中国东北西太平洋俯冲带火山区地壳上地幔结构研究
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摘要
中国东北西太平洋俯冲带位于欧亚板块与西太平洋板块的交界部位,西太平洋板块在日本海沟以约29°的角度俯冲到欧亚大陆下。研究表明这种俯冲作用是东北地区地质构造运动的主要动力来源,也是中国唯一的深源地震区—珲春深震区深源地震的动力来源。研究区存在许多全新世火山,全新世以来活动规模较大的有长白山天池火山,五大连池火山,镜泊湖火山,龙岗火山等。“九五”“十五”期间开展的中国主要活动火山的监测研究表明:长白山天池火山是最具有喷发危险性的火山。在天池火山口和镜泊湖火山口森林下均发现低速高导区,推测为岩浆囊。最近几年长白山天池火山微震群活动较为频繁也表明了天池火山具有一定的活动性。同时日本海俯冲带是世界上最古老的俯冲带之一,是研究俯冲带的俯冲对大陆构造运动的影响,俯冲板块与地幔的相互作用,特别是俯冲板块对地幔间断面形态的影响以及俯冲带是否穿过660km间断面等问题的最佳场所。因此对该地区的深部结构,火山活动及深震的发震机理的深入研究对了解中国东北俯冲带的构造特征演化及与大陆的相互作用是有件意义的工作。本论文主要做了以下几方面的研究工作:
在对有关远震波形资料的利用、接收函数发展历史、提取、反演和叠加方法的原理比较了解的基础上,调试了接收函数提取及反演的有关程序。参照Dueker等人1997年的共转换点叠加方法,调试编制了间断面的叠加程序。
对1998-1999年中美合作在长白山火山区布设的由19个宽频带地震仪组成的流动地震台网1年多所记录地震资料和2002年在镜泊湖火山口森林地区布设的有16个宽频带地震仪组成的流动地震台阵3个月记录记录资料进行了回放整理,地震挑选截取、滤波、加道头等预处理。经挑选长白山台阵资料有53个远震记录的波形资料可以用于接收函数处理;镜泊湖台阵有18个远震记录波形资料可以用于接收函数处理。利用这些远震资料共提取了243个接收函数。从CDSN台网上挑选了牡丹江台记录的23个震中距在30°-90°高质量的波形资料,提取了23个接收函数。
对每个台站的接收函数进行挑选,去掉质量不高的接收函数,叠加质量较高的接收函数,这样就得到了35个台站的接收函数的径向分量和切向分量。反演接收函
The Western Pacific subduction zone in the northeast part of China is located at boundary of the Eurasia and the Western Pacific plate. The Western Pacific plate subducted beneath the northeast part of China with dip angle of 29° at Japan trench. The subduction action of the Western Pacific plate is main source of tectonics and Huichun deep earthquakes in the northeast part of China, There are many Quaternary volcanos in the studied area, such as Tianchi volcano, Wudalianchi volcano, Jinbohu volcano and Longgan volcano and so on. Research results revealed that Changbaishan Tianchi volcano is a most dangerous volcano that has potential possibility to erupt. The subducted zone is one of the oldest active subduction zone and good place for studying on the effections of subducted activity to Eurasia tectonics, relation between the subduction plate and mantal discontinuities, the subduction plate weather pierced the 660km discontinuity. So it is signification to study deep structure, volcano activity and focus of deep earthquake. The main work of this dissertation is as follow:Based on understanding teleseismic waveform utilization, history of receiver function development, extract receiver function, receiver function inversion and stack, debug the receiver function extract and inversion routine. Similar as Dueker(1997) common conversion point stack method, debug the receiver function stack routine.We first cut the waveform data from Changbaishan array (cooperative project between the State University of New York at Binghamton and the Research Center of Exploration Geophysics) that consist of 19 seismic stations recorded during 1998-1999 and Jinbohu array consist of 16 stations. Then pre-processed the waveform data with filtering and adding head. We obtained 53 teleseismic waveform records in Changbaishan array and 18 teleseismic waveform records in Jinbohu array. In all 243 receiver functions were obtained using these teleseismic waveform data. For each station, select the receiver functions with high signal-to-noise ratio, high quality waveform to be stacked. Finally, 34 radial components and tangential components of receiver functions that describe the response of medium beneath 34 stations were obtained. Inversing these radical receiver functions we obtained 34 1-D S-wave models beneath the stations. We think the depth of S-wave velocity 4.3km/s should be the Moho interface after analyzing the velocity structure beneath each station and comparing with results from wide-angle reflected/refraction sounding in Changbaishan volcanic area. To understand the character of velocity structure beneath the studied area intuitively, we got 2-D S-wave velocity structure and distribution of Moho depth by interpolation using 34 1-D velocity models that were gotten from receiver function inversion. From these results we can see that S-wave velocity contour is in the northeastern direction, this is agreement with geological structure trend on surface in studied area. Moho depth is between 33-36km beneath the most of studied area but beneath volcano crater Moho depth can reach to 39km. The S-wave velocity structures are different between volcanic area and non-volcanic area. We think that magma uplift is the main reason causing these differences. Receiver
function inversion results are agreement with the results from wide-angle reflected/refraction sounding.We first filter 243 receiver functions using Butteworth filter, then calculated the conversion point positions using IASP91 velocity model at the stack depths. Stacking the conversion points within common the circle bin with 100km radius at the stack depth, we obtained structures of the AA' ,BB' ,CC' ,DD' four stack profiles respectively. From stack results we can see that Moho, 410km discontinuity and 660km discontinuity are obvious in the stack profiles. 520km discontinuity also can be seen in some profiles but it not always can be traced in all profiles. 410km discontinuity is obvious uplift beneath Changbaishan volcano area and its undulate is positive correlation with 660km discontinuity. The thickness of transition zone is about 250km approaching the average thickness of the globe's. From phases existed in the transition zone, we can deuce that the front part of the western Pacific plate may have been split into several blocks in transition zone. These blocks have different moving directions in the transition zone. Huichun deep earthquake zone is just located the most front part of the subduced plate and focus of the deep earthquakes may have relation with these blocks. 660km discontinuity is consisted of multi-interface and has characters of complicated discontinuity. From undulate of 660km discontinuity we can see that although the subduced plate may do not pierced through 660km discontinuity, but it has made great effects on 660km discontinuity.Seismic tomography is method for studying velocity structure. In recent twenty years it has great development. Tomography has been a powerful tool for studying inner structure of the Earth with digital seismogram widely used. When we have enough seismic data and reasonable ray distribution, for example some dense seismic station distribution area in Japan, tomographic resolution can be reach to kilometer scale. This dissertation reconstruct the velocity structure beneath studied area using DLSQR method developed by Prof. Dapeng Zhao. Epicenter and earthquake time are been corrected before next iteration using new velocity model and Geiger method. There are three data sets were used in the inversion. The first data set is 133 earthquake travel-times recorded by Jilin seismic network with magnitude >ML2.0 from 1982-1998. The second data set is 12 local earthquake first arrival travel-times recorded by Jingbohu seismic array. The third is Pg data from Changbaishan wide-angle reflected/refraction sounding. Checkboard was used to check resolution of different network using the three data sets. The checkboard results showed that the inversion resolution is about 0.4° using the three data sets. According checkboard results we divided model into 14×19×10. The space of network is 0.3° at Changbaishan and Jingbohu volcanic area and 0.3° ~0.5° at the other area. We also test the damp value used in inversion, test results showed that when damp is 5 model error and travel-time rms reach to balance. P-wave travel-time rms from 0.64s decreased to 0.55s after 42 iterative inversions. S-wave travel-time rms from 0.95 decreased to 0.81 after 52 iterative inversions. We obtained P-wave and S-wave velocity structure at depths of 2km, 5km, 8km, 12km, 17km, 22km and 34km respectively. From these results we can see that lower velocity anomaly at depth of 2-5km is distribution in northeast direction and agreement with geological structure
在对有关远震波形资料的利用、接收函数发展历史、提取、反演和叠加方法的原理比较了解的基础上,调试了接收函数提取及反演的有关程序。参照Dueker等人1997年的共转换点叠加方法,调试编制了间断面的叠加程序。
对1998-1999年中美合作在长白山火山区布设的由19个宽频带地震仪组成的流动地震台网1年多所记录地震资料和2002年在镜泊湖火山口森林地区布设的有16个宽频带地震仪组成的流动地震台阵3个月记录记录资料进行了回放整理,地震挑选截取、滤波、加道头等预处理。经挑选长白山台阵资料有53个远震记录的波形资料可以用于接收函数处理;镜泊湖台阵有18个远震记录波形资料可以用于接收函数处理。利用这些远震资料共提取了243个接收函数。从CDSN台网上挑选了牡丹江台记录的23个震中距在30°-90°高质量的波形资料,提取了23个接收函数。
对每个台站的接收函数进行挑选,去掉质量不高的接收函数,叠加质量较高的接收函数,这样就得到了35个台站的接收函数的径向分量和切向分量。反演接收函
The Western Pacific subduction zone in the northeast part of China is located at boundary of the Eurasia and the Western Pacific plate. The Western Pacific plate subducted beneath the northeast part of China with dip angle of 29° at Japan trench. The subduction action of the Western Pacific plate is main source of tectonics and Huichun deep earthquakes in the northeast part of China, There are many Quaternary volcanos in the studied area, such as Tianchi volcano, Wudalianchi volcano, Jinbohu volcano and Longgan volcano and so on. Research results revealed that Changbaishan Tianchi volcano is a most dangerous volcano that has potential possibility to erupt. The subducted zone is one of the oldest active subduction zone and good place for studying on the effections of subducted activity to Eurasia tectonics, relation between the subduction plate and mantal discontinuities, the subduction plate weather pierced the 660km discontinuity. So it is signification to study deep structure, volcano activity and focus of deep earthquake. The main work of this dissertation is as follow:Based on understanding teleseismic waveform utilization, history of receiver function development, extract receiver function, receiver function inversion and stack, debug the receiver function extract and inversion routine. Similar as Dueker(1997) common conversion point stack method, debug the receiver function stack routine.We first cut the waveform data from Changbaishan array (cooperative project between the State University of New York at Binghamton and the Research Center of Exploration Geophysics) that consist of 19 seismic stations recorded during 1998-1999 and Jinbohu array consist of 16 stations. Then pre-processed the waveform data with filtering and adding head. We obtained 53 teleseismic waveform records in Changbaishan array and 18 teleseismic waveform records in Jinbohu array. In all 243 receiver functions were obtained using these teleseismic waveform data. For each station, select the receiver functions with high signal-to-noise ratio, high quality waveform to be stacked. Finally, 34 radial components and tangential components of receiver functions that describe the response of medium beneath 34 stations were obtained. Inversing these radical receiver functions we obtained 34 1-D S-wave models beneath the stations. We think the depth of S-wave velocity 4.3km/s should be the Moho interface after analyzing the velocity structure beneath each station and comparing with results from wide-angle reflected/refraction sounding in Changbaishan volcanic area. To understand the character of velocity structure beneath the studied area intuitively, we got 2-D S-wave velocity structure and distribution of Moho depth by interpolation using 34 1-D velocity models that were gotten from receiver function inversion. From these results we can see that S-wave velocity contour is in the northeastern direction, this is agreement with geological structure trend on surface in studied area. Moho depth is between 33-36km beneath the most of studied area but beneath volcano crater Moho depth can reach to 39km. The S-wave velocity structures are different between volcanic area and non-volcanic area. We think that magma uplift is the main reason causing these differences. Receiver
function inversion results are agreement with the results from wide-angle reflected/refraction sounding.We first filter 243 receiver functions using Butteworth filter, then calculated the conversion point positions using IASP91 velocity model at the stack depths. Stacking the conversion points within common the circle bin with 100km radius at the stack depth, we obtained structures of the AA' ,BB' ,CC' ,DD' four stack profiles respectively. From stack results we can see that Moho, 410km discontinuity and 660km discontinuity are obvious in the stack profiles. 520km discontinuity also can be seen in some profiles but it not always can be traced in all profiles. 410km discontinuity is obvious uplift beneath Changbaishan volcano area and its undulate is positive correlation with 660km discontinuity. The thickness of transition zone is about 250km approaching the average thickness of the globe's. From phases existed in the transition zone, we can deuce that the front part of the western Pacific plate may have been split into several blocks in transition zone. These blocks have different moving directions in the transition zone. Huichun deep earthquake zone is just located the most front part of the subduced plate and focus of the deep earthquakes may have relation with these blocks. 660km discontinuity is consisted of multi-interface and has characters of complicated discontinuity. From undulate of 660km discontinuity we can see that although the subduced plate may do not pierced through 660km discontinuity, but it has made great effects on 660km discontinuity.Seismic tomography is method for studying velocity structure. In recent twenty years it has great development. Tomography has been a powerful tool for studying inner structure of the Earth with digital seismogram widely used. When we have enough seismic data and reasonable ray distribution, for example some dense seismic station distribution area in Japan, tomographic resolution can be reach to kilometer scale. This dissertation reconstruct the velocity structure beneath studied area using DLSQR method developed by Prof. Dapeng Zhao. Epicenter and earthquake time are been corrected before next iteration using new velocity model and Geiger method. There are three data sets were used in the inversion. The first data set is 133 earthquake travel-times recorded by Jilin seismic network with magnitude >ML2.0 from 1982-1998. The second data set is 12 local earthquake first arrival travel-times recorded by Jingbohu seismic array. The third is Pg data from Changbaishan wide-angle reflected/refraction sounding. Checkboard was used to check resolution of different network using the three data sets. The checkboard results showed that the inversion resolution is about 0.4° using the three data sets. According checkboard results we divided model into 14×19×10. The space of network is 0.3° at Changbaishan and Jingbohu volcanic area and 0.3° ~0.5° at the other area. We also test the damp value used in inversion, test results showed that when damp is 5 model error and travel-time rms reach to balance. P-wave travel-time rms from 0.64s decreased to 0.55s after 42 iterative inversions. S-wave travel-time rms from 0.95 decreased to 0.81 after 52 iterative inversions. We obtained P-wave and S-wave velocity structure at depths of 2km, 5km, 8km, 12km, 17km, 22km and 34km respectively. From these results we can see that lower velocity anomaly at depth of 2-5km is distribution in northeast direction and agreement with geological structure
引文
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