践,主要针对火控系统各子系统信息传递的优化问题,基于各子系统间信息传递必须平滑、及时和连续的准则,对各子系统间的信息传递问题,给出了不同的解决方法。所阐述的理论与技术是为近程防空反导领域中的速射小高炮的火控系统总体的论证、设计与试验提供理论与方法的支持。它属于该领域中的应用理论研究课题。
首先,就二坐标目标指示与三坐标目标跟踪系统间的信息传递优化技术,基于目标的直线运动假定,给出了由目标指示雷达二坐标信息(方位角、距离)估计目标高度及其分布范围的方法;基于多目标高度初值的多滤波器运算,使目标指示装置在高低上的搜索范围逐渐收缩,为目标指示装置更快地捕捉到目标从而尽早进入目标跟踪状态提供了优化策略。
其次,就激光测距与视频跟踪系统间信息传递优化技术,针对激光测距仪在目标跟踪时的漏测问题,在假定激光测距仪跟踪误差为白噪声的前提下,给出了激光测距仪连续漏测时间的概率分布规律,并以激光测距仪的最大允许连续漏测时间出现的概率为指标,给出了满足该指标的测距仪跟踪系统的PI控制器参数区域的求解方法,为火控系统解算和火炮跟踪及射击的连续性给出了控制策略。
接着,就跟踪系统中人-机间信息传递优化技术,即火控系统的跟踪子系统中的人机协同问题,给出了操纵手的满意建模方法,并将实际中刻画操纵手操作平稳性的超差考核指标纳入到对操纵手的满意建模中,给出了由超差指标(平均超差度、平均超差频率)和稳态误差系数指标的考核值辨识操纵手模型参数的简易方法;并分别对离散和连续系统,给出了求解满足以上期望指标集的操纵手模型(参数)集的图解方法。
最后,就目标跟踪与火炮驱动系统间的信息传递优化技术,提出了射表逼近函数的解析延拓方法,为确保火炮的最早的命中点能处于其最大射程的边界上,并为实现火炮跟踪诸元序列由射程外到射程内过渡过程符合二阶平滑的准则,从而使火炮的可射击区域最大化,同时也为火炮提供了在最大射程处的平滑调转策略。
Ideas of this dissertation are generated from the engineering practice of the fire control system. This dissertation deals mainly with the optimization problem of information transmission between the subsystems of fire control system. Based on the criterion of smooth and timeliness of information transmission, different solutions are given for information transmission between the subsystems. Theories and technologies stated in this dissertation are to support the demonstration, design and test of rapid-shot anti-aircraft gun fire control system in fields of short range air defense and antimissile theoretically and methodologically. It is an applied theory research project in this field.
Firstly, for the optimization of information transmission between two-coordinate target indicating and the three-coordinate target tracking equipment, based on the assumption of linear motion of target, and based on the two-dimension coordinate information (azimuth, distance) of the acquisition radar, the estimation method of the target height and distribution area is given. Multi-filter operation which based on initial value of multi target heights narrows down vertical search range of target tracking equipment and provides such a strategy that target tracking equipment could capture target faster and enter the state of target tracking as soon as possible.
Secondly, for the optimization of information transmission between laser measurement and video tracking system, aiming at the missed measure problem of laser range finder, given that the tracking errors of the laser range finder is white noise, the probability distribution rale of the laser range finder's continuous missed measure time is given. Regarding the probability of maximum allowable continuous missed measure time of the laser range finder as an index, the satisfied solving method of PI controller parameter regions of the laser range finder tracking system is give. Thus, it gives out controlling strategy of fire control computing and the continuity of gun tracking and firing.
Thirdly, for the optimization technology of man-machine information transmission in the tracking system, namely, the man-machine cooperation problem in fire control tracking subsystems, the operator satisfactory modeling method is given. By bringing exceeding tolerance indexes into operator satisfactory modeling, a simplified method of identifying parameters of operator model is proposed. This method is based on exceeding tolerance indexes (the average exceeding tolerance rate, the average exceeding tolerance frequency) and stable error coefficient index. Regarding to discrete and continuous system, operator modeling (parameters) sets that satisfy expected index set above are explained by graphics, respectively.
Lastly, for the optimization of information transmission between target tracking system and gun driving system, and to ensure the first hit point can locate at the boundary of maximum hitting range, an analytic extension method on the approximation function of firing tables is put forward, which lead to the maximization of the effective hitting range of the gun. And also this analytic extension method gives a smooth turning strategy for the gun at the point of maximum effective hitting range.
首先,就二坐标目标指示与三坐标目标跟踪系统间的信息传递优化技术,基于目标的直线运动假定,给出了由目标指示雷达二坐标信息(方位角、距离)估计目标高度及其分布范围的方法;基于多目标高度初值的多滤波器运算,使目标指示装置在高低上的搜索范围逐渐收缩,为目标指示装置更快地捕捉到目标从而尽早进入目标跟踪状态提供了优化策略。
其次,就激光测距与视频跟踪系统间信息传递优化技术,针对激光测距仪在目标跟踪时的漏测问题,在假定激光测距仪跟踪误差为白噪声的前提下,给出了激光测距仪连续漏测时间的概率分布规律,并以激光测距仪的最大允许连续漏测时间出现的概率为指标,给出了满足该指标的测距仪跟踪系统的PI控制器参数区域的求解方法,为火控系统解算和火炮跟踪及射击的连续性给出了控制策略。
接着,就跟踪系统中人-机间信息传递优化技术,即火控系统的跟踪子系统中的人机协同问题,给出了操纵手的满意建模方法,并将实际中刻画操纵手操作平稳性的超差考核指标纳入到对操纵手的满意建模中,给出了由超差指标(平均超差度、平均超差频率)和稳态误差系数指标的考核值辨识操纵手模型参数的简易方法;并分别对离散和连续系统,给出了求解满足以上期望指标集的操纵手模型(参数)集的图解方法。
最后,就目标跟踪与火炮驱动系统间的信息传递优化技术,提出了射表逼近函数的解析延拓方法,为确保火炮的最早的命中点能处于其最大射程的边界上,并为实现火炮跟踪诸元序列由射程外到射程内过渡过程符合二阶平滑的准则,从而使火炮的可射击区域最大化,同时也为火炮提供了在最大射程处的平滑调转策略。
Ideas of this dissertation are generated from the engineering practice of the fire control system. This dissertation deals mainly with the optimization problem of information transmission between the subsystems of fire control system. Based on the criterion of smooth and timeliness of information transmission, different solutions are given for information transmission between the subsystems. Theories and technologies stated in this dissertation are to support the demonstration, design and test of rapid-shot anti-aircraft gun fire control system in fields of short range air defense and antimissile theoretically and methodologically. It is an applied theory research project in this field.
Firstly, for the optimization of information transmission between two-coordinate target indicating and the three-coordinate target tracking equipment, based on the assumption of linear motion of target, and based on the two-dimension coordinate information (azimuth, distance) of the acquisition radar, the estimation method of the target height and distribution area is given. Multi-filter operation which based on initial value of multi target heights narrows down vertical search range of target tracking equipment and provides such a strategy that target tracking equipment could capture target faster and enter the state of target tracking as soon as possible.
Secondly, for the optimization of information transmission between laser measurement and video tracking system, aiming at the missed measure problem of laser range finder, given that the tracking errors of the laser range finder is white noise, the probability distribution rale of the laser range finder's continuous missed measure time is given. Regarding the probability of maximum allowable continuous missed measure time of the laser range finder as an index, the satisfied solving method of PI controller parameter regions of the laser range finder tracking system is give. Thus, it gives out controlling strategy of fire control computing and the continuity of gun tracking and firing.
Thirdly, for the optimization technology of man-machine information transmission in the tracking system, namely, the man-machine cooperation problem in fire control tracking subsystems, the operator satisfactory modeling method is given. By bringing exceeding tolerance indexes into operator satisfactory modeling, a simplified method of identifying parameters of operator model is proposed. This method is based on exceeding tolerance indexes (the average exceeding tolerance rate, the average exceeding tolerance frequency) and stable error coefficient index. Regarding to discrete and continuous system, operator modeling (parameters) sets that satisfy expected index set above are explained by graphics, respectively.
Lastly, for the optimization of information transmission between target tracking system and gun driving system, and to ensure the first hit point can locate at the boundary of maximum hitting range, an analytic extension method on the approximation function of firing tables is put forward, which lead to the maximization of the effective hitting range of the gun. And also this analytic extension method gives a smooth turning strategy for the gun at the point of maximum effective hitting range.
引文
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