岩质边坡安全性评价集成分析系统
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摘要
滑坡每年给全世界造成巨大的经济损失和人员伤亡。近年来我国对西部进行开发,涌现出了大量的岩质边坡工程,边坡的安全性研究日益突出,基于此,本文开发了岩质边坡安全性评价分析集成系统。该程序不但可以对岩质边坡的稳定性做出分析,还可以对边坡的变形进行短期和长期的预测,确定边坡的安全状况。该程序主要有两个子系统:岩质边坡的稳定分析子系统和边坡的变形预测子系统。
岩质边坡节理裂隙发育,它的稳定性通常受结构面的控制,而实际上垂直方向的结构面数量很少,大部分结构面与垂直方向成一定的角度,因此本文采用改进的Sarma法作为稳定分析子系统的分析方法。使用稳定分析子系统计算边坡的稳定系数时,事先并不假定一系列滑裂面,而是子系统自动搜索出最危险滑裂面。子系统搜索临界滑裂面,是以最小抗剪力为准则,以A算法为搜索方法。在搜索滑裂面以前,用三维网络模拟程序再现结构面在边坡中的分布状况,并把结构面“点化”。最危险滑裂面确定后,稳定分析子系统根据结构面特征自动对边坡体进行斜条分,计算出正常工况和暴雨情况下边坡的稳定系数。
对于边坡变形预测子系统,采用了模拟退火优化的神经网络技术。神经网络具有高度的非线性变换和高度的并行处理能力,适合用于变形预测;但BP神经网络有收敛不到全局最小点、网络结构设计比较主观等缺点,因此本文用模拟退火算法克服BP神经网络的缺点与不足,建立了模拟退火优化地神经网络模型。另外,边坡变形预测子系统采用动态预测技术以减小前期变形对变形预测的影响,从而实现更高的预测精度。
最后用岩质边坡安全性评价集成分析系统分析了天荒坪抽水蓄能电站“3.29滑坡”区的安全情况,分析结果与边坡的实际情况相符,说明本文的岩质边坡安全性评价集成分析系统是比较成功的。
Landslide has already became one of the three most geo-hazards, the others were earthquake and volcano. Because of slide, there are a lot of economy loss and personnel casualty. Recently, the western part of our country, there are a lot of rock slopes in there, so the safety research on stability analysis of slope is more important day after day. Because of that, developed safety estimate compositive system on rock slope in this paper. It not only can analyze safety of rock slope, but also can predict the displacement in short time and in long time, confirm the safety condition. The system has two parts: the safety analysis of rock slope and the displacement predicting of rock slope.There are lots of joints in rock slope, safety of rock slope is controlled by joints, but there are a few of joints whose direction is vertical, a majority of joints' direction is not vertical, so the Sarma is adopted to be the safety analysis method of rock slope. We didn't suppose several critical slip surfaces before confirming the safety factor, using the program which is edited by myself to search the critical slip surface. The safety analysis subsystem searches the critical slip surface based on the least shearing strength and A* algorithm. Before searching the critical slip surface, using 3-D Joint Network Simulated program to recurrence joint distribute in the slope and point joints. After the critical slip surface confirmed, the subsystem separates inclining the slope automatically and computes the slope safety factor.About the displacement predicting subsystem of slope, adopting neural network developed by simulated algorithm. Because that neural network has better nonlinear and parallel proceeding, it adapts to process displacement predicting. Neural network cant convergence at the least point and the network structure design is more subjective. In this paper, using simulated algorithm to overcome the disadvantage of BP neural network, and constitute the developed neural network model. In additional, using dynamic forecasting technique to reduce the influence of the prophase displacement, so it can achieve better forecast precision.We used the safety estimate compositive system on rock slope to analyze the "3.29 landslide" slope in Tian Huangping. The result is coincident to the real condition of the slope, so the safety estimate compositive system on rock slope is relatively viable.
岩质边坡节理裂隙发育,它的稳定性通常受结构面的控制,而实际上垂直方向的结构面数量很少,大部分结构面与垂直方向成一定的角度,因此本文采用改进的Sarma法作为稳定分析子系统的分析方法。使用稳定分析子系统计算边坡的稳定系数时,事先并不假定一系列滑裂面,而是子系统自动搜索出最危险滑裂面。子系统搜索临界滑裂面,是以最小抗剪力为准则,以A算法为搜索方法。在搜索滑裂面以前,用三维网络模拟程序再现结构面在边坡中的分布状况,并把结构面“点化”。最危险滑裂面确定后,稳定分析子系统根据结构面特征自动对边坡体进行斜条分,计算出正常工况和暴雨情况下边坡的稳定系数。
对于边坡变形预测子系统,采用了模拟退火优化的神经网络技术。神经网络具有高度的非线性变换和高度的并行处理能力,适合用于变形预测;但BP神经网络有收敛不到全局最小点、网络结构设计比较主观等缺点,因此本文用模拟退火算法克服BP神经网络的缺点与不足,建立了模拟退火优化地神经网络模型。另外,边坡变形预测子系统采用动态预测技术以减小前期变形对变形预测的影响,从而实现更高的预测精度。
最后用岩质边坡安全性评价集成分析系统分析了天荒坪抽水蓄能电站“3.29滑坡”区的安全情况,分析结果与边坡的实际情况相符,说明本文的岩质边坡安全性评价集成分析系统是比较成功的。
Landslide has already became one of the three most geo-hazards, the others were earthquake and volcano. Because of slide, there are a lot of economy loss and personnel casualty. Recently, the western part of our country, there are a lot of rock slopes in there, so the safety research on stability analysis of slope is more important day after day. Because of that, developed safety estimate compositive system on rock slope in this paper. It not only can analyze safety of rock slope, but also can predict the displacement in short time and in long time, confirm the safety condition. The system has two parts: the safety analysis of rock slope and the displacement predicting of rock slope.There are lots of joints in rock slope, safety of rock slope is controlled by joints, but there are a few of joints whose direction is vertical, a majority of joints' direction is not vertical, so the Sarma is adopted to be the safety analysis method of rock slope. We didn't suppose several critical slip surfaces before confirming the safety factor, using the program which is edited by myself to search the critical slip surface. The safety analysis subsystem searches the critical slip surface based on the least shearing strength and A* algorithm. Before searching the critical slip surface, using 3-D Joint Network Simulated program to recurrence joint distribute in the slope and point joints. After the critical slip surface confirmed, the subsystem separates inclining the slope automatically and computes the slope safety factor.About the displacement predicting subsystem of slope, adopting neural network developed by simulated algorithm. Because that neural network has better nonlinear and parallel proceeding, it adapts to process displacement predicting. Neural network cant convergence at the least point and the network structure design is more subjective. In this paper, using simulated algorithm to overcome the disadvantage of BP neural network, and constitute the developed neural network model. In additional, using dynamic forecasting technique to reduce the influence of the prophase displacement, so it can achieve better forecast precision.We used the safety estimate compositive system on rock slope to analyze the "3.29 landslide" slope in Tian Huangping. The result is coincident to the real condition of the slope, so the safety estimate compositive system on rock slope is relatively viable.
引文
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[6] 汤连生,水—岩土反应的力学与环境效应研究.岩石力学与工程学报,2000.9.19(5):681—682.
[7] 张玉浩,张立宏.边坡稳定性分析方法及其研究进展[J].广西水利水电.2005(2):13—16.
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[9] 钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[10] 潘家铮.建筑物的抗滑稳定和滑坡分析[M].北京:水利出版社,1980.
[11] 张雄.边坡稳定性的刚性有限元评价[J].成都科技大学学报.1994(6):48—52.
[12] 郑颖人.用有限元强度折减法进行边坡稳定分析[J]中国工程科学.2002(10):57—61.
[13] 赵尚毅,郑颖人.用有限元强度折减法求边坡稳定安全系数[J].岩土工程学报.2002(5):343—346.
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[16] 石根华著,任放等译.块体系统不连续变形数值分析新方法[M].北京:科学出版社,1993.
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