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黄淮地区大豆花叶病毒的生物学检测、株系鉴定及大豆抗性的遗传与基因定位
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摘要
大豆花叶病毒病(Soybearl Mosaic Virus,SMV)是一种全球性大豆病害,严重影响大豆的产量和品质。黄淮地区是我国夏大豆主产区,株系鉴定和品种对株系的抗性问题亟待解决。本研究在前人工作的基础上,广泛采集黄淮地区病样,改进SMV的鉴定方法,对SMV进行株系划分,并针对流行的强毒株系SC-7进行了抗病性的遗传分析与抗性基因的定位。结果如下:
     1) 采集了黄淮地区四省28个县市的大豆病样591份,经初步繁殖鉴定和生物纯化得到了52个有阳性反应的标样.改进了SMV的组织印迹和RT-PCR检测方法,52个标样经组织检测有50个呈血清学阳性,建立了SMV的组织印迹检测体系;以RT-PCR检测了9个SMV毒株,均能和阳性对照一样扩增出预期大小的片段,而阴性对照无任何片段,初步建立了一套SMV的RT-PCR检测体系。
     2) 采用王修强、杨雅麟等筛选的10个株系鉴别寄主,对50个SMV毒株接种鉴定,鉴定到了SC-3~SC-9等7个株系群。综合黄淮地区1998-2002的结果:认为在黄淮地区以SC-3和SC-7为主。在区域分布上:安徽省以SC-7和SC-9为主;河南省株系组成上较为平均,以SC-3和SC-4、SC-5和SC-7居多;江苏省以SC-3和SC-7为主,SC-8也有很大比重;山东省有SC-1、SC-3、SC-4和SC-8四个株系群,以SC-3为主.另外还鉴定了一个新的株系群SC-10,包括AH2002、AH2034和JS2134三个毒株,不能侵染广吉,与SC-9株系群仅在广吉上有差异。
     3) 对杂交组合科丰1号×南农1138-2的P_1、P_2、F_1和重组自交家系的180个家系接种SC-7鉴定,表明抗性由一对基因控制,抗性基因为显性,并将抗SMV株系群SC-7的基因Rsc-7定位于N8-D1b+W连锁群上,与已经定位的五个抗性基因中的三个连锁,还有一个与之相连锁的标记LC5T。排列顺序和遗传距离为Rsa30.6cM Rsc-7 22.1cM Rn3 10.3cM Rnl 15.8cM LC5T。
Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), a global soybean disease, causes serious yield losses and quality decrease in soybeans. Two problems, strains identification and soybean resistance to SMV strains, need to be solved in Huang-Huai regions where summer soybean was mainly planted. In our study, specimens of soybean virus, collected from Huang-Huai regions, were examined and the method of examining SMV was improved on, and strains SMV identification was also completed. Inheritance and genetic mapping of resistance to SC-7, a strain with high virulence in Huang-Huai region, were also investigated. The main results are given as follows:
    1) 591 specimens of soybean leaves were collected and purified, among which fifty-two positive isolates were acquired. The application of direct tissue blotting immunoassay (DTBIA) and RT-PCR were explored to find a rapid system for detecting SMV. Fifty SMV specimens and nine positive RT-PCR products were acquired.
    2) Based on the response to ten identification hosts screened by Wang Xiuqiang and Yangyalin, fifty isolates were identified into seven strain groups as SC-3 ~ SC-9. According to the results from 1998 to 2002, the main strain groups in this area were SC-3 and SC-7. The analysis of distribution of strain groups suggested that SC-7 and SC-9 were the main strains groups in Anhui province. Strain groups in Henan province were mainly composed of SC-3, SC-4, SC-5 and SC-7. SC-3 and SC-7 were the main strains groups in Jiangsu province. Only four strains, SC-1, SC-3, SC-4 and SC-8 were found in Shandong province, and SC-3 was the main strain group. Furthermore, a new strain group SC-10, including AH2002, AH2034 and JS2134, was also identified. The difference between SC-9 and SC-10 is that SC-9 can infect Kwanggyo, but SC-10 cannot.
    3) Segregation ratios of resistant plants to susceptible plants in PI, P2, FI, and RIL populations of the cross between Kefeng No. 1 and Nannong 1138-2 were investigated after inoculated with SC-7 of SMV. The results indicated that the resistance to SC-7 in Kefeng No. 1 was controlled by a single dominant gene assigned the gene symbol as Rsc-7, With linkage analysis, the gene Rsc-7 was located on the linkage group N8-Dlb+W and linked with three of five resistance gene and a maker, The order and genetic distance were Rsa 30.6cM Rsc-7 22.1cM Rn3 10.3cM Rnl 15.8cMLC5T.
引文
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