基于CORBA的分布式远程医疗系统实现研究
|
摘要
本文对构建于CORBA之上的远程医疗原型系统给出了具体的实现方案。在分析了基于CORBA的分布式远程医疗系统需求的基础上，利用面向对象的方法，结合分布式对象计算的特点，设计了符合分布式远程医疗系统的特点的系统层次架构，讨论了应用分布式计算技术构建远程医疗原型系统的过程中的一些关键技术，并予以实现。
由于分布式系统开发本身的复杂性，并且相对于传统方法，在大型软件开发过程中应用分布式对象技术还缺乏必要的方法论、软件工程的指导原则以及相应的工具支持，这在一定程度上限制了分布对象技术的应用。分布式对象计算技术在医疗领域，尤其是远程医疗领域的应用并不多见。远程医疗本身的分布式特征为也为分布式对象计算技术进入远程医疗领域提供了广阔的舞台。在远程医疗领域应用先进的分布式对象计算技术对于构建具有灵活性，鲁棒性，柔韧性的应用系统有着十分重要的意义。
在我们构造的原型系统中，采用了CORBA作为系统的分布式计算平台。CORBA以其规范的严格性、供应商的无关性和对异构环境的良好支持为系统提供了强大的分布式对象计算环境。系统的服务器端和客户端均由JAVA写成，这保证了系统具有良好的平台无关性。日益完善的JAVA平台使得系统可以在一个资源丰富的环境中不断完善自身的功能。
远程医疗作为一个极具挑战性的课题，所涉及的应用十分繁多，我们选择的道路是在为远程医疗活动构建坚实的信息基础之上提供支持远程协作诊疗的环境，使远程医疗中的息的流动得到充分的保证。将远程信息管理与协同工作环境创造性结合起来，这为远程医疗系统的构建提供了一个全新的解决方案。
获取病人的信息和病历信息是支撑远程医疗得以顺利进行的必要条件。对于远程医疗系统信息架构的构建，我们的主要目标集中在病人信息和病人的病历信息的管理上。
遵循医疗领域的现有标准是系统获取领域准入证的重要条件。在系统构造过程中，我们选用最具工业强度的OMG的CORBAMed制定的相关标准作为系统构建的指南。在病人信息管理系统中，我们采用了OMG的PIDS作为系统构建的依据。遵循PIDS规范的病人身份管理系统在国际上尚不多见，在国内还未见报道。我们所作的工作为CORBAMed系列规范在国内的推广应用进行了初步的探索。
病人信息的电子化是医疗领域的热点问题。由于电子病历本身包含信息的复杂性、多样性，而且缺乏相关的领域标准和法规支持，电子病历的构建一直是困扰系统开发的一个问题。凭借西北大学可视化研究所在医学领域的多年积累，我们提出了一个实现多媒体电子病历的具体方案，设计的电子病历可以包含文字，图像，音频，视频等多种媒体信息，为便于操纵 ，我们的系统为使用者提供了完整、一致的操作环境, 为电子病历的构建提供了一种新的途径。
我们为远程医疗系统所必备的协作诊疗提供了必要的技术支持。系统在CORBA事件服务的基础上提供了一个CSCW环境，通过提供支持协作应用的框架，通过框架系统可以集成多种需要进行协调工作的应用。在论文中，讨论了为远程医疗参与者之间提供信息交流服务的文字交谈和电子白板工具的具体实现技术。
处理的病人及病历的信息储存在关系数据库中，考虑到对象模型与关系模型的不匹配性，我们采用了构造对象持久层的策略解决对象－关系映射问题, 增强了系统的灵活性，柔韧性和可维护性。
构建于CORBA之上的远程医疗原型系统, 综合了分布式系统特征, 已具备远程医疗协同工作的基本功能, 对远程医疗系统信息架构的构建上的研究与实践不仅具有理论意义, 而且具有实用价值。
The thesis provide a blue print to the Distributed Telemedicine System(DTS) which is based on CORBA. With the anylysis of DTS's system requirement under CORBA foundation, the object-oriented method and the characteristic of Distributed Object Computing(DOC), we design a system architecture according with DTS and discuss some key points in applying Distributed Computing Technolegy(DCT) to build DTS.
Because of the complexity of the distributed system and laking of methodology,guildline of software engineer and corresponding tools support on applying DCT to develop great software compared with traditional method, all of these limits the application of DCT.It is seldom found that DCT are used in medical domine exspecially telemedicine domian. The distributed characteristic of telemidicine itself provides a broad stage for the application of DOC into telemidicine domine. And it is of great significance to use DOC tech in building flexible,hammerhead and pliable system in the telemedicine domine.
In the raw system we built, we take CORBA as the distributed computing platform. CORBA provides us a strong distributed object computing enviroment with its strict standard, independence of providers and well support to isomerous enviroment. Both the server and the client are programed with JAVA , it guarantees the system is independtent of platform. The go-ahead Java platform enables our system to improve it's function continuate in a enviroment of rich resources.
As a task of great challenge, Telemedicine involveds many applications, we select an aspect that aims for constucting a massive information base for telemedicine ,providing a enviroment supporting telemedicine cooperation on that information base,guaranteeing the information communication in the process of telemedicine. The creative work of combinning remote information management and cooperative work enviroment makes a new solution to build telemedicine system.
To get informations from patient and case history is a nessecery condition for the telemedicine to carry through favorably. We aim at the management on patient information and case history to construct the telemedicine information architectture.
Following the medical domine's standard is a important condition to get the domine admission certificate. We select the standands drawed by the CORBAMed of OMG as the guildline to build system. In the patient information management subsystem, we still select the PIDS of OMG as rule. There are seldom systems which follows PIDS standard in international and none in native. What we have done makes initiative attempt to spread the applying of CORBAMed's standard.
Making Computing Patient Record(CPR) is a hotspot problem in medical domine. It is a trouble to build CPR all alone because of the complexity and multiformity of CPR and lacking of domine standard and law supportion. Under the knowledge and research base of Visulation Lab. on medical domine,We bring forward a solution to implement multimedia CPR. The CPR can contain kinds of multimedia information incluing text , image, audio and video.For easing to use, Our system provides a consistent and integrate software environment for users.
We provide nessecery tech support to the diagnosis cooperation which telemedicine system needs. Our system provides a CSCW enviroment based on the Event server of CORBA which provides a framework supporting cooperation.The framework can integrate kinds of applications which needs cooperation work. In thesis, we discuss the tech to implement chating and electric white board which help telemedicine cooperater communicating.
Informations of patients and case history are storiged in the relation database. Considered the unmatching between object model and relation model, we take the method of constructing Object Persistent Layer to solve the matching problem between object and relation, therefore enhence the flexibility , pliability and maintenance of the system.
The raw telemedicine system which is based on CORBA and integrates the characteristic of distributed
由于分布式系统开发本身的复杂性，并且相对于传统方法，在大型软件开发过程中应用分布式对象技术还缺乏必要的方法论、软件工程的指导原则以及相应的工具支持，这在一定程度上限制了分布对象技术的应用。分布式对象计算技术在医疗领域，尤其是远程医疗领域的应用并不多见。远程医疗本身的分布式特征为也为分布式对象计算技术进入远程医疗领域提供了广阔的舞台。在远程医疗领域应用先进的分布式对象计算技术对于构建具有灵活性，鲁棒性，柔韧性的应用系统有着十分重要的意义。
在我们构造的原型系统中，采用了CORBA作为系统的分布式计算平台。CORBA以其规范的严格性、供应商的无关性和对异构环境的良好支持为系统提供了强大的分布式对象计算环境。系统的服务器端和客户端均由JAVA写成，这保证了系统具有良好的平台无关性。日益完善的JAVA平台使得系统可以在一个资源丰富的环境中不断完善自身的功能。
远程医疗作为一个极具挑战性的课题，所涉及的应用十分繁多，我们选择的道路是在为远程医疗活动构建坚实的信息基础之上提供支持远程协作诊疗的环境，使远程医疗中的息的流动得到充分的保证。将远程信息管理与协同工作环境创造性结合起来，这为远程医疗系统的构建提供了一个全新的解决方案。
获取病人的信息和病历信息是支撑远程医疗得以顺利进行的必要条件。对于远程医疗系统信息架构的构建，我们的主要目标集中在病人信息和病人的病历信息的管理上。
遵循医疗领域的现有标准是系统获取领域准入证的重要条件。在系统构造过程中，我们选用最具工业强度的OMG的CORBAMed制定的相关标准作为系统构建的指南。在病人信息管理系统中，我们采用了OMG的PIDS作为系统构建的依据。遵循PIDS规范的病人身份管理系统在国际上尚不多见，在国内还未见报道。我们所作的工作为CORBAMed系列规范在国内的推广应用进行了初步的探索。
病人信息的电子化是医疗领域的热点问题。由于电子病历本身包含信息的复杂性、多样性，而且缺乏相关的领域标准和法规支持，电子病历的构建一直是困扰系统开发的一个问题。凭借西北大学可视化研究所在医学领域的多年积累，我们提出了一个实现多媒体电子病历的具体方案，设计的电子病历可以包含文字，图像，音频，视频等多种媒体信息，为便于操纵 ，我们的系统为使用者提供了完整、一致的操作环境, 为电子病历的构建提供了一种新的途径。
我们为远程医疗系统所必备的协作诊疗提供了必要的技术支持。系统在CORBA事件服务的基础上提供了一个CSCW环境，通过提供支持协作应用的框架，通过框架系统可以集成多种需要进行协调工作的应用。在论文中，讨论了为远程医疗参与者之间提供信息交流服务的文字交谈和电子白板工具的具体实现技术。
处理的病人及病历的信息储存在关系数据库中，考虑到对象模型与关系模型的不匹配性，我们采用了构造对象持久层的策略解决对象－关系映射问题, 增强了系统的灵活性，柔韧性和可维护性。
构建于CORBA之上的远程医疗原型系统, 综合了分布式系统特征, 已具备远程医疗协同工作的基本功能, 对远程医疗系统信息架构的构建上的研究与实践不仅具有理论意义, 而且具有实用价值。
The thesis provide a blue print to the Distributed Telemedicine System(DTS) which is based on CORBA. With the anylysis of DTS's system requirement under CORBA foundation, the object-oriented method and the characteristic of Distributed Object Computing(DOC), we design a system architecture according with DTS and discuss some key points in applying Distributed Computing Technolegy(DCT) to build DTS.
Because of the complexity of the distributed system and laking of methodology,guildline of software engineer and corresponding tools support on applying DCT to develop great software compared with traditional method, all of these limits the application of DCT.It is seldom found that DCT are used in medical domine exspecially telemedicine domian. The distributed characteristic of telemidicine itself provides a broad stage for the application of DOC into telemidicine domine. And it is of great significance to use DOC tech in building flexible,hammerhead and pliable system in the telemedicine domine.
In the raw system we built, we take CORBA as the distributed computing platform. CORBA provides us a strong distributed object computing enviroment with its strict standard, independence of providers and well support to isomerous enviroment. Both the server and the client are programed with JAVA , it guarantees the system is independtent of platform. The go-ahead Java platform enables our system to improve it's function continuate in a enviroment of rich resources.
As a task of great challenge, Telemedicine involveds many applications, we select an aspect that aims for constucting a massive information base for telemedicine ,providing a enviroment supporting telemedicine cooperation on that information base,guaranteeing the information communication in the process of telemedicine. The creative work of combinning remote information management and cooperative work enviroment makes a new solution to build telemedicine system.
To get informations from patient and case history is a nessecery condition for the telemedicine to carry through favorably. We aim at the management on patient information and case history to construct the telemedicine information architectture.
Following the medical domine's standard is a important condition to get the domine admission certificate. We select the standands drawed by the CORBAMed of OMG as the guildline to build system. In the patient information management subsystem, we still select the PIDS of OMG as rule. There are seldom systems which follows PIDS standard in international and none in native. What we have done makes initiative attempt to spread the applying of CORBAMed's standard.
Making Computing Patient Record(CPR) is a hotspot problem in medical domine. It is a trouble to build CPR all alone because of the complexity and multiformity of CPR and lacking of domine standard and law supportion. Under the knowledge and research base of Visulation Lab. on medical domine,We bring forward a solution to implement multimedia CPR. The CPR can contain kinds of multimedia information incluing text , image, audio and video.For easing to use, Our system provides a consistent and integrate software environment for users.
We provide nessecery tech support to the diagnosis cooperation which telemedicine system needs. Our system provides a CSCW enviroment based on the Event server of CORBA which provides a framework supporting cooperation.The framework can integrate kinds of applications which needs cooperation work. In thesis, we discuss the tech to implement chating and electric white board which help telemedicine cooperater communicating.
The raw telemedicine system which is based on CORBA and integrates the characteristic of distributed
引文
[1] Object Management Group, The Common Object Request Broker: Architecture and Specification, 2.3 ed., June 1999.
[2] M. Henning and S. Vinoski, Advanced CORBA Programming With C++. Addison-Wesley Longman, 1999.
[3] P. Narasimhan, L. E. Moser, and P. M. Melliar-Smith, "Using Interceptors to Enhance CORBA," IEEE Computer, vol. 32, pp. 64-68, July
[4] OMG，“CORBAServices： Common Object Services Specification [EB/OL]”，http://www.omg.org，1998-10-10/1999-06-20
[5] Inprise Corporation，“Visibroker for Java Programmer's Guide”， Inprise Corporation，2000
[6] Inprise Corporation，“Inprise Application Server User's Guide”， Inprise Corporation，1998-1999
[7] Gamma, Helm, Johnson, Vlissides Design Patterns Addison-Wesley, 1995
[8] [美] R. Otte，P. Patrick，M. Roy著，李师贤等译校，《CORBA教程——公共对象请求代理体系结构》，清华大学出版社，1999
[9] Dirk Slama 等著，李师贤等译，《CORBA 企业解决方案》，机械工业出版社，January, 2001
[10] W.Keith Edwards 著，王召福等译，《Jini 核心技术》，机械工业出版社，July 2000
[11] 顾冠群，汪芸，“分布处理技术的现状和展望”，计算机应用研究，1999
[12] Javaworld, Build an object database, Merlin Hughes, January 2000
[13] [美] Inprise Corporation ,"Jbuilder开发人员指南", 机械工业出版社,2001
[14] 杨茂江,孙星明等， "基于CORBA-WEB的分布式应用系统开发策略"， 计算机工程与应用，2000.2
[15] 王 晔 刘 祁等，“基于分布对象的高性能计算技术的探讨“，计算机工程与应用,2000.5
[16] 赵 霁 曹一鸣,"基于分布式对象模型的数据库访问技术",计算机工程与应用,2000.11
[17] 耿国华，周明全，三维医学可视化平台的研究，微机发展，1999，Vo45，p55-57
[18] 宋怡 马世龙等，“用面向对象的建模工具设计关系数据库”，计算机科学，2 0 0 0 Vol 27 No 2
[19] 郑人杰、殷人昆、陶永雷著， 《实用软件工程》，清华大学出版社，1997.4
[20] 刘超、张莉编著，《可视化面向对象建模技术》，北京航空航天大学出版社 1999.7
[21] 赵喜平，郑崇勋，“ＰＡＣＳ、远程放射学及其与国际互联网的关系”，中国医学影像学杂志 1 998年第 6卷第 1期
[22] 王文静 唐龙等，“一个多媒体的远程诊断系统”，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报 Jan. , 1998
[23] Scott W. Ambler. Mapping Object to Relational Databases. URL:http://www.AmbySoft.com/
[24] Joseph W.Yoder. Connecting Business Objects to Relational Databases, Illinois ,2000
[25] Rational Software, Mappiing Object to Data Modells wiith the UML, Rational white pape
[26] 王声决,"JAVA对现代企业信息集成的技术支持",计算机工程与应用，2000.11
[27] SDMagzine, CORBAsec: Securing Distributed Systems, June 1999
[28] Michael Stal,Component Technologies for the Middle Tier: CCM, EJB, COM+,OOPSLA 2000, Minneapolis
[29] 史美林,向勇等，“协同科学——从"协同学"到 CSCW”，清华大学学报 (自然科学版)1 997年第 37卷
[30] 孙艳春 赵大哲，“基于CORBA规范的群件开发平台的研究”，小型微型计算机系统1999年 4月
[31] 邵维忠，杨芙清,《面向对象的系统分析》，北京，清华大学出版社1998
[32] JavaWorld,Image processing with Java 2D，1998.09
[33] JavaWorld,Program multimedia with JMF, 2001.04
[34] 王韶卿 王忠周,"PACS的网络技术及信息集成", 中国医学影像技术,2000.5
[35] 熊 萍，刘锦德. "如何利用CORBA构造数据库互操作支撑件" 计算机应用，1998;18(3)
[36] 李小燕,刘敬军,"基于CORBA封装已有系统实现信息系统集成",计算机工程与设计,2000.1
[37] Katrina Glerum, WebChart serves up Kaiser patients, JavaWorld 1998.11
[38] UIdesign.net,Developing a UI Design from a UML Color Model, 1999.11
[39] Distributed Systems Technology Center (DSTC) Java Notification Service URL: http://www.dstc.com/Software/CosNotification.html
[40] VisiBroker for Java and C++ URL: http://www.inprise.com.cn/products/VisiBroker.htm
[41] Antialiasing, images, and alpha compositing in Java 2D URL:http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-08-1998/jw-08-media_p.html
[42] Persistence in Enterprise JavaBeans URL: http://www.javadevelopersjournal.com/java/feature/3-10/layout/index.html
[43] 史元春,徐光佑,"计算机支持的协同设计研究",计算机研究与发展,July 1998
[44] 丁俊华,董桓,"软件互操作研究与进展",计算机研究与发展,July 1998
[45] 肖波,王兆青,"电子白板互操作的研究和设计",上海交通大学学报,Aug. 1998
[46] 郭长国,刘江宁,"事件服务及其应用",计算机应用研究,1999.2
[47] 伍祥生,"Java技术在图象处理中的演变",中国图象图形学报,1999.10
[2] M. Henning and S. Vinoski, Advanced CORBA Programming With C++. Addison-Wesley Longman, 1999.
[3] P. Narasimhan, L. E. Moser, and P. M. Melliar-Smith, "Using Interceptors to Enhance CORBA," IEEE Computer, vol. 32, pp. 64-68, July
[4] OMG，“CORBAServices： Common Object Services Specification [EB/OL]”，http://www.omg.org，1998-10-10/1999-06-20
[5] Inprise Corporation，“Visibroker for Java Programmer's Guide”， Inprise Corporation，2000
[6] Inprise Corporation，“Inprise Application Server User's Guide”， Inprise Corporation，1998-1999
[7] Gamma, Helm, Johnson, Vlissides Design Patterns Addison-Wesley, 1995
[8] [美] R. Otte，P. Patrick，M. Roy著，李师贤等译校，《CORBA教程——公共对象请求代理体系结构》，清华大学出版社，1999
[9] Dirk Slama 等著，李师贤等译，《CORBA 企业解决方案》，机械工业出版社，January, 2001
[10] W.Keith Edwards 著，王召福等译，《Jini 核心技术》，机械工业出版社，July 2000
[11] 顾冠群，汪芸，“分布处理技术的现状和展望”，计算机应用研究，1999
[12] Javaworld, Build an object database, Merlin Hughes, January 2000
[13] [美] Inprise Corporation ,"Jbuilder开发人员指南", 机械工业出版社,2001
[14] 杨茂江,孙星明等， "基于CORBA-WEB的分布式应用系统开发策略"， 计算机工程与应用，2000.2
[15] 王 晔 刘 祁等，“基于分布对象的高性能计算技术的探讨“，计算机工程与应用,2000.5
[16] 赵 霁 曹一鸣,"基于分布式对象模型的数据库访问技术",计算机工程与应用,2000.11
[17] 耿国华，周明全，三维医学可视化平台的研究，微机发展，1999，Vo45，p55-57
[18] 宋怡 马世龙等，“用面向对象的建模工具设计关系数据库”，计算机科学，2 0 0 0 Vol 27 No 2
[19] 郑人杰、殷人昆、陶永雷著， 《实用软件工程》，清华大学出版社，1997.4
[20] 刘超、张莉编著，《可视化面向对象建模技术》，北京航空航天大学出版社 1999.7
[21] 赵喜平，郑崇勋，“ＰＡＣＳ、远程放射学及其与国际互联网的关系”，中国医学影像学杂志 1 998年第 6卷第 1期
[22] 王文静 唐龙等，“一个多媒体的远程诊断系统”，计算机辅助设计与图形学学报 Jan. , 1998
[23] Scott W. Ambler. Mapping Object to Relational Databases. URL:http://www.AmbySoft.com/
[24] Joseph W.Yoder. Connecting Business Objects to Relational Databases, Illinois ,2000
[25] Rational Software, Mappiing Object to Data Modells wiith the UML, Rational white pape
[26] 王声决,"JAVA对现代企业信息集成的技术支持",计算机工程与应用，2000.11
[27] SDMagzine, CORBAsec: Securing Distributed Systems, June 1999
[28] Michael Stal,Component Technologies for the Middle Tier: CCM, EJB, COM+,OOPSLA 2000, Minneapolis
[29] 史美林,向勇等，“协同科学——从"协同学"到 CSCW”，清华大学学报 (自然科学版)1 997年第 37卷
[30] 孙艳春 赵大哲，“基于CORBA规范的群件开发平台的研究”，小型微型计算机系统1999
[31] 邵维忠，杨芙清,《面向对象的系统分析》，北京，清华大学出版社1998
[32] JavaWorld,Image processing with Java 2D，1998.09
[33] JavaWorld,Program multimedia with JMF, 2001.04
[34] 王韶卿 王忠周,"PACS的网络技术及信息集成", 中国医学影像技术,2000.5
[35] 熊 萍，刘锦德. "如何利用CORBA构造数据库互操作支撑件" 计算机应用，1998;18(3)
[36] 李小燕,刘敬军,"基于CORBA封装已有系统实现信息系统集成",计算机工程与设计,2000.1
[37] Katrina Glerum, WebChart serves up Kaiser patients, JavaWorld 1998.11
[38] UIdesign.net,Developing a UI Design from a UML Color Model, 1999.11
[39] Distributed Systems Technology Center (DSTC) Java Notification Service URL: http://www.dstc.com/Software/CosNotification.html
[40] VisiBroker for Java and C++ URL: http://www.inprise.com.cn/products/VisiBroker.htm
[41] Antialiasing, images, and alpha compositing in Java 2D URL:http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-08-1998/jw-08-media_p.html
[42] Persistence in Enterprise JavaBeans URL: http://www.javadevelopersjournal.com/java/feature/3-10/layout/index.html
[43] 史元春,徐光佑,"计算机支持的协同设计研究",计算机研究与发展,July 1998
[44] 丁俊华,董桓,"软件互操作研究与进展",计算机研究与发展,July 1998
[45] 肖波,王兆青,"电子白板互操作的研究和设计",上海交通大学学报,Aug. 1998
[46] 郭长国,刘江宁,"事件服务及其应用",计算机应用研究,1999.2
[47] 伍祥生,"Java技术在图象处理中的演变",中国图象图形学报,1999.10