220t/h煤粉炉低NOx再燃技术冷态试验研究
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摘要
针对四川省江油电厂6#煤粉锅炉的实际情况,以及国家电力公司低NOx再燃技术试验项目工业试验的具体要求，在一个四角喷燃煤粉锅炉冷模试验台上，对原型锅炉内再燃气流和燃尽气流(OFA)与主燃烧气流之间的混合特性进行了冷模试验研究。
冷模试验范围包括：1、再燃风和燃尽风的不同布置方式（切向布置和对墙布置）、布置高度；2、不同燃尽风动量（炉内总进风量不变和燃烧器主气流不变两种情况）；3、再燃风、燃尽风的不同组合与主气流之间的混合。为了较为准确地测量气流的混合特性，冷模试验采用了不等温射流方法。即主气流和燃尽风采用室温气流，再燃天然气采用高温空气模拟，在炉内布置多层测温网络，通过测量炉内温度场的方法获得炉内再燃风、燃尽风及主气流的混合浓度场，从而定量反映出炉内再燃区及燃尽区的混合情况。利用工业数据采集模块组建计算机数据采集和处理系统来完成炉膛横截面测温网络各点的温度测量，并使用数据图形处理软件实现温升分布的可视化。论文通过对温升分布图形的研究，分析了各种试验工况下的炉内气流的混合特性，并为工业试验系统设计提供了参考依据。
分析研究发现：
① 采用四角进再燃风方式，将有利于降低NOx的排放。本次实验在再燃风进风方式的结论与我们研究室前期的研究工作的结论是一致的。
② 前后墙进燃尽风(OFA)方式能起到很好的“消旋”作用，使炉内热量分布偏差小，将减小炉内的换热偏差。而四角进燃尽风方式，对充分混合不利，不利于减小热偏差。
③ 考虑燃尽风进风高度的影响，采用“四角进再燃风、前后墙中层进燃尽风”方式，对再燃和燃尽都是有利的。
④ 采用“四角进再燃风、前后墙下层进燃尽风”方式，要根据原形锅炉的实际情况，参考选择。
⑤ 采用“四角进再燃风、前后墙上层进燃尽风”方式，要全面考虑锅炉情况，综合选取。
The cold model tests were completed on the mixing characteristics
between the reburning airflow and main airflow or between OFA and main
airflow in a cold model test-bed according to the practice situation of 6#
boiler in Jianyou power plant in Sichuan Provice and the requirements of
industrial tests for low NOx reburning test project from State Electric Power
Company.
The cold simulated experimental study included:
1. Different disposal style for the reburning air & burning out air
(tangential or front and rear walls) and their disposal heights.
2. Different momentums of OFA ( under the condition of constant airflow
of primary area and condition of constant flux inputted simulated boiler).
3. The mixture of main airflow and different combination between
reburning airflow and OFA.
In order to measure the mixing characteristic, different temperature
spout test method was used. The room air was used as main airflow and OFA.
In the same time, heated air was served as reburning natural gas. A few layers
of temperature measuring nets was fixed in the furnace in the test-bed. The
distribution of the concentration of diffenent temperature air was gotten
through measuring the distribution of the temperature in the furnace. Finally,
the mixture situation in reburning area and burnout area were gotten totally.
Some industrial data acquisition models were used to build a computer data
acquisition and treatment system to complete the temperature measuring in
temperature measuring net in the cross level in the furnace. A graphical
treatment software was used to treat temperature data and realize the visible
results. Through analysing the distrabution of the temperature-rising, it was
found that some mixing characteristic could to used to offer consults to
commercial-scale test.
From the experiments and analysis, below results were gotten:
(1) It was benefited to reduce the emisses of NOx that the tangential
reburning system was used, which was as the same as the test results before in
our Lab.
(2) 0FA jetting into model furnace from front and rear walls could reduce
the power of whirl in above part of the furnace. And this distribution could
also decrease the difference of the heat distribution and heat transfer in the
furnace. On the other hand, it was not very good for the mixture of the gases
and decrease of the heat transfer in the furnace if OFA was jetting into the
furnace tangentially.
(3)Considered the effects of the arrangement heights of the jets, it was
benefit to rebunning and borning out that reburning airflow was spouted
tangentially and OFA was spouted at middle height level from the front and
rear walls.
(4)It needed to consider the practice boiler's detail to have reburning
airflow spouted tangentially and 0FA spouted into furnace at lower or upper
levels from the front and rear walls.
冷模试验范围包括：1、再燃风和燃尽风的不同布置方式（切向布置和对墙布置）、布置高度；2、不同燃尽风动量（炉内总进风量不变和燃烧器主气流不变两种情况）；3、再燃风、燃尽风的不同组合与主气流之间的混合。为了较为准确地测量气流的混合特性，冷模试验采用了不等温射流方法。即主气流和燃尽风采用室温气流，再燃天然气采用高温空气模拟，在炉内布置多层测温网络，通过测量炉内温度场的方法获得炉内再燃风、燃尽风及主气流的混合浓度场，从而定量反映出炉内再燃区及燃尽区的混合情况。利用工业数据采集模块组建计算机数据采集和处理系统来完成炉膛横截面测温网络各点的温度测量，并使用数据图形处理软件实现温升分布的可视化。论文通过对温升分布图形的研究，分析了各种试验工况下的炉内气流的混合特性，并为工业试验系统设计提供了参考依据。
分析研究发现：
① 采用四角进再燃风方式，将有利于降低NOx的排放。本次实验在再燃风进风方式的结论与我们研究室前期的研究工作的结论是一致的。
② 前后墙进燃尽风(OFA)方式能起到很好的“消旋”作用，使炉内热量分布偏差小，将减小炉内的换热偏差。而四角进燃尽风方式，对充分混合不利，不利于减小热偏差。
③ 考虑燃尽风进风高度的影响，采用“四角进再燃风、前后墙中层进燃尽风”方式，对再燃和燃尽都是有利的。
④ 采用“四角进再燃风、前后墙下层进燃尽风”方式，要根据原形锅炉的实际情况，参考选择。
⑤ 采用“四角进再燃风、前后墙上层进燃尽风”方式，要全面考虑锅炉情况，综合选取。
The cold model tests were completed on the mixing characteristics
between the reburning airflow and main airflow or between OFA and main
airflow in a cold model test-bed according to the practice situation of 6#
boiler in Jianyou power plant in Sichuan Provice and the requirements of
industrial tests for low NOx reburning test project from State Electric Power
Company.
The cold simulated experimental study included:
1. Different disposal style for the reburning air & burning out air
(tangential or front and rear walls) and their disposal heights.
2. Different momentums of OFA ( under the condition of constant airflow
of primary area and condition of constant flux inputted simulated boiler).
3. The mixture of main airflow and different combination between
reburning airflow and OFA.
In order to measure the mixing characteristic, different temperature
spout test method was used. The room air was used as main airflow and OFA.
In the same time, heated air was served as reburning natural gas. A few layers
of temperature measuring nets was fixed in the furnace in the test-bed. The
distribution of the concentration of diffenent temperature air was gotten
through measuring the distribution of the temperature in the furnace. Finally,
the mixture situation in reburning area and burnout area were gotten totally.
Some industrial data acquisition models were used to build a computer data
acquisition and treatment system to complete the temperature measuring in
temperature measuring net in the cross level in the furnace. A graphical
treatment software was used to treat temperature data and realize the visible
results. Through analysing the distrabution of the temperature-rising, it was
found that some mixing characteristic could to used to offer consults to
commercial-scale test.
From the experiments and analysis, below results were gotten:
(1) It was benefited to reduce the emisses of NOx that the tangential
reburning system was used, which was as the same as the test results before in
our Lab.
(2) 0FA jetting into model furnace from front and rear walls could reduce
the power of whirl in above part of the furnace. And this distribution could
also decrease the difference of the heat distribution and heat transfer in the
furnace. On the other hand, it was not very good for the mixture of the gases
and decrease of the heat transfer in the furnace if OFA was jetting into the
furnace tangentially.
(3)Considered the effects of the arrangement heights of the jets, it was
benefit to rebunning and borning out that reburning airflow was spouted
tangentially and OFA was spouted at middle height level from the front and
rear walls.
(4)It needed to consider the practice boiler's detail to have reburning
airflow spouted tangentially and 0FA spouted into furnace at lower or upper
levels from the front and rear walls.
引文
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[3] 毛健雄，毛健全等.煤的洁净燃烧.北京，科学出版社.1998.8~9.209~222
[4] 郭东明.硫氮污染防治工程技术及其应用.北京.化学工业出版社.2001.2.210~215
[5] 刘艳华等.再燃技术研究现状及其在流化床中的应用前景.热力发电.2001（2）
[6] 新井纪男.燃烧生成物的发生与抑制技术.北京.科学出版社.2001.89~94
[7] 曾汉才等.大型贫煤锅炉N0X排放特性试验研究.热力发电.1999（2）
[8] 国家电力公司热工研究院报告.我国低NOx燃烧技术的回顾与展望.2000.3.2~14
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[13] K. McCarthy et al.Advanced Furnace Air Staging and Burner Modifications for ltra-Low NOx Firing Systems. Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation .Clinton.NJ 08809-4000.USA
[14] Enhancing The Use Of Coals By Gas Reburning-Sorbent Injection. Volume 2- Gas Rebuming-Sorbent Injection at Hennepin Unit 1 Illinois Power Company .U.S. Department of Energy.March 1996
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[18] 英国贸工部报告.LOW- NOx COMBUSITION SYSTEMS.2000.2.3~4
[19] K. McCarthy,etc.Long Term Results from the First US Low NOx Conversion of a Tangential Lignite Fired Unit. Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation. Clinton.NJ
08809-4000. USA
[20] Tom Steitz et al,Wall fired low NOx Burner Evolution For Global NOx Compliance, The 23rd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems March 9-13, 1998 Clearwater, Florida USA
[21] K. McCarthy et al.Improved Low NOx Firing Systems for Pulverized Coal Combustion .Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Clinton. NJ 08809-4000, USA
[22] 大气污染控制手册编写组.电力工业大气污染控制手册.b北京.中国环境科学出版社.1999.12.161~163
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[24] Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions: Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). Clean Coal Technology . Department of Energy and Southern Company Services . Topical Report Number 9.july 1997
[25] 张晓鲁.中国火力发电洁净煤技术的发展.中国洁净能源技术研讨会论文集.2002.
[26] 毕玉森.我国电站锅炉低NOx燃烧器的应用状况及运行实绩.热力发电.1998年第1期.4~11
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[28] 闫志勇，张惠鹃等.锅炉分级燃烧降低NOx排放的技术改造及分析.动力工程.2000年8月.第20卷第4期.754~759
[29] 张良.300MW直流锅炉采用燃烧技术降低NOx排放量试验研究.中国电力.1998年第4期
[30] 钟北京，傅维标.气体燃料再燃对NOx还原的影响.热能动力工程.1999年11月第6期.419~422
[31] 沈毅敏等.天然气再燃还原炉内N0x的扩散机制分析.上海交通大学学报.2000年 34（9）
[32] 原国家电力公司低NOx燃烧技术研讨会资料.燃贫煤、无烟煤的低NOx燃烧技术.河南省电力公司等. 2000年5月
[33] 危师让.研究开发和采用发电高新技术促进西部大开发和电力可持续发展. 中国洁净能源技术研讨会论文集.1999.
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[37] Software Systems in Clean Coal Demonstration Projects. Clean Coal Technology. The U.S. Department of Energy .Topical Report Number 17. December 2001
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[B1] 范从宽.锅炉原理.水利电力出版社.1985.20~21
[B2] 王致均.锅炉燃烧过程.重庆大学出版社.1987.53~58
[2] 李业发，杨廷柱.能源工程导论.合肥.中国科技大学出版社.1999.472~478
[3] 毛健雄，毛健全等.煤的洁净燃烧.北京，科学出版社.1998.8~9.209~222
[4] 郭东明.硫氮污染防治工程技术及其应用.北京.化学工业出版社.2001.2.210~215
[5] 刘艳华等.再燃技术研究现状及其在流化床中的应用前景.热力发电.2001（2）
[6] 新井纪男.燃烧生成物的发生与抑制技术.北京.科学出版社.2001.89~94
[7] 曾汉才等.大型贫煤锅炉N0X排放特性试验研究.热力发电.1999（2）
[8] 国家电力公司热工研究院报告.我国低NOx燃烧技术的回顾与展望.2000.3.2~14
[9] 大气污染控制手册编写组.电力工业大气污染控制手册.b北京.中国环境科学出版社.1999.12.22~23
[10] 毛健雄，毛健全等.煤的洁净燃烧.北京.科学出版社.1998.244~287
[11] 毕玉森.低氮氧化物燃烧技术的发展状况.热力发电.2000.2.2~4
[12] 曹焰等.电站燃煤锅炉控制NOx排放的技术策略.热力发电.1999年第6期.2~4
[13] K. McCarthy et al.Advanced Furnace Air Staging and Burner Modifications for ltra-Low NOx Firing Systems. Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation .Clinton.NJ 08809-4000.USA
[14] Enhancing The Use Of Coals By Gas Reburning-Sorbent Injection. Volume 2- Gas Rebuming-Sorbent Injection at Hennepin Unit 1 Illinois Power Company .U.S. Department of Energy.March 1996
[15] Hermine Sound，Kazunor Fukasawa .Developments in NOx abatement and control.IEA Report. NO IEACR/89.IEA COAL Research.London.Uk.1996.10.
[16] Reducing Emissions of Nitrogen Oxides via Low-NOX BurnerTechnologies. Clean Coal Technology. The U.S. Department of Energy .Topical Report Number 5. September 1996
[17] Makino Keiji,etc. Technologies For NOx Reduction in PC Fired Utility Boilers-a Manufacturers Perspective. IFRF Combustion Journal. August 2000. Article No 200007.3~8
[18] 英国贸工部报告.LOW- NOx COMBUSITION SYSTEMS.2000.2.3~4
[19] K. McCarthy,etc.Long Term Results from the First US Low NOx Conversion of a Tangential Lignite Fired Unit. Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation. Clinton.NJ
08809-4000. USA
[20] Tom Steitz et al,Wall fired low NOx Burner Evolution For Global NOx Compliance, The 23rd International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization & Fuel Systems March 9-13, 1998 Clearwater, Florida USA
[21] K. McCarthy et al.Improved Low NOx Firing Systems for Pulverized Coal Combustion .Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation Clinton. NJ 08809-4000, USA
[22] 大气污染控制手册编写组.电力工业大气污染控制手册.b北京.中国环境科学出版社.1999.12.161~163
[23] 毛健雄，毛健全等.煤的洁净燃烧.北京，科学出版社.1998.290~296
[24] Control of Nitrogen Oxide Emissions: Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). Clean Coal Technology . Department of Energy and Southern Company Services . Topical Report Number 9.july 1997
[25] 张晓鲁.中国火力发电洁净煤技术的发展.中国洁净能源技术研讨会论文集.2002.
[26] 毕玉森.我国电站锅炉低NOx燃烧器的应用状况及运行实绩.热力发电.1998年第1期.4~11
[27] 文军，许传凯.分级燃烧对NOx生成及燃烧经济性的影响.中国电力.1997年第4期
[28] 闫志勇，张惠鹃等.锅炉分级燃烧降低NOx排放的技术改造及分析.动力工程.2000年8月.第20卷第4期.754~759
[29] 张良.300MW直流锅炉采用燃烧技术降低NOx排放量试验研究.中国电力.1998年第4期
[30] 钟北京，傅维标.气体燃料再燃对NOx还原的影响.热能动力工程.1999年11月第6期.419~422
[31] 沈毅敏等.天然气再燃还原炉内N0x的扩散机制分析.上海交通大学学报.2000年 34（9）
[32] 原国家电力公司低NOx燃烧技术研讨会资料.燃贫煤、无烟煤的低NOx燃烧技术.河南省电力公司等. 2000年5月
[33] 危师让.研究开发和采用发电高新技术促进西部大开发和电力可持续发展. 中国洁净能源技术研讨会论文集.1999.
[34] 刘振琪.三级燃烧降低NOx生成量试验.热力发电.1999.2.27~30
[35] Reduction of NOx and SO2 Using Gas Reburning,Sorbent Injection and Integrated Technologies. Clean Coal Technology. Energy and Environmental Research Corporation . The U.S. Department of Energy .Topical Report Number 3 .Sep 1993
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