城市CORS系统的稳定性研究
|
摘要
随着流动站与参考站之间距离的增加,常规RTK定位精度和可靠性降低、服务范围有限(一般在10km以内)、成本增加、作业效率低下、通信数据链路狭隘和模糊度求解困难等问题的出现已经远远不能满足人民的需要。因此,城市连续运行参考站网络系统应运而生。本文以宁波连续运行参考站系统(NBCORS)为例取得了如下成果：
简要的介绍了本课题的目的和意义、国内外研究现状、研究的目标、内容、和方法；详细探讨了CORS建站的四种主流技术(VRS、FKP、MAC、ARS),为CORS系统的建设提供了技术支持；研究了CORS的误差来源和消除或者减弱途径。
系统的研究了整个CORS系统的测试流程：基准站的选址和建设、基准站网的联测和坐标转换问题的研究、系统的定位精度检测方法研究、空间可用性研究、时间可用性研究、定位服务的时效性研究和系统兼容性研究。
在系统的定位精度检测方法方面,总结CORS定位精度可靠性已有检验方法(如静态已知点检测法、实时动态观测值与后处理结果比较的检测方法、动态规则几何轨迹检测方法和基线相对长度检测方法等)的基础上,提出了新的检测方法有不同时间段检测法、不同高程检测法、周围环境检测法,使系统可靠性检测方法更加完备；在空间可用性方面,选择了开阔地、高层建筑物附近、树林、湖泊边、山腰和山谷等地来研究；在时间可用性方面,研究了影响系统定位精度和初始化时间的各种因素：有效卫星数量、GODP值、流动站到参考站已经的距离和周围环境等,并做了定量分析；在系统兼容性方面,选择了8种不同型号的双频接收机进行了研究。
With the distance between the rover and reference station increasing, conventional RTK technology which positioning accuracy and reliability of the reduced scope of services was limited (generally less than 10km), the cost increased and operational efficiency was low, data link communications was narrow, the difficulties of ambiguity and so on, which has been far from satisfying people's needs. Therefore, the city continuously operating reference station network system came into being.
In this paper, Ningbo continuously operating reference station system (NBCORS) as an example to obtain the following results:
Briefly introduces the purpose and significance of this topic, research status, of the objectives, content, and methods; and CORS establishment of the station's four mainstream technology (VRS, FKP, MAC, ARS) of doing a detailed analysis of for the construction of CORS system provides technical support; of the CORS error sources and ways to eliminate or weaken.
The CORS system of the entire testing process as such:base stations selection and construction of base stations, base station network and coordinate the joint measurement of conversion issues, the system detection method of positioning accuracy, availability of space, time availability, system compatibility study.
Positioning accuracy in the detection system, the summary of the reliability of positioning accuracy have been tested CORS method (known as static detection method, real-time dynamic observed and compared the results after the detection method, the geometric dynamic rules relative path detection methods and baseline length of the detection method, etc.) based on the proposed new detection methods have different detection time, detection of different elevation, the surrounding environment detection, the system reliability of the detection method is more complete; in space availability, select the open terrain, nearby high-rise buildings, trees, lakes edge, hillside, valley and other places to study; availability in time to study the impact of the system initialization time positioning accuracy and a variety of factors:the effective number of satellites, GODP value to the reference station has been the distance and the surrounding environment, and has done a quantitative analysis; in the system compatibility, choose 8 different models of dual-frequency receivers were studied.
简要的介绍了本课题的目的和意义、国内外研究现状、研究的目标、内容、和方法；详细探讨了CORS建站的四种主流技术(VRS、FKP、MAC、ARS),为CORS系统的建设提供了技术支持；研究了CORS的误差来源和消除或者减弱途径。
系统的研究了整个CORS系统的测试流程：基准站的选址和建设、基准站网的联测和坐标转换问题的研究、系统的定位精度检测方法研究、空间可用性研究、时间可用性研究、定位服务的时效性研究和系统兼容性研究。
在系统的定位精度检测方法方面,总结CORS定位精度可靠性已有检验方法(如静态已知点检测法、实时动态观测值与后处理结果比较的检测方法、动态规则几何轨迹检测方法和基线相对长度检测方法等)的基础上,提出了新的检测方法有不同时间段检测法、不同高程检测法、周围环境检测法,使系统可靠性检测方法更加完备；在空间可用性方面,选择了开阔地、高层建筑物附近、树林、湖泊边、山腰和山谷等地来研究；在时间可用性方面,研究了影响系统定位精度和初始化时间的各种因素：有效卫星数量、GODP值、流动站到参考站已经的距离和周围环境等,并做了定量分析；在系统兼容性方面,选择了8种不同型号的双频接收机进行了研究。
With the distance between the rover and reference station increasing, conventional RTK technology which positioning accuracy and reliability of the reduced scope of services was limited (generally less than 10km), the cost increased and operational efficiency was low, data link communications was narrow, the difficulties of ambiguity and so on, which has been far from satisfying people's needs. Therefore, the city continuously operating reference station network system came into being.
In this paper, Ningbo continuously operating reference station system (NBCORS) as an example to obtain the following results:
Briefly introduces the purpose and significance of this topic, research status, of the objectives, content, and methods; and CORS establishment of the station's four mainstream technology (VRS, FKP, MAC, ARS) of doing a detailed analysis of for the construction of CORS system provides technical support; of the CORS error sources and ways to eliminate or weaken.
The CORS system of the entire testing process as such:base stations selection and construction of base stations, base station network and coordinate the joint measurement of conversion issues, the system detection method of positioning accuracy, availability of space, time availability, system compatibility study.
Positioning accuracy in the detection system, the summary of the reliability of positioning accuracy have been tested CORS method (known as static detection method, real-time dynamic observed and compared the results after the detection method, the geometric dynamic rules relative path detection methods and baseline length of the detection method, etc.) based on the proposed new detection methods have different detection time, detection of different elevation, the surrounding environment detection, the system reliability of the detection method is more complete; in space availability, select the open terrain, nearby high-rise buildings, trees, lakes edge, hillside, valley and other places to study; availability in time to study the impact of the system initialization time positioning accuracy and a variety of factors:the effective number of satellites, GODP value to the reference station has been the distance and the surrounding environment, and has done a quantitative analysis; in the system compatibility, choose 8 different models of dual-frequency receivers were studied.
引文
[1]全球导航卫星系统连续运行参考站网建设规范[S].中华人民共和国测绘行业标志,CH/T2008-2005,2005年12月7日发布
[2]国家测绘局.国家测绘局公告(2008第2号).2008年6月27日中国测绘报.
[3]林晓静,张小红,郭斐ITRF2005与CGCS2000坐标转换方法与精度分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(2),117-119.
[4]魏子卿.关于20.00中国大地坐标系的建议[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(2)：1-4.
[5]魏子卿.2000中国大地坐标系及其与WGS84的比较[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(5)：1-5
[6]陈俊勇.GPS现代化和GPS信号重构技术的进展[J].全球定位系统,2005.1,1-5
[7]周忠漠,易杰军,周琪.GPS卫星测量原理与应用(修订版).测绘出版社.1997.
[8]陈俊勇.我国大地测量学的进展和展望[J].测绘科学,2000年6月,Vol.25,N0.2
[9]陈俊勇,文汉江,程鹏飞.中国大地测量学发展的若干问题[J]武汉大学学报.信息科学版,2001.12,26(16),475-482
[10]李江卫,肖建华,高光星,周剑.武汉市连续运行卫星定位服务系统(WHCORS) 2007年12月,vol.26No.6,475-482
[11]唐卫明,楼益栋,刘晖等.GPS连续运行参考站系统定位精度检测方法研究[J].通信学报,2006,27(8)：73-77.
[12]戴连君,过静裙,谭志彬,毛东军,董宝青.北京市全球卫星定位综合应用服务系统[J].测绘通报,2004年08期,38-41.
[13]杨小军.虚拟参考站(VRS)技术与差分改正信息的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005年5月.
[14]过静瑶,王丽,张鹏.国内外连续运行基准站网新进展和应用展望[J].全球定位系统,2008年1月,1-10.
[15]陈俊勇.对我国建立现代大地坐标系统和高程系统的建议[J],测绘通报,2002年第8期,1-5.
[16]刘经南,刘晖.建立我国卫星定位连续运行站网的若干思考[J],武汉大学学报：信息科学版,Vol.28Special Issue,2003年5月：27-31.
[17]李健.卫星定位连续运行参考站网的系统架构及软件体系设计[D],中国人民解放军信息工程大学硕士学位论文.2007年4月.
[18]李成钢.基于多基站网络的VRS技术及其误差分析与建模[D],四川成都：西南交通大学,2003：25-28.
[19]柏柳,肖莺,胡友健.CORS的精度及其稳定性研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005.08,25(4),283-288.
[20]陈俊勇,李京伟.走向21世纪的测绘技术创新[J].中国测绘,2000,(2).4-7.
[21]李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理[M].武汉大学出版社,2005.
[22]李建成,姜卫平,秦政国,等.无锡市厘米级似大地水准面的研究[J].地理空间信息,2005,3(2)：1-5.
[23]张菊清.空间几何数据质量控制的理论与方法研究[D].长安大学博士学位论文.2009.6.
[24]张绍杰网络RTK定位原理与算法研究[D].山东科技大学硕士学位论文.2007.5.
[25][刘经南,刘众雄.GPS卫星定位技术进展[J].全球定位系统,2000(2)：1-7.
[26]刘经南,陈俊勇等.广域差分GPS原理和方法[M].北京：测绘出版社,1999.1：99-101.
[27]徕卡公司.徕卡网络型参考站白皮书.http://www.leica-geosystems.com.cn.
[28]吴星华,吕振业,JoelVanCranenbroeck,王贵武,吴俐民.徕卡最新主辅站技术在昆明市GPS参考站网中的应用[J].现代测绘：2005(S1)：252-259
[29]卢辉CORS系统的构建研究及其在江苏油田管线探测中的应用[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文.2009.5
[30][45]刘彦芳,何建国等.几种网络RTK技术的比较分析[J].地理空间信息：2009年4月,7(2)：89-91.
[31]周乐韬,黄丁发,徐锐,高淑照.一种网络RTK新技术-增强参考站[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版).2008.1,33(1)：77-80.
[32]高星伟,刘经南,李毓麟.网络RTK的轨道误差分析与消除[J].测绘科学,2005.4,30(2)：41-43.
[33]隆华平,胡友键,曾云.GPS连续运行参考站网络研究[J].全球定位系统,2005,(2) ：30-35.
[34]L.Dai, J.Wang, C. Rizos, S.Han, Predicting atmospheric biases for real-time ambiguity resolution in GPS/GLONASS reference station networks, Journal of Geodesy,2003,76:617-628.
[35]Liwen Dai.Shaowei Han,Jinling Wang. A study on GPS/GLONASS multiple reference station technigues for pricise Real-Time carrier phase-based positioning,ION GPS.2002.9,24-27, Portland, OR.
[36]Shaowei Han.Carrier Phase-Based Long-Range GPS Kinematics Positioning: Doctor Paper.School of Geomatic Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
[37]Wanninger. Real-Time Differential GPS Error Modeling in Regional Reference Station Networks,Proc.IAG Scientific Assembly,IAG Symp.118,Springer Verlag 86-92.
[38]Wubbena. Reducing distance dependent errors for real-time precise DGPS applications by establishing reference station networks,9th Int. Tech. Meeting of the satellite Div. of the U. S. Institute of Navigation, Kansas City, Missouri, 1996.9:17-20.
[39]Xiaoming Chen, Shaowei Han. Improving Real-Time Positioning Efficieny Using the Singopore Integrated Multiple Reference Station Networks (SIMRSN), ION GPS.2000.9, Salt Lake City, UT.
[40]JullePrusky.The Cooperative. CORS Program,PROFESSIONAL SURVEYOR, January 2001,http://www.profsury.eom/
[41]Richard A.Snay, the National and Cooperative CORS Systems in 2000 and Beyond, National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, ProeeedingsofIONGPS2000, September 2000, P19-22.
[42]National Imagery and Mapping Agency. Department of defense world geodetic system 1984:Its definition and relation ships with local geodetic system[R] National Imagery and Mapping Agency technical report 8350.2Third Edition.
[43]Spofford, P. R.&N.D. Weston (1998). National Geodetic Survey Continuously Operating Reference Station Project.Status and Plans. ACSM. Bulletin,172, 20-25.
[44]Xiao-Ming Chen, Improving Real Time Positioning Efficiency Using the Singapore Integrated Multiple Reference Station Network (SIMRSN), IONGPS2000, 19-22, September2000, Salt Lake City, UT.
[45]http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/
[46]RIZOS, C., HIGGINS, M.,&HEWITSON,5.2005. New GNSS developments and their impact on Survey service Providers and users. Spatial Sciences Conference, Melbourne, Australia,12-16September,1100-1113, CD-ROMP roes.
[47]NING Jin2sheng. Modern Geodetic Reference Systems [J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2002,6:125-129.
[48]Leica Geosystems,(2005),"Take it to the MAX!-An introduction to the philosophy and technology behind Leica Geosystems' Spider NET revolutionary Network RTK software and algorithms", White Paper, Leica Geosystems, June 2005.
[49]N.Brown, I.Geisler, L. Troyer. RTK Rover Performance using the Master-Auxiliary Concept [J], Journal of Global Positioning Systems.2006.5.
[50]N.Brown, R. Keenan, B.Richter, L.Troyer, Leica Geosystems AG, Switzerland (2005) "Advances in ambiguity resolution for RTK applications using the new RTCM V3.0 Master-Auxiliary messages", Proc. ION GPS-2005, The Institute of Navigation, Alexandria, Amercal
[51]Wubbena, G., A. Bagge, M. Schmitz (2001). Network-Based Techniques for RTK Applications. Presented at the GPS Symposium, GPS JIN 2001, GPS Society, Japan Institute of Navigation, November 14-16.2001, Tokyo, Japan.
[52]Raquet J F, Lachapelle G.RTK Positioning with Multiple Reference Stations [J].GPS World,2001,12(4):33-48.
[53]Brown. N I.Geisler I,Troyer L.RTK Rover Performance using the Master-Auxiliary Concept[J]. Journal of Global Positioning Systems,2006,5(1-2)-.135-144.
[54]Euler H J, Keenan C R, Zebhauser B E, et al.Study of a Simplified Approach in Utilizing Information from Permanent Reference Station Arrays[C].ION GPS 2001,2001(9)11-14.
[55]Teunissen P J G. The Least-squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment:a Method for Fast GPS Integer Ambiguity Estimation [J]. J Geod,1995 (70):65-82.
[56]L. Dai,J. Wang,C. Rizos,S. Han,Predicting atmospheric biaambiguity resolution in GPS/GLONASS refenetworks[J]. Journal of Geodesy,2003,76:617-628.
[57]Mader, G.L., N.D.Weston, M.L.Morrison,& D.G...Milbert (2003).The Online Positioning User Service (OPUS), Professional Surveyor,23(5),26,28,30.
[58]G.R.Hu, H.5.Khoo, P.C.Goh, C.L.Law.Development and assessment of GPS virtual reference stations for RTK positioning [J].Journal of Geodesy,2003.
[59]K.-D. Park, R.S. Nerem, M.S. Schenewerk, J.L. Davis, Site-specific multipath characteristics of global IGS and CORS GPS sites. Journal of Geodesy, Volume 77, Issue 12, Jun 2004, Pages 799-803.
[60]http://www.epncb.oma.be/
[61]http://www.seis.ac.cn/manage/html/8a9080a125b29b1b0125b2a3093a0002/index.html
[62]张成军.虚拟参考站误差分析与算法研究[D].解放军信息工程大学硕士论文,2005.04.
[63]城市测量规范CJJ8-99.
[64]全球定位系统城市测量技术规程CJJ73-97.
[65]全球定位系统(GPS)测量规范GBT/T18314-2001.
[66]浙江省GPS-RTK测量技术规定(试行版)ZCB/001-2008.
[67]刘业光,欧海平,GPS网络RTK虚拟参考站技术在广州的应用前景初探[J].城市勘测,2002,40(2)：5-8.
[68]刘晖.地球空间信息网格及其在连续运行卫星定位网络中的应用研究[D].武汉大学博士学位论文,2005年5月.
[69]陈诗文,余银普.城市CORS系统及其质量检测探讨[J].测绘标准化,2009：25(1),7-9.
[70]施闯.大规模高精度GPS网平差与分析理论及其应用[M].测绘出版社,2002.
[2]国家测绘局.国家测绘局公告(2008第2号).2008年6月27日中国测绘报.
[3]林晓静,张小红,郭斐ITRF2005与CGCS2000坐标转换方法与精度分析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2010,30(2),117-119.
[4]魏子卿.关于20.00中国大地坐标系的建议[J]. 大地测量与地球动力学,2006,26(2)：1-4.
[5]魏子卿.2000中国大地坐标系及其与WGS84的比较[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(5)：1-5
[6]陈俊勇.GPS现代化和GPS信号重构技术的进展[J].全球定位系统,2005.1,1-5
[7]周忠漠,易杰军,周琪.GPS卫星测量原理与应用(修订版).测绘出版社.1997.
[8]陈俊勇.我国大地测量学的进展和展望[J].测绘科学,2000年6月,Vol.25,N0.2
[9]陈俊勇,文汉江,程鹏飞.中国大地测量学发展的若干问题[J]武汉大学学报.信息科学版,2001.12,26(16),475-482
[10]李江卫,肖建华,高光星,周剑.武汉市连续运行卫星定位服务系统(WHCORS) 2007年12月,vol.26No.6,475-482
[11]唐卫明,楼益栋,刘晖等.GPS连续运行参考站系统定位精度检测方法研究[J].通信学报,2006,27(8)：73-77.
[12]戴连君,过静裙,谭志彬,毛东军,董宝青.北京市全球卫星定位综合应用服务系统[J].测绘通报,2004年08期,38-41.
[13]杨小军.虚拟参考站(VRS)技术与差分改正信息的研究[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2005年5月.
[14]过静瑶,王丽,张鹏.国内外连续运行基准站网新进展和应用展望[J].全球定位系统,2008年1月,1-10.
[15]陈俊勇.对我国建立现代大地坐标系统和高程系统的建议[J],测绘通报,2002年第8期,1-5.
[16]刘经南,刘晖.建立我国卫星定位连续运行站网的若干思考[J],武汉大学学报：信息科学版,Vol.28Special Issue,2003年5月：27-31.
[17]李健.卫星定位连续运行参考站网的系统架构及软件体系设计[D],中国人民解放军信息工程大学硕士学位论文.2007年4月.
[18]李成钢.基于多基站网络的VRS技术及其误差分析与建模[D],四川成都：西南交通大学,2003：25-28.
[19]柏柳,肖莺,胡友健.CORS的精度及其稳定性研究[J].河南理工大学学报(自然科学版),2005.08,25(4),283-288.
[20]陈俊勇,李京伟.走向21世纪的测绘技术创新[J].中国测绘,2000,(2).4-7.
[21]李征航,黄劲松.GPS测量与数据处理[M].武汉大学出版社,2005.
[22]李建成,姜卫平,秦政国,等.无锡市厘米级似大地水准面的研究[J].地理空间信息,2005,3(2)：1-5.
[23]张菊清.空间几何数据质量控制的理论与方法研究[D].长安大学博士学位论文.2009.6.
[24]张绍杰网络RTK定位原理与算法研究[D].山东科技大学硕士学位论文.2007.5.
[25][刘经南,刘众雄.GPS卫星定位技术进展[J].全球定位系统,2000(2)：1-7.
[26]刘经南,陈俊勇等.广域差分GPS原理和方法[M].北京：测绘出版社,1999.1：99-101.
[27]徕卡公司.徕卡网络型参考站白皮书.http://www.leica-geosystems.com.cn.
[28]吴星华,吕振业,JoelVanCranenbroeck,王贵武,吴俐民.徕卡最新主辅站技术在昆明市GPS参考站网中的应用[J].现代测绘：2005(S1)：252-259
[29]卢辉CORS系统的构建研究及其在江苏油田管线探测中的应用[D].西安科技大学硕士学位论文.2009.5
[30][45]刘彦芳,何建国等.几种网络RTK技术的比较分析[J].地理空间信息：2009年4月,7(2)：89-91.
[31]周乐韬,黄丁发,徐锐,高淑照.一种网络RTK新技术-增强参考站[J].武汉大学学报(信息科学版).2008.1,33(1)：77-80.
[32]高星伟,刘经南,李毓麟.网络RTK的轨道误差分析与消除[J].测绘科学,2005.4,30(2)：41-43.
[33]隆华平,胡友键,曾云.GPS连续运行参考站网络研究[J].全球定位系统,2005,(2) ：30-35.
[34]L.Dai, J.Wang, C. Rizos, S.Han, Predicting atmospheric biases for real-time ambiguity resolution in GPS/GLONASS reference station networks, Journal of Geodesy,2003,76:617-628.
[35]Liwen Dai.Shaowei Han,Jinling Wang. A study on GPS/GLONASS multiple reference station technigues for pricise Real-Time carrier phase-based positioning,ION GPS.2002.9,24-27, Portland, OR.
[36]Shaowei Han.Carrier Phase-Based Long-Range GPS Kinematics Positioning: Doctor Paper.School of Geomatic Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
[37]Wanninger. Real-Time Differential GPS Error Modeling in Regional Reference Station Networks,Proc.IAG Scientific Assembly,IAG Symp.118,Springer Verlag 86-92.
[38]Wubbena. Reducing distance dependent errors for real-time precise DGPS applications by establishing reference station networks,9th Int. Tech. Meeting of the satellite Div. of the U. S. Institute of Navigation, Kansas City, Missouri, 1996.9:17-20.
[39]Xiaoming Chen, Shaowei Han. Improving Real-Time Positioning Efficieny Using the Singopore Integrated Multiple Reference Station Networks (SIMRSN), ION GPS.2000.9, Salt Lake City, UT.
[40]JullePrusky.The Cooperative. CORS Program,PROFESSIONAL SURVEYOR, January 2001,http://www.profsury.eom/
[41]Richard A.Snay, the National and Cooperative CORS Systems in 2000 and Beyond, National Geodetic Survey, NOAA, ProeeedingsofIONGPS2000, September 2000, P19-22.
[42]National Imagery and Mapping Agency. Department of defense world geodetic system 1984:Its definition and relation ships with local geodetic system[R] National Imagery and Mapping Agency technical report 8350.2Third Edition.
[43]Spofford, P. R.&N.D. Weston (1998). National Geodetic Survey Continuously Operating Reference Station Project.Status and Plans. ACSM. Bulletin,172, 20-25.
[44]Xiao-Ming Chen, Improving Real Time Positioning Efficiency Using the Singapore Integrated Multiple Reference Station Network (SIMRSN), IONGPS2000, 19-22, September2000, Salt Lake City, UT.
[45]http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/CORS/
[46]RIZOS, C., HIGGINS, M.,&HEWITSON,5.2005. New GNSS developments and their impact on Survey service Providers and users. Spatial Sciences Conference, Melbourne, Australia,12-16September,1100-1113, CD-ROMP roes.
[47]NING Jin2sheng. Modern Geodetic Reference Systems [J]. Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2002,6:125-129.
[48]Leica Geosystems,(2005),"Take it to the MAX!-An introduction to the philosophy and technology behind Leica Geosystems' Spider NET revolutionary Network RTK software and algorithms", White Paper, Leica Geosystems, June 2005.
[49]N.Brown, I.Geisler, L. Troyer. RTK Rover Performance using the Master-Auxiliary Concept [J], Journal of Global Positioning Systems.2006.5.
[50]N.Brown, R. Keenan, B.Richter, L.Troyer, Leica Geosystems AG, Switzerland (2005) "Advances in ambiguity resolution for RTK applications using the new RTCM V3.0 Master-Auxiliary messages", Proc. ION GPS-2005, The Institute of Navigation, Alexandria, Amercal
[51]Wubbena, G., A. Bagge, M. Schmitz (2001). Network-Based Techniques for RTK Applications. Presented at the GPS Symposium, GPS JIN 2001, GPS Society, Japan Institute of Navigation, November 14-16.2001, Tokyo, Japan.
[52]Raquet J F, Lachapelle G.RTK Positioning with Multiple Reference Stations [J].GPS World,2001,12(4):33-48.
[53]Brown. N I.Geisler I,Troyer L.RTK Rover Performance using the Master-Auxiliary Concept[J]. Journal of Global Positioning Systems,2006,5(1-2)-.135-144.
[54]Euler H J, Keenan C R, Zebhauser B E, et al.Study of a Simplified Approach in Utilizing Information from Permanent Reference Station Arrays[C].ION GPS 2001,2001(9)11-14.
[55]Teunissen P J G. The Least-squares Ambiguity Decorrelation Adjustment:a Method for Fast GPS Integer Ambiguity Estimation [J]. J Geod,1995 (70):65-82.
[56]L. Dai,J. Wang,C. Rizos,S. Han,Predicting atmospheric biaambiguity resolution in GPS/GLONASS refenetworks[J]. Journal of Geodesy,2003,76:617-628.
[57]Mader, G.L., N.D.Weston, M.L.Morrison,& D.G...Milbert (2003).The Online Positioning User Service (OPUS), Professional Surveyor,23(5),26,28,30.
[58]G.R.Hu, H.5.Khoo, P.C.Goh, C.L.Law.Development and assessment of GPS virtual reference stations for RTK positioning [J].Journal of Geodesy,2003.
[59]K.-D. Park, R.S. Nerem, M.S. Schenewerk, J.L. Davis, Site-specific multipath characteristics of global IGS and CORS GPS sites. Journal of Geodesy, Volume 77, Issue 12, Jun 2004, Pages 799-803.
[60]http://www.epncb.oma.be/
[61]http://www.seis.ac.cn/manage/html/8a9080a125b29b1b0125b2a3093a0002/index.html
[62]张成军.虚拟参考站误差分析与算法研究[D].解放军信息工程大学硕士论文,2005.04.
[63]城市测量规范CJJ8-99.
[64]全球定位系统城市测量技术规程CJJ73-97.
[65]全球定位系统(GPS)测量规范GBT/T18314-2001.
[66]浙江省GPS-RTK测量技术规定(试行版)ZCB/001-2008.
[67]刘业光,欧海平,GPS网络RTK虚拟参考站技术在广州的应用前景初探[J].城市勘测,2002,40(2)：5-8.
[68]刘晖.地球空间信息网格及其在连续运行卫星定位网络中的应用研究[D].武汉大学博士学位论文,2005年5月.
[69]陈诗文,余银普.城市CORS系统及其质量检测探讨[J].测绘标准化,2009：25(1),7-9.
[70]施闯.大规模高精度GPS网平差与分析理论及其应用[M].测绘出版社,2002.