和谐社会视野下农民工维权问题研究
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摘要
2003年,温家宝总理帮助四川农妇熊德明讨薪,以此为契机,国家和社会掀起了一场声势浩大的讨薪风暴。国务院和建设部、公安部等部门出台相关政策为农民工讨薪,维护农民工合法权益。社会日益重视农民工的权益,各界也为维护农民工合法权益做出努力。
2004年9月,党的十六届四中全会提出构建社会主义和谐社会,进一步推进了维护农民工合法权益的进程。农民工在社会主义现代化建设中发挥着重要而积极的作用,是构建和谐社会的重要力量。目前,农民工权益现状不容乐观,在工资、医疗、工作环境、子女受教育、选举权、人身安全等方面都遭受到一定程度的侵害,这与和谐社会的本质背道而驰。要建设一个惠及全体人民的和谐社会,就必须保护好农民工这一弱势群体的合法权益。
本文共分为七章。第一章是引言。主要阐明了选题背景、目的和意义,介绍了国内外的研究现状、本研究的研究设计和方法,说明了创新之处。
第二章阐述了核心概念和相关理论。涉及的概念主要有和谐、和谐社会、农民工、权益等；使用的理论主要有和谐社会理论、弱势群体理论和以人为本思想等。
第三章概述了和谐社会提出的背景、内涵和特征以及维护农民工权益的意义。
第四章解读与描述了农民工权益现状。主要从经济、社会和政治三个方面展开论述,经济方面包括工资收入低和工资拖欠严重；政治方面包括人身权受侵害和选举权缺失；社会方面包括就业困难、缺乏假期和休息以及接受教育的机会不均等。
第五章分析了农民工权益受损的原因。一是制度方面,户籍制度分割和农民工社会保障缺失。二是政府方面,政府责任缺失；法律不健全,缺少保护农民工的专门法律；执法不严,法律执行效力不够。三是社会缺乏责任,表现在歧视农民工和缺乏维权组织。四是企业方面,企业唯利是图,追求利益最大化,缺乏社会责任,漠视农民工合法权益。五是农民工自身原因,文化素质不高、维权意识薄弱。
第六章论述了农民工权益维护路径选择。与农民工权益受损原因相对应,从制度、政府、社会、企业和农民工自身等五个方面提出了维护农民工合法权益的路径。需要说明的是,在企业部分,笔者提出企业要采用SA8000标准来维护农民工合法权益,这是本文的创新点所在。
第七章是结论。主要阐述了研究结论和不足以及在后续研究中应该注意的问题。
In 2003, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao help Sichuan peasant Xiong Deming to demand salary,as an opportunity, the state and society launched a massive storm of demand salary. State agencies expand on several of surveys about migrant workers. The State Council and Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Public Security and other departments adopt corresponding policies for migrant workers to demand salary and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Society is also increasing emphasis on the rights and interests of migrant workers, and making whatever efforts to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers.
In September 2004, the forth Plenary Session of its Sixteenth Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party proposed to build a harmonious socialist society, which boosts to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. Migrant workers play an important and positive role in the socialist modernization and they are also an important force in building a harmonious society. At present, the status about the migrant workers' rights and interests can not be optimistic, which embodies in wages, health care, working environment, children' education, voting rights, and personal safety. They have suffered abuse. All above is contrary to the essence of harmony society. To build a harmonious society and benefit all of the people, we must protect the legitimate rights and interests of the vulnerable group of migrant workers.
This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, and mainly clarifies the background, purpose and significance of the paper. Then I introduce the status of the research at home and abroad, and the paper's research design and research methods. Finally, I illustrate the innovations of this article.
The second chapter clarifies on the definition of core concepts and related theory. The concepts involving mainly are harmonious, harmonious society, migrant workers, rights and interests. Clarifying these concepts can make better discussion. There are the harmonious social theory, the vulnerable groups theory and people-centered theory, with the support of these theories, research can be targeted and have theory depth.
The third part discusses the proposing of harmonious society and the significance of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. This part discusses background, content and features of the harmonious society and the significance of safeguarding the rights and interests of migrant workers.
The forth chapter describes the status quo of the rights and interests of migrant workers, and Focuses on the economic, political and social discusses three aspects. Economic aspects include low salaries and arrears wages seriously. Political aspects include personal rights damage and voting rights missing. Social aspects include employment difficulties, lacking of holidays and breaks, as well as unequal access to education.
The fifth chapter analyzes the causes of damaging to the rights and interests of migrant workers. First, the system has two points of causes, the household registration system fragmentation and lack of social protection of migrant workers. Second, the government lacks of responsibility and inadequate legislation, especially lacking of specific legislation to protect migrant workers. Legal operation departments can't enforce the legal strictly, and the allowance of law-breakers not being punished, and the effectiveness of law enforcement is not good enough. Third, Social lacks of responsibility, such as discrimination against migrant workers and the lack of advocacy group. Fourth, enterprises make profits, seek maximum benefits, lack of social responsibility, and ignore the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. Fifth, migrant workers have their own reasons, such as low cultural quality and weak sense of rights protection.
The sixth chapter discusses how to safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers. This chapter is the key of the full text. Corresponding to the causes of damaging to the interests of migrant workers, this chart also proposes methods and routes from the system, government, society, enterprises and migrant workers themselves five aspects to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. Be noted that, in this section, the author proposes enterprises to adopt SA8000 standard to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. It can be the innovation in the paper.
The seventh chapter presents the research conclusions, which mainly describes research findings and deficiencies. As well as in subsequent studies, people should be strengthening which contents.
2004年9月,党的十六届四中全会提出构建社会主义和谐社会,进一步推进了维护农民工合法权益的进程。农民工在社会主义现代化建设中发挥着重要而积极的作用,是构建和谐社会的重要力量。目前,农民工权益现状不容乐观,在工资、医疗、工作环境、子女受教育、选举权、人身安全等方面都遭受到一定程度的侵害,这与和谐社会的本质背道而驰。要建设一个惠及全体人民的和谐社会,就必须保护好农民工这一弱势群体的合法权益。
本文共分为七章。第一章是引言。主要阐明了选题背景、目的和意义,介绍了国内外的研究现状、本研究的研究设计和方法,说明了创新之处。
第二章阐述了核心概念和相关理论。涉及的概念主要有和谐、和谐社会、农民工、权益等；使用的理论主要有和谐社会理论、弱势群体理论和以人为本思想等。
第三章概述了和谐社会提出的背景、内涵和特征以及维护农民工权益的意义。
第四章解读与描述了农民工权益现状。主要从经济、社会和政治三个方面展开论述,经济方面包括工资收入低和工资拖欠严重；政治方面包括人身权受侵害和选举权缺失；社会方面包括就业困难、缺乏假期和休息以及接受教育的机会不均等。
第五章分析了农民工权益受损的原因。一是制度方面,户籍制度分割和农民工社会保障缺失。二是政府方面,政府责任缺失；法律不健全,缺少保护农民工的专门法律；执法不严,法律执行效力不够。三是社会缺乏责任,表现在歧视农民工和缺乏维权组织。四是企业方面,企业唯利是图,追求利益最大化,缺乏社会责任,漠视农民工合法权益。五是农民工自身原因,文化素质不高、维权意识薄弱。
第六章论述了农民工权益维护路径选择。与农民工权益受损原因相对应,从制度、政府、社会、企业和农民工自身等五个方面提出了维护农民工合法权益的路径。需要说明的是,在企业部分,笔者提出企业要采用SA8000标准来维护农民工合法权益,这是本文的创新点所在。
第七章是结论。主要阐述了研究结论和不足以及在后续研究中应该注意的问题。
In 2003, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao help Sichuan peasant Xiong Deming to demand salary,as an opportunity, the state and society launched a massive storm of demand salary. State agencies expand on several of surveys about migrant workers. The State Council and Ministry of Construction, Ministry of Public Security and other departments adopt corresponding policies for migrant workers to demand salary and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests. Society is also increasing emphasis on the rights and interests of migrant workers, and making whatever efforts to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers.
In September 2004, the forth Plenary Session of its Sixteenth Central Committee of Chinese Communist Party proposed to build a harmonious socialist society, which boosts to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. Migrant workers play an important and positive role in the socialist modernization and they are also an important force in building a harmonious society. At present, the status about the migrant workers' rights and interests can not be optimistic, which embodies in wages, health care, working environment, children' education, voting rights, and personal safety. They have suffered abuse. All above is contrary to the essence of harmony society. To build a harmonious society and benefit all of the people, we must protect the legitimate rights and interests of the vulnerable group of migrant workers.
This paper is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter is the introduction, and mainly clarifies the background, purpose and significance of the paper. Then I introduce the status of the research at home and abroad, and the paper's research design and research methods. Finally, I illustrate the innovations of this article.
The second chapter clarifies on the definition of core concepts and related theory. The concepts involving mainly are harmonious, harmonious society, migrant workers, rights and interests. Clarifying these concepts can make better discussion. There are the harmonious social theory, the vulnerable groups theory and people-centered theory, with the support of these theories, research can be targeted and have theory depth.
The third part discusses the proposing of harmonious society and the significance of safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. This part discusses background, content and features of the harmonious society and the significance of safeguarding the rights and interests of migrant workers.
The forth chapter describes the status quo of the rights and interests of migrant workers, and Focuses on the economic, political and social discusses three aspects. Economic aspects include low salaries and arrears wages seriously. Political aspects include personal rights damage and voting rights missing. Social aspects include employment difficulties, lacking of holidays and breaks, as well as unequal access to education.
The fifth chapter analyzes the causes of damaging to the rights and interests of migrant workers. First, the system has two points of causes, the household registration system fragmentation and lack of social protection of migrant workers. Second, the government lacks of responsibility and inadequate legislation, especially lacking of specific legislation to protect migrant workers. Legal operation departments can't enforce the legal strictly, and the allowance of law-breakers not being punished, and the effectiveness of law enforcement is not good enough. Third, Social lacks of responsibility, such as discrimination against migrant workers and the lack of advocacy group. Fourth, enterprises make profits, seek maximum benefits, lack of social responsibility, and ignore the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. Fifth, migrant workers have their own reasons, such as low cultural quality and weak sense of rights protection.
The sixth chapter discusses how to safeguard the rights and interests of migrant workers. This chapter is the key of the full text. Corresponding to the causes of damaging to the interests of migrant workers, this chart also proposes methods and routes from the system, government, society, enterprises and migrant workers themselves five aspects to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. Be noted that, in this section, the author proposes enterprises to adopt SA8000 standard to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of migrant workers. It can be the innovation in the paper.
The seventh chapter presents the research conclusions, which mainly describes research findings and deficiencies. As well as in subsequent studies, people should be strengthening which contents.
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