全新世辽东半岛海岸冲积低地地形发育和相对海面变化的研究
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摘要
本文针对以往辽宁海岸古环境复原的研究,存在研究范围大,钻孔密度低,缺乏对剖面做连续的微体古生物分析,在探讨海平面变化时未考虑各地潮差的影响,对钻孔高度缺少精确的测量以及在选择古海面标志上有误等不足。强调使用国外在海岸带研究中已成熟运用的硅藻分析等方法,以较小区域的海岸冲积-海积平原为对象,连续钻孔取样,高密度对沉积物做硅藻分析,详细区分海相和陆相沉积物,利用海岸平原上发育的覆盖在海相层上的泥炭和腐殖质黑色粘土作为古海面的标志层对古海面的高度和古海岸线的位置进行复原。研究结果表明,在辽东半岛东部的大孤山一带,面向海岸平原的沟谷埋藏泥炭十分发育。沟谷埋藏泥炭是全新世高海面期以后,随着海水的退却而形成的沼泽和湖沼等环境下的溺谷型泥炭;位于沟谷中沟头位置的海拔4m左右的泥炭底部的标高,大致代表了该区全新世最高海面期海水(平均高潮线)曾达到的位置和高度,其泥炭在沟头开始形成的时期大致代表该区全新世相对最高海平面期;研究区约6 000～5 000年前达到全新世相对最高海面,当时海面高度比现在约高出1.7m。相对高海面期大体持续到4 200cal BP,其后海面下降,3 200～2 700cal BP为海面下降到2.5m左右(平均高潮位)。这一时期海面相对稳定,海岸沙嘴发育。2 700cal BP以后海水开始从大洋河西部退出,大洋河进入低地,东北部的大洋河天然堤开始形成。其后2 766cal BP至1 495AD海退速度为4.8m/a;1 495AD到1 756AD海岸线向海后退速度为15.26m/a;1 756AD至1 900AD海岸线向海后退速度27.78m/a,推测造成1 495AD～1 756AD和1 756AD～1 900AD的海岸线快速向海后退的原因除与气候变冷外,这段时间人类活动加剧,导致上游森林遭到破坏,洪水携带泥沙入河,河流上游带来的输砂量增加也是造成大洋河平原快速向海方向扩张的重要原因。
通过对辽东半岛西部的长兴岛八岔沟古泻湖平原做钻孔调查取样,查明了该古泻湖平原的海相层上限的高度。结果表明:该平原各孔的海相层上限高度具有明显的一致性,大约为海拔4.0～4.2m,该高度代表了该古泻湖平原全新世相对最高海平面期间海水所达到的平均高潮线的高度。该区约略早于5 800cal BP达到全新世相对最高海平面。全新世相对最高海面期的平均海平面高度约为海拔3.4～3.6m。将此高度与辽东半岛东部大孤山一带的全新世相对高海平面期(6 000～5 500cal BP)的平均海平面的高度值约2m相对比,显示出在全新世期间辽东半岛西部八岔沟一带较东部的大洋河平原有相对上升的趋势。
研究表明表明全新世海进期当中,辽宁沿海普遍存在一次海退地质事件。从下辽河平原样品的~(14)C测年数据,推测这次海退时期大致在9 300-8 000cal BP。这次海退事件可能与冰后期新仙女木事件之后的8.2Ka前的降温事件有关。
The current research on the paleo-environment along the coast in Liaoning province has lots of defects, such as the oversize range of study, the low density of drilling, the lack of continuous analysis on the micropaleontology in the profile, unconsidering the intersite tidal range of impact on sea level change, the lack of precise measure to the hight of drilling, and the mistakes of the choice of the mark to the paleosea-level. Now we should emphasize using the diatom analysis on the coast research which is sophisticated in the foreign country, choosing the subject that is the coast alluviation or marine deposit plain which is the minor area, sampling continuously by drilling, high-density analysing the diatom in the sediment, discriminating detailedly marine or continental sediment, using the peat or the black humus clay which covers the marine sediment on the coast plain as a marker bed to reinstate ancient sea-level hight and coastline site.
The result of the study showed that the peat towards the coastal plain from the valleys in the Dagu Mountain area is fully developed. In the profile of core samplings, the altitude of the valley peats descends from top of valleys, about 4m altitude, to mouth of valleys, together with the decrease of the thickness of valley peats and finally there occurs black clay lamina. The diatom analysis from the Cores LD and DK reveals the marine facies beneath the valley peats is a transition zone, the number of marine species decreases while the freshwater species increases.
There is conformity contact between the valley peats and underlain marine facies sediments. The forming of peat indicates that the process of seawater gradually exits from ravine as well as the mouths of valleys and the process of plant's following .Then the bottom of the top layer of valley peats represents the maximum sea level in Holocene. The shell-samples for dating were collected from the lower part of the peat near the mouths of valleys at the cores LD and DK and from marine facies sediments at the coastal plain, and the ~(14)C dating for those shells indicates maximum Holocene transgression is around 6000～5000calBP, with the altitude of the sea-level at around 4 m (the average level for high-tide). The maximum altitude for sea-level at that time is believed around 1.7m higher than current sea-level. The high sea level period went on to 4200calBP, then the sea level fell to 3200～2700cal BP, about 0.5m below the current level. The sea level in this period is relatively stable, shoal head developed well. Sea water began to fall back from the west of Dayang River after 2700calBP, Dayang River entered low land, the natural levee in the northeast started to form. The regression speed is 4.8m/a from 2766cal BP to 1756AD. The retreat speed of coastline is 15.26m/a from 1495AD to 1756AD and 27.78m/a from 1756AD to 1900AD. Except the cooling of climate and the relative fall of the sea level, it is estimated that the increasing sediment discharge came from the upper stream triggered by intensified human activity which caused the destruction of the upstream forest, and therefore the silt is brought into the river by flood is also the substantial reason for the rapid expansion of Dayang River Plain towards the sea.
Through samples drilling survey of the ancient lagoon which is in the western part of the Changxing Island of Liaodong Peninsula, the sediment of the land and sea phase of the ancient lagoon plain is differentiated, the identification of the ancient marine layer has an obvious consistency, the sea level is about 4.0-4.2m, the altitude represents the average high tide line of the highest sea level of the ancient lagoon plain during Holocene. It is about 5800cal.aB.P when the highest level of Holocene realized. The average sea level of the maximum period of Holocene is about 3.4-3.6m.As this height opposed to the high sea level of about 2m degree of the eastern part of Dagushan of Liaodong Peninsula, there is an upward than in the eastern part of the ocean along the river plain, In addition, there are two peaks in the hole B3 conductivity which lies in 9m depth, it reflects there have been two transgression during Holocene. The largest range of later transgression is up to about 1.2km away from the Modern coastline.
It can be presumed that they were formed in the stage from early Holocene to middle Holocene (9300-8000cal.BP) according to the known ~(14)C age dating. This regression event may have relation with the cooling event in 8200cal BP after the Younger-Dryasevent at the postglacial period.
通过对辽东半岛西部的长兴岛八岔沟古泻湖平原做钻孔调查取样,查明了该古泻湖平原的海相层上限的高度。结果表明:该平原各孔的海相层上限高度具有明显的一致性,大约为海拔4.0～4.2m,该高度代表了该古泻湖平原全新世相对最高海平面期间海水所达到的平均高潮线的高度。该区约略早于5 800cal BP达到全新世相对最高海平面。全新世相对最高海面期的平均海平面高度约为海拔3.4～3.6m。将此高度与辽东半岛东部大孤山一带的全新世相对高海平面期(6 000～5 500cal BP)的平均海平面的高度值约2m相对比,显示出在全新世期间辽东半岛西部八岔沟一带较东部的大洋河平原有相对上升的趋势。
研究表明表明全新世海进期当中,辽宁沿海普遍存在一次海退地质事件。从下辽河平原样品的~(14)C测年数据,推测这次海退时期大致在9 300-8 000cal BP。这次海退事件可能与冰后期新仙女木事件之后的8.2Ka前的降温事件有关。
The current research on the paleo-environment along the coast in Liaoning province has lots of defects, such as the oversize range of study, the low density of drilling, the lack of continuous analysis on the micropaleontology in the profile, unconsidering the intersite tidal range of impact on sea level change, the lack of precise measure to the hight of drilling, and the mistakes of the choice of the mark to the paleosea-level. Now we should emphasize using the diatom analysis on the coast research which is sophisticated in the foreign country, choosing the subject that is the coast alluviation or marine deposit plain which is the minor area, sampling continuously by drilling, high-density analysing the diatom in the sediment, discriminating detailedly marine or continental sediment, using the peat or the black humus clay which covers the marine sediment on the coast plain as a marker bed to reinstate ancient sea-level hight and coastline site.
The result of the study showed that the peat towards the coastal plain from the valleys in the Dagu Mountain area is fully developed. In the profile of core samplings, the altitude of the valley peats descends from top of valleys, about 4m altitude, to mouth of valleys, together with the decrease of the thickness of valley peats and finally there occurs black clay lamina. The diatom analysis from the Cores LD and DK reveals the marine facies beneath the valley peats is a transition zone, the number of marine species decreases while the freshwater species increases.
There is conformity contact between the valley peats and underlain marine facies sediments. The forming of peat indicates that the process of seawater gradually exits from ravine as well as the mouths of valleys and the process of plant's following .Then the bottom of the top layer of valley peats represents the maximum sea level in Holocene. The shell-samples for dating were collected from the lower part of the peat near the mouths of valleys at the cores LD and DK and from marine facies sediments at the coastal plain, and the ~(14)C dating for those shells indicates maximum Holocene transgression is around 6000～5000calBP, with the altitude of the sea-level at around 4 m (the average level for high-tide). The maximum altitude for sea-level at that time is believed around 1.7m higher than current sea-level. The high sea level period went on to 4200calBP, then the sea level fell to 3200～2700cal BP, about 0.5m below the current level. The sea level in this period is relatively stable, shoal head developed well. Sea water began to fall back from the west of Dayang River after 2700calBP, Dayang River entered low land, the natural levee in the northeast started to form. The regression speed is 4.8m/a from 2766cal BP to 1756AD. The retreat speed of coastline is 15.26m/a from 1495AD to 1756AD and 27.78m/a from 1756AD to 1900AD. Except the cooling of climate and the relative fall of the sea level, it is estimated that the increasing sediment discharge came from the upper stream triggered by intensified human activity which caused the destruction of the upstream forest, and therefore the silt is brought into the river by flood is also the substantial reason for the rapid expansion of Dayang River Plain towards the sea.
Through samples drilling survey of the ancient lagoon which is in the western part of the Changxing Island of Liaodong Peninsula, the sediment of the land and sea phase of the ancient lagoon plain is differentiated, the identification of the ancient marine layer has an obvious consistency, the sea level is about 4.0-4.2m, the altitude represents the average high tide line of the highest sea level of the ancient lagoon plain during Holocene. It is about 5800cal.aB.P when the highest level of Holocene realized. The average sea level of the maximum period of Holocene is about 3.4-3.6m.As this height opposed to the high sea level of about 2m degree of the eastern part of Dagushan of Liaodong Peninsula, there is an upward than in the eastern part of the ocean along the river plain, In addition, there are two peaks in the hole B3 conductivity which lies in 9m depth, it reflects there have been two transgression during Holocene. The largest range of later transgression is up to about 1.2km away from the Modern coastline.
It can be presumed that they were formed in the stage from early Holocene to middle Holocene (9300-8000cal.BP) according to the known ~(14)C age dating. This regression event may have relation with the cooling event in 8200cal BP after the Younger-Dryasevent at the postglacial period.
引文
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