湘西少数民族传统木构民居现代适应性研究
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摘要
湘西少数民族传统木构民居近年来被大量的拆毁和遗弃,在现代社会遭遇了生存的困境,主要原因就在于民居的隔热保温性能差,内部没有现代的生活设施,这就导致了室内空气环境的舒适度低,居民在其中的生活不便利,也就不愿意使用和保护传统木构民居。
本文从民居动态保护的角度出发,研究湘西少数民族传统木构民居的现代适应性改良。在保护民居传统风貌、延续民族特殊生活方式的前提下,将现代的生活设施引入到传统木构民居中,提高民居内部生活的便利性；通过技术手段提高民居的隔热保温性能,改善其室内的空气环境。经过现代适应性改良,提高传统民居内的生活舒适度,使居民愿意继续使用和保护传统木构民居,在此基础上,继承和发扬传统民居的优势,研究具有民族传统风貌的新型木构民居,使湘西少数民族传统木构民居能够适应现代社会的需求,得以生存和发展。
文章首先分析湘西的自然、人文环境系统的基本状况,阐述湘西少数民族传统木构民居的自然、历史和社会背景。其次,通过大量的实地调研和现场测绘,论述了湘西苗族、土家族、侗族和瑶族传统木构民居的基本特征及各民族特殊的生活方式,提出了传统民居现代适应性改良所需要保护和保存的前提条件。接下来,通过现场调研和检测,论述传统木构民居的不足,提出了现代适应性改良要解决的具体问题。针对要解决的问题,选取各民族传统木构民居的典型进行分析,解决给水、排污、清洁能源来源、现代厨卫设施的引入等技术难点,提高民居室内的生活便利性。同时,通过专业软件的测试结果,按照统计学的方法进行最优化分析,确定隔热保温材料的种类和厚度,提出民居墙、地、顶等部位隔热保温改造的技术措施,改善民居室内的空气环境。在此基础上,研究具有民族传统风貌的新型木构民居的构造节点以及木材本身的强度、防腐和防火性能的改良技术,发展新型的木构民居,提出了湘西少数民族传统木构民居现代适应性改良的全套技术。最后,本文从建筑造价、建材来源、经济效益和生态效益等方面分析了这套技术使用和推广的可行性。
The western Hunan's minority of traditional wooden houses have been largely demolished and abandonded in recent years. The main reason for the survive of these houses facing the difficulttis encounterd lies in some reality, that the poor performance of residential insulation and there are no mordern amenities inside,which leads to indoor air envrioment is very uncomfortable. The lives of the residents'lives are inconvenient,which not willing to live and to protect the traditional wooden houses.
In order to put a dynamic protection of the vernacular dwelling, the arcticle is about the morden adaptability improvement of western Hunan's minority of traditional wooden houses. Under the premise of protection of traditional style houses and extending special way life,the morden living facilites should be introduced to the traditional wooden houses;the convenience of living within resdidential areas can be increased.Though the technical means,the thermal insulation performance of residential buildings and the indoor air enviroment can be improved largely. After the morden adaptability,the lives of the traditional local-style dwelling houses are much more comfortable than before,then the residents are willing to continue to use and protect tradional wooden houses. On this basis, inheriting and promoting the traditional local-style dwelling houses of advantages, the research is about a traditional style of new wooden houses, make sure the western Hunan's minorities traditional wooden houses can adapt to the needs of society, modern survival and development.
This paper first analyzes western Hunan's natural and humanisitic environment and expouds the natural、historical and social background of western Hunan's minorities traditional wooden houses. Secondly,through a lot of on-the-spot investigation and field mapping,it discusses the basic characteristics of the traditional wooden houses and the ethnic special way of the minorites' life, which including the Miao of western Hunan、Tujia、Dong and Yao. And it put forward the prerequisite of the protection and the preservation of morden adaptability to the tradional local-style dwelling houses. Next,though field investigation and inspection, it discusses the tradional wooden houses' shortages, and puts forward some practical issues of improvement for modern adaptation. For the issues to be solved, it selects the various ethnic groups typical of traditional wooden houses to analyze. This technical difficulties involve the water supply、water drainge、the sources of clean energy and the introduction of modern kitchen and toilet facilites.As the problems be solved the convenience of dwellings indoor life will be improved. Meanwhile,though professional software testing results,according to the statistical methods of optimization analysis, this paper confirms the types and thickness of the adiabatic materials and puts forward the adiabatic transformation technical measures of the areas such as wall、ground、top of residence,improve dwellings indoor air environment. On this basis, it reasearchs the tectonic node、the strength of the lumber and the antisepsis and fire performance improve technoloy of new wooden houses which have national traditional style, it puts forward a complete set of improved technology of modern adaptation of traditional wooden houses.Finally, from the construction cost, building material sources, econmic and ecological benefits and some other aspects, the article analysis the use of technology and the feasibility of promotion.
本文从民居动态保护的角度出发,研究湘西少数民族传统木构民居的现代适应性改良。在保护民居传统风貌、延续民族特殊生活方式的前提下,将现代的生活设施引入到传统木构民居中,提高民居内部生活的便利性；通过技术手段提高民居的隔热保温性能,改善其室内的空气环境。经过现代适应性改良,提高传统民居内的生活舒适度,使居民愿意继续使用和保护传统木构民居,在此基础上,继承和发扬传统民居的优势,研究具有民族传统风貌的新型木构民居,使湘西少数民族传统木构民居能够适应现代社会的需求,得以生存和发展。
文章首先分析湘西的自然、人文环境系统的基本状况,阐述湘西少数民族传统木构民居的自然、历史和社会背景。其次,通过大量的实地调研和现场测绘,论述了湘西苗族、土家族、侗族和瑶族传统木构民居的基本特征及各民族特殊的生活方式,提出了传统民居现代适应性改良所需要保护和保存的前提条件。接下来,通过现场调研和检测,论述传统木构民居的不足,提出了现代适应性改良要解决的具体问题。针对要解决的问题,选取各民族传统木构民居的典型进行分析,解决给水、排污、清洁能源来源、现代厨卫设施的引入等技术难点,提高民居室内的生活便利性。同时,通过专业软件的测试结果,按照统计学的方法进行最优化分析,确定隔热保温材料的种类和厚度,提出民居墙、地、顶等部位隔热保温改造的技术措施,改善民居室内的空气环境。在此基础上,研究具有民族传统风貌的新型木构民居的构造节点以及木材本身的强度、防腐和防火性能的改良技术,发展新型的木构民居,提出了湘西少数民族传统木构民居现代适应性改良的全套技术。最后,本文从建筑造价、建材来源、经济效益和生态效益等方面分析了这套技术使用和推广的可行性。
The western Hunan's minority of traditional wooden houses have been largely demolished and abandonded in recent years. The main reason for the survive of these houses facing the difficulttis encounterd lies in some reality, that the poor performance of residential insulation and there are no mordern amenities inside,which leads to indoor air envrioment is very uncomfortable. The lives of the residents'lives are inconvenient,which not willing to live and to protect the traditional wooden houses.
In order to put a dynamic protection of the vernacular dwelling, the arcticle is about the morden adaptability improvement of western Hunan's minority of traditional wooden houses. Under the premise of protection of traditional style houses and extending special way life,the morden living facilites should be introduced to the traditional wooden houses;the convenience of living within resdidential areas can be increased.Though the technical means,the thermal insulation performance of residential buildings and the indoor air enviroment can be improved largely. After the morden adaptability,the lives of the traditional local-style dwelling houses are much more comfortable than before,then the residents are willing to continue to use and protect tradional wooden houses. On this basis, inheriting and promoting the traditional local-style dwelling houses of advantages, the research is about a traditional style of new wooden houses, make sure the western Hunan's minorities traditional wooden houses can adapt to the needs of society, modern survival and development.
This paper first analyzes western Hunan's natural and humanisitic environment and expouds the natural、historical and social background of western Hunan's minorities traditional wooden houses. Secondly,through a lot of on-the-spot investigation and field mapping,it discusses the basic characteristics of the traditional wooden houses and the ethnic special way of the minorites' life, which including the Miao of western Hunan、Tujia、Dong and Yao. And it put forward the prerequisite of the protection and the preservation of morden adaptability to the tradional local-style dwelling houses. Next,though field investigation and inspection, it discusses the tradional wooden houses' shortages, and puts forward some practical issues of improvement for modern adaptation. For the issues to be solved, it selects the various ethnic groups typical of traditional wooden houses to analyze. This technical difficulties involve the water supply、water drainge、the sources of clean energy and the introduction of modern kitchen and toilet facilites.As the problems be solved the convenience of dwellings indoor life will be improved. Meanwhile,though professional software testing results,according to the statistical methods of optimization analysis, this paper confirms the types and thickness of the adiabatic materials and puts forward the adiabatic transformation technical measures of the areas such as wall、ground、top of residence,improve dwellings indoor air environment. On this basis, it reasearchs the tectonic node、the strength of the lumber and the antisepsis and fire performance improve technoloy of new wooden houses which have national traditional style, it puts forward a complete set of improved technology of modern adaptation of traditional wooden houses.Finally, from the construction cost, building material sources, econmic and ecological benefits and some other aspects, the article analysis the use of technology and the feasibility of promotion.
引文
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