无底柱分段崩落法中铲运机斗容与相关因素之间的关系的研究
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摘要
在无底柱分段崩落采矿法中，铲运机由于其具有出矿效率高、机动灵活、多用性等优点而被广泛采用。各个矿山在铲运机选型上都会考虑到其采矿结构参数、一次崩矿量、产量和经济效益等因素，但长期以来，对铲运机斗容的选择都没有量化的计算方法，通常都是采用类比法或套用国内外矿山的实例，效果并不理想。因此，探求铲运机选型和相关因素之间的关系是一项非常有意义的工作，它可以为决策者在铲运机选型上提供科学的依据，为矿山选择合适斗容的铲运机。
本文认为，利用模糊数学理论，根据各决策目标对希望解的含权平均偏差，进行方案优劣排序，可以达到多目标决策的目的。文章针对我国主要采用无底柱分段崩落法的矿山的实际情况，进行铲运机斗容分别为2m~3、3m~3、4m~3、5m~3、6m~35个方案的模拟开采，通过模拟开采，每个方案取得四项指标(目标)，分别为工程投资、设备投资、出矿台班效率、作业费用，再用多目标模糊决策的方法逐步建立多目标决策模型(矩阵)、初始模糊决策矩阵、权重模糊集矩阵、模糊决策矩阵，根据最优的原则，确定希望解，再根据希望解进行决策。
利用该方法，对采用无底柱分段崩落法的矿山回采设备选型进行研究，得出如下结论：当运距为50～70m，进路间距为10m时，应该选择斗容为3m~3的铲运机；进路间距为15m时，应该选择斗容为4m~3的铲运机；进路间距为20m时，应该选择斗容为5m~3的铲运机。当运距为100m，进路间距为10m时，应该选择斗容为3m~3的铲运机；进路间距为15～20m时，应该选择斗容为5m~3的铲运机。
在以上研究的基础上，本文指出当运距为100m，分段高度为20m，进路间距为20m，6m~3铲运机的出矿效率将得到充分的提高，其它参数不变时，用同样的优化方法，可得出在该参数下选择铲运机斗容的优劣排序为6m~3、5m~3、4m~3、3m~3、2m~3，这正代表了当前采矿结构参数大型化，出矿设备大型化的发展趋势。
Scraper is widely used in pillarless sublevel caving due to its high ore drawing efficiency, mobility, flexibility and general purpose application. In scraper sizing, the mining structural parameter, one ore-caving amount, production capacity and economic benefit are considered by the mines. However, since long ago there hasn't been a quantizing calculation method for the selection of the shovel size of scraper and the analogy method has been used and the real cases of both internal and external mines have been taken as example, resulting in unsatisfactory results. Therefore, it would be of great significance to explore the relationship between scraper sizing and the related factors. It can provide scientific basis for the decision-maker in scraper sizing for mines.
It is considered that the aim of multiobjective decision-making can be attained by setting schemes in a sequence of superiority which is made according to weighted average deflection of desired solution of various decision-making objectives and by fuzzy mathematical theory. In view of the real fact that sublevel caving is mainly used in China's mines,, simulation mining is made on five shemes with the shovel size of scraper being 2m3, 3m3,4m3,5m3 and 6m3 respectively, Four indexes (objectives) are obtained througth the simulation for each scheme, namely, engineering investment, equipment investment, unit-shift efficiency of ore drawing and operation cost. Then, multiobjective fuzzy decision-making is used to establish in a stepwise way the multiobjective decision-making model
(matrix), initial decision-making matrix, weighted fuzzy set matrix and fuzzy decision-making matrix. In the optimal principle, the desired solution is sought, based on which decision is made. Study is made on extracting equipment sizing for mines using subleyel mining by this method. It is concluded that with a hauling distance of 50-70m and a space between drifts of 10m, a 3m3 shovel size should be selected for the scraper; for a drift space of 15m, 4m3 shovel size; and with 20m drift space, 5m3 shovel size. With a hauling distance of 100m and a drift space of 10m, 3m2 shovel scraper should be selected; and with a drift space of 15-20m, 5m3 scraper.
Based on the above, it is pointed out that with a hauling distance of 100m, sublevel height of 20m and a drift space of 20m, the ore drawing efficiency will be greatly raised if 6m3 -scraper is used. With other
parameters unchanged, the similar optimization obtained a sequence of superiority of scraper shovel size as: 6m3, 5m3, 4m3, 3m3 and 2m3, which just represents the present development trend of large scaling of both mining structural parameters and ore-drawing equipment.
本文认为，利用模糊数学理论，根据各决策目标对希望解的含权平均偏差，进行方案优劣排序，可以达到多目标决策的目的。文章针对我国主要采用无底柱分段崩落法的矿山的实际情况，进行铲运机斗容分别为2m~3、3m~3、4m~3、5m~3、6m~35个方案的模拟开采，通过模拟开采，每个方案取得四项指标(目标)，分别为工程投资、设备投资、出矿台班效率、作业费用，再用多目标模糊决策的方法逐步建立多目标决策模型(矩阵)、初始模糊决策矩阵、权重模糊集矩阵、模糊决策矩阵，根据最优的原则，确定希望解，再根据希望解进行决策。
利用该方法，对采用无底柱分段崩落法的矿山回采设备选型进行研究，得出如下结论：当运距为50～70m，进路间距为10m时，应该选择斗容为3m~3的铲运机；进路间距为15m时，应该选择斗容为4m~3的铲运机；进路间距为20m时，应该选择斗容为5m~3的铲运机。当运距为100m，进路间距为10m时，应该选择斗容为3m~3的铲运机；进路间距为15～20m时，应该选择斗容为5m~3的铲运机。
在以上研究的基础上，本文指出当运距为100m，分段高度为20m，进路间距为20m，6m~3铲运机的出矿效率将得到充分的提高，其它参数不变时，用同样的优化方法，可得出在该参数下选择铲运机斗容的优劣排序为6m~3、5m~3、4m~3、3m~3、2m~3，这正代表了当前采矿结构参数大型化，出矿设备大型化的发展趋势。
Scraper is widely used in pillarless sublevel caving due to its high ore drawing efficiency, mobility, flexibility and general purpose application. In scraper sizing, the mining structural parameter, one ore-caving amount, production capacity and economic benefit are considered by the mines. However, since long ago there hasn't been a quantizing calculation method for the selection of the shovel size of scraper and the analogy method has been used and the real cases of both internal and external mines have been taken as example, resulting in unsatisfactory results. Therefore, it would be of great significance to explore the relationship between scraper sizing and the related factors. It can provide scientific basis for the decision-maker in scraper sizing for mines.
It is considered that the aim of multiobjective decision-making can be attained by setting schemes in a sequence of superiority which is made according to weighted average deflection of desired solution of various decision-making objectives and by fuzzy mathematical theory. In view of the real fact that sublevel caving is mainly used in China's mines,, simulation mining is made on five shemes with the shovel size of scraper being 2m3, 3m3,4m3,5m3 and 6m3 respectively, Four indexes (objectives) are obtained througth the simulation for each scheme, namely, engineering investment, equipment investment, unit-shift efficiency of ore drawing and operation cost. Then, multiobjective fuzzy decision-making is used to establish in a stepwise way the multiobjective decision-making model
(matrix), initial decision-making matrix, weighted fuzzy set matrix and fuzzy decision-making matrix. In the optimal principle, the desired solution is sought, based on which decision is made. Study is made on extracting equipment sizing for mines using subleyel mining by this method. It is concluded that with a hauling distance of 50-70m and a space between drifts of 10m, a 3m3 shovel size should be selected for the scraper; for a drift space of 15m, 4m3 shovel size; and with 20m drift space, 5m3 shovel size. With a hauling distance of 100m and a drift space of 10m, 3m2 shovel scraper should be selected; and with a drift space of 15-20m, 5m3 scraper.
Based on the above, it is pointed out that with a hauling distance of 100m, sublevel height of 20m and a drift space of 20m, the ore drawing efficiency will be greatly raised if 6m3 -scraper is used. With other
parameters unchanged, the similar optimization obtained a sequence of superiority of scraper shovel size as: 6m3, 5m3, 4m3, 3m3 and 2m3, which just represents the present development trend of large scaling of both mining structural parameters and ore-drawing equipment.
引文
1 采矿设计手册，矿床开采卷，下。
2 李登峰，模糊多目标多人决策与对策，国防工业出版社，2003．4。
3 黄琼、徐华建，地下矿用铲运机，矿业工程，第1卷第3期，2003年6月。
4 赵国彦，铲运机的合理选型探讨，矿业研究与开发，第19卷第4期，1999年8月。
5 董振民，无底柱分段崩落法中铲运机最优运距的探讨，梅山科技，1994年第2期．
6 汪培庄、韩立岩，应用模糊数学，北京经济学院出版社，1989年8月。
7 程金桥，铲运机在地下矿开采中的应用，新疆有色金属，1995年第2期。
8 李永余，TORO-400E电动铲运机在梅山铁矿的试用，金属矿山，1996年第5期，总第239期。
9 Hans Hanrim，基鲁纳的超级采场，有色矿山，1991年第1期。
10 高梦雄，略谈井下铲运机的合理选择，有色设备，1995年第4期。
11 王辉光、丁延棱，提高铲运机出矿效率的综合措施，金属矿山，1991年第11期。
12 石功、王彦荣，提高EST-5C铲运机出矿效率的途径，甘肃冶金，1999年第1期。
13 赵昱东，铲运机在我国地下金属矿山应用与发展，有色矿山，1991年第5期。
14 龚敏会，浅谈梅山铁矿作业条件对铲运机生产能力和出矿成本的影响，矿业快报，2002年12月。
15 何止忠，我国无轨采矿设备的发展综述，矿山机械，1996年第10期。
16 王新、窦廷章，井下铲运机行驶路面质量对生产效率的影响，冶金矿山设计与建设，1996年第1期。
17 范雪强，基鲁纳铁矿现代化采矿设备的研制与应用，WME12-0181。
18 俞胜健、徐志强，梅山铁矿加大出矿设备的研究，金属矿山，2003年第8期，总第326期。
19 蔡鸿起、张桂秋，确定合理台阶高度的研究，国家“八五”重点科技攻关项目鉴定资料，合同编号：85-521-02-01。
20 张栋林，地下铲运机，冶金工业出版社，2002年10月。
21 Campos L, Gonzalez A, Vila M A, On the use of the ranking function approach tosolve fuzzy matrix games. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1992,49:193——203
22 Yu P L. Multiple Criteria Decision Making:Concepts, Techniques and Extensions. NewYork:Plenum Press, 1985
2 李登峰，模糊多目标多人决策与对策，国防工业出版社，2003．4。
3 黄琼、徐华建，地下矿用铲运机，矿业工程，第1卷第3期，2003年6月。
4 赵国彦，铲运机的合理选型探讨，矿业研究与开发，第19卷第4期，1999年8月。
5 董振民，无底柱分段崩落法中铲运机最优运距的探讨，梅山科技，1994年第2期．
6 汪培庄、韩立岩，应用模糊数学，北京经济学院出版社，1989年8月。
7 程金桥，铲运机在地下矿开采中的应用，新疆有色金属，1995年第2期。
8 李永余，TORO-400E电动铲运机在梅山铁矿的试用，金属矿山，1996年第5期，总第239期。
9 Hans Hanrim，基鲁纳的超级采场，有色矿山，1991年第1期。
10 高梦雄，略谈井下铲运机的合理选择，有色设备，1995年第4期。
11 王辉光、丁延棱，提高铲运机出矿效率的综合措施，金属矿山，1991年第11期。
12 石功、王彦荣，提高EST-5C铲运机出矿效率的途径，甘肃冶金，1999年第1期。
13 赵昱东，铲运机在我国地下金属矿山应用与发展，有色矿山，1991年第5期。
14 龚敏会，浅谈梅山铁矿作业条件对铲运机生产能力和出矿成本的影响，矿业快报，2002年12月。
15 何止忠，我国无轨采矿设备的发展综述，矿山机械，1996年第10期。
16 王新、窦廷章，井下铲运机行驶路面质量对生产效率的影响，冶金矿山设计与建设，1996年第1期。
17 范雪强，基鲁纳铁矿现代化采矿设备的研制与应用，WME12-0181。
18 俞胜健、徐志强，梅山铁矿加大出矿设备的研究，金属矿山，2003年第8期，总第326期。
19 蔡鸿起、张桂秋，确定合理台阶高度的研究，国家“八五”重点科技攻关项目鉴定资料，合同编号：85-521-02-01。
20 张栋林，地下铲运机，冶金工业出版社，2002年10月。
21 Campos L, Gonzalez A, Vila M A, On the use of the ranking function approach tosolve fuzzy matrix games. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 1992,49:193——203
22 Yu P L. Multiple Criteria Decision Making:Concepts, Techniques and Extensions. NewYork:Plenum Press, 1985
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