基于三维扫描输入的鞋楦建模和变形技术研究及实现
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摘要
鞋楦是整个制鞋过程中必不可少的模具,优化鞋楦的设计对整个制鞋过程有着重要意义。为了满足鞋楦设计,本文提出通过对三维扫描鞋楦数据的预处理,得到数字化三维鞋楦模型,对该模型进行曲面生成和变形等设计,将处理完成后的鞋楦数据输出到快速成型机生产出鞋楦,从而实现了不同需求的定制。
三维鞋楦模型数字化是实现三维鞋楦建模的第一步。本文第二章描述了鞋楦数字化模型获取、模型表示及特征识别。通过三维扫描获取点云数据,利用Geomagic工具将点云数据转化为三角网格模型,并以指定的文件格式保存。鞋楦CAD系统读入扫描鞋楦数据文件,通过特征识别,得到具有正确特征信息的扫描鞋楦模型。
三维鞋楦模型建构是鞋楦设计的基础。预处理得到的鞋楦模型是以三角网格形式连接的散乱数据点集,不利于鞋楦变形等处理,需要将其转换为具有规则网格结构的三维鞋楦模型。论文第三章提出一种基于截面环的三维鞋楦建模技术,并详细阐述了模型曲面生成的整个过程,包括三维鞋楦模型曲面的分片生成、曲面拼接、表面光顺处理、表面误差控制等环节。建模后的鞋楦既保持了原始模型的表面特征,又能够极大地提高鞋楦变形处理的算法效率。
三维鞋楦模型的变形处理是鞋楦设计的关键。第四章论述了基于特征尺寸、模板和草图三种驱动方式的鞋楦变形技术。基于特征尺寸驱动的鞋楦曲面变形以提取的特征尺寸驱动模型进行参数化变形。基于模板驱动的鞋楦曲面变形利用标准模型进行插值而进行变形。基于草图驱动的鞋楦曲面变形是以约束关系为基础,通过拖动草图上的控制点来驱动鞋楦模型变形。
基于上述研究内容,本文开发了一个鞋楦CAD系统。论文第五章介绍了该系统的开发环境、工作流程,同时给出了上述研究工作的实例。
最后,对项目课题研究的发展前景从技术上和应用上作了展望。
Shoe-last is the essential mold in the entire shoe-making process, so to optimize the design of shoe-last for the entire shoe-making process is of great significance. In order to meet the needs of the shoe-last design, the paper has proposed that obtaining the digitized three dimensional model of shoe-last by the preprocessing for three-dimensional scan data of shoe-last, carrying on designs such as surfaces generated and deformation for the model, the data of shoe-last after the completion is exported to the rapid prototyping machine, and customizations of the shoe-last according to different needs are realized.
The digitization of three-dimensional shoe-last model is the first step to achieve the three-dimensional shoe-last modeling. In this paper, the second chapter describes the capture, the model expression and the feature recognition of the shoe-last digitization model. Cloud data are obtained by three-dimensional scanning, and then the cloud data are converted into the triangle grid model using the Geomagic tool, and the datum are preserved in some format. Shoe-last CAD system gets the data file of scanning shoe-last, and obtains the scanning shoe-last model, which has the correct characteristic information through the feature recognition.
The construction of three-dimensional model for shoe-last is the basis of designing shoe-last. The model of shoe-last being preprocessed, is made up of disordered data set of points that are connected by triangular mesh, which is not in favor of processing for shoe-last such as deforming and so on, so it is necessary to transform it into the three-dimensional model of shoe-last that is made up of regular mesh. In Chapter 3 of the paper, a modeling technology of three-dimensional shoe-last based on the section link is presented, and the entire process of model surface production is elaborated in detail, including the processes of the sub-surface-generation of three-dimensional shoe-last model, surface splicing, smoothing the surface, controlling the surface errors and so on. After modeling of shoe-last, not only the surface features of the original model can be maintained, but also the algorithm efficiency of shoe-last distortion processing can be enormously enhanced.
Deformation of three-dimensional shoe-last model is crucial to the design of shoe-last. The fourth chapter elaborates three kinds of driving deformation technology for shoe-last that are separately based on the characteristic size, the template, and the sketch. The deformation of surface for shoe-last based on feature size driving is a method that carries on the parameterizations of the model-driven deformation by the extracted feature size. The shoe-last deformation of surface which is based on the template-driven carries on deformation by using the interpolation of the standard models. Deformation of the shoe-last surface based on the draft-drive is based on the constrain solution, and actuates the model deformation of shoe-last through dragging the control point.
Based on the research content above, we have developed a Shoe-last CAD system. Chapter 5 of the paper introduces the development environment and the work flow of this system. The example of the research work above is given simultaneously.
Finally, the prospect of the project research is forecast from the aspects of technology and application.
三维鞋楦模型数字化是实现三维鞋楦建模的第一步。本文第二章描述了鞋楦数字化模型获取、模型表示及特征识别。通过三维扫描获取点云数据,利用Geomagic工具将点云数据转化为三角网格模型,并以指定的文件格式保存。鞋楦CAD系统读入扫描鞋楦数据文件,通过特征识别,得到具有正确特征信息的扫描鞋楦模型。
三维鞋楦模型建构是鞋楦设计的基础。预处理得到的鞋楦模型是以三角网格形式连接的散乱数据点集,不利于鞋楦变形等处理,需要将其转换为具有规则网格结构的三维鞋楦模型。论文第三章提出一种基于截面环的三维鞋楦建模技术,并详细阐述了模型曲面生成的整个过程,包括三维鞋楦模型曲面的分片生成、曲面拼接、表面光顺处理、表面误差控制等环节。建模后的鞋楦既保持了原始模型的表面特征,又能够极大地提高鞋楦变形处理的算法效率。
三维鞋楦模型的变形处理是鞋楦设计的关键。第四章论述了基于特征尺寸、模板和草图三种驱动方式的鞋楦变形技术。基于特征尺寸驱动的鞋楦曲面变形以提取的特征尺寸驱动模型进行参数化变形。基于模板驱动的鞋楦曲面变形利用标准模型进行插值而进行变形。基于草图驱动的鞋楦曲面变形是以约束关系为基础,通过拖动草图上的控制点来驱动鞋楦模型变形。
基于上述研究内容,本文开发了一个鞋楦CAD系统。论文第五章介绍了该系统的开发环境、工作流程,同时给出了上述研究工作的实例。
最后,对项目课题研究的发展前景从技术上和应用上作了展望。
Shoe-last is the essential mold in the entire shoe-making process, so to optimize the design of shoe-last for the entire shoe-making process is of great significance. In order to meet the needs of the shoe-last design, the paper has proposed that obtaining the digitized three dimensional model of shoe-last by the preprocessing for three-dimensional scan data of shoe-last, carrying on designs such as surfaces generated and deformation for the model, the data of shoe-last after the completion is exported to the rapid prototyping machine, and customizations of the shoe-last according to different needs are realized.
The digitization of three-dimensional shoe-last model is the first step to achieve the three-dimensional shoe-last modeling. In this paper, the second chapter describes the capture, the model expression and the feature recognition of the shoe-last digitization model. Cloud data are obtained by three-dimensional scanning, and then the cloud data are converted into the triangle grid model using the Geomagic tool, and the datum are preserved in some format. Shoe-last CAD system gets the data file of scanning shoe-last, and obtains the scanning shoe-last model, which has the correct characteristic information through the feature recognition.
The construction of three-dimensional model for shoe-last is the basis of designing shoe-last. The model of shoe-last being preprocessed, is made up of disordered data set of points that are connected by triangular mesh, which is not in favor of processing for shoe-last such as deforming and so on, so it is necessary to transform it into the three-dimensional model of shoe-last that is made up of regular mesh. In Chapter 3 of the paper, a modeling technology of three-dimensional shoe-last based on the section link is presented, and the entire process of model surface production is elaborated in detail, including the processes of the sub-surface-generation of three-dimensional shoe-last model, surface splicing, smoothing the surface, controlling the surface errors and so on. After modeling of shoe-last, not only the surface features of the original model can be maintained, but also the algorithm efficiency of shoe-last distortion processing can be enormously enhanced.
Deformation of three-dimensional shoe-last model is crucial to the design of shoe-last. The fourth chapter elaborates three kinds of driving deformation technology for shoe-last that are separately based on the characteristic size, the template, and the sketch. The deformation of surface for shoe-last based on feature size driving is a method that carries on the parameterizations of the model-driven deformation by the extracted feature size. The shoe-last deformation of surface which is based on the template-driven carries on deformation by using the interpolation of the standard models. Deformation of the shoe-last surface based on the draft-drive is based on the constrain solution, and actuates the model deformation of shoe-last through dragging the control point.
Based on the research content above, we have developed a Shoe-last CAD system. Chapter 5 of the paper introduces the development environment and the work flow of this system. The example of the research work above is given simultaneously.
Finally, the prospect of the project research is forecast from the aspects of technology and application.
引文
[1].樊世彬.鞋帮CAD的策略及其实现[J].制鞋科技,1992,1:11-15
[2].王剑.鞋楦CAD中定制鞋楦造型和修改技术研究及应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004
[3].Leon Kos,Joe Duhovnik.A System for footwear fitting analysis[C]//International design Conference-DESIGN 2002,2002
[4].王晓林.计算机辅助鞋楦三维轮廓测量技术研究及其系统实现[D].重庆:重庆大学,1997
[5].Vorum[OL].http://www.vorum.com
[6].达尔康DELCAM[OL].http://www.delcam.com
[7].Crispin[OL].http://www.crispindynamics.com
[8].Shoemaster[OL].http://www.shoemaster.co.uk
[9].Newlast公司[OL].http://www.newlast.com
[10].江卓达.鞋楦设计制造的现状和对策[J].机床与液压,2004,2:1-4,70
[11].TEBIS-The Complete Solution for Tool,Die,Mold,and Pattern Manufacturing,Tebis Technishe Informations system,Germany,1994
[12].Work-NC User Guide,Sescoi,France,1993
[13].Clicks User Manual,ARGO Tech.,Japan,1990
[14].Z-Master Reference Manual,Cubic Tek,Korea,1992
[15].李坤.皮鞋鞋楦CAD/CAM技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,1998
[16].贾庆锋.鞋楦CAD/CAM技术研究[D].成都:四川大学,2003
[17].王希.数控刻楦机及其CAD/CAM系统研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2001
[18].袁亮,沙启桃.鞋楦的三维图示及楦面的展平[J].东南大学学报,1989,19(3)
[19].高潮,李姣,郭永彩.鞋楦CAD中的鞋楦建模与局部修改技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,9(14):890-893
[20].耿卫东,潘云鹤,王青,等.综合三维脚型全局参数和局部横截面调整的个性化鞋楦模型生成方法:中国,101103854[P].2007-04-03
[21].激光鞋楦扫描仪[OL].http://www.xinaomdt.com
[22].湖南奥斯曼鞋楦博士三维鞋楦设计系统[OL].http://www.shoesdr.com
[23].蒋超.基于特征和约束的逆向建模技术在鞋楦设计中的应用[D].镇江:江苏大学, 2005
[24].陈国学,等.鞋楦设计[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2005.8
[25].刘之生,黄纯颖.反求工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[26].金涛,童水光,等.逆向工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[27].乌秀春,郭东明,等.三维复杂曲面快速测量新方法[J].机械与电子,2001,4:7-10
[28].天远三维扫描仪.北京天远三维科技有限公司,www.3Dscan.com.cn.
[29].陆国栋,陈健,等.基于CAD/CAM集成的鞋楦快速逆向成型技术研究[J].机械工程学报,2006,33(9):28-30,40
[30].李仁举,钟约先,由志福等.三维测量系统中摄像机的定标技术[J].清华大学学报,2002,42(4):481-493
[31].陈吉象.代数拓扑基础讲义[M].1版.北京:高等教育出版社,1987
[32].张瑞云,李汝勤.服装CAD中三维人体数据处理与曲面拟合[J].中国纺织大学学报,2000,26(2):50-52
[33].Wang Charlie C L,Chang Terry K K,Yuen Matthew M F.From laser-scanned data to feature human model:A system based on fuzzy logical concept[J].Computer-Aided Design,2003,35(3):241-253
[34].Schroder,W.,Zarge,J.,Lorensen,W.Decimation of triangle meshes[J].Computer Graphics,1992,26(2):65-70
[35].Hoppe,H.,DeRose,T.,Duchamp,T.,et al.Mesh optimization[C]//In:Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH'93.1993.http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/hoppe93mesh.html
[36].Hamann,B.A data reduction scheme for triangulated surface[J].Computer Aided Geometric Design,1994,11(2):197-214.
[37].Kalvin,A.D.,Taylor,R.H.Surperfaces:polygonal mesh simplification with bounded error[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,1996,16(3):64-77
[38].黄成华.基于草图驱动的服装造型和变形技术研究与应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007
[39].王媚.服装CAD中三维人体建模与变形技术的研究及应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006
[40].王立涛,贾明.能量法曲面光顺技术研究与探索[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(1):110-112
[41].李光明,田捷,何晖光,等.基于距离均衡化的网格平滑算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(9):820-823
[42].J Vollmer,R Mencl,H Muller Improved Laplacian smoothing of noisy surface meshes[J].Computer Graphics Forum,1999,18(3):131-138
[43].Barr A H.Global and local deformation of solid primitives[J].Computer Graphics,1984,18(3):21-30
[44].Sederberg T W,Parry S R.Free-form deformation of solid geometric models[J].Computer Graphics,1986,20(4):151-160
[45].Coquillart S.Extended free-form deformation:A sculpturing tool for 3D modeling[J].Computer Graphics,1990,24(4):187-196
[46].Hsu W M,Hughes J F,Kaufman H.Direct manipulation of free-form deformation[J].Computer Graphics,1992,26(4):177-184
[47].Kalra P,Mangili A,Thalmann N M,Thalmann D.Simulation of facial muscle actors based on rational free-form deformation[J].EUROGRAPHICS'92,Computer Graphics Forum,1992,2(3):59-69
[48].Lamousin H J,Waggenspack W N.NURBS-based free-form deformations.IEEE Computer Graphics and Application,1994,14(6):59-65
[49].MacCracken R,Joy K I.Free-form deformations with lattices of arbitrary topology[C]//Computer Graphics Proceedings,Annual Conference Series,ACM SIGGRAPH,New Orleans,August,1996:181-189
[50].GB/T 3293-1982[S].中国鞋号及鞋楦系列,1982
[51].毛维明.个性化扫描人体变形与拼接建模研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007
[52].Wang Jin,Lu Guo-dong,Chen Long,Zhang Dong-liang.3D garment surface design using sketch-based modeling method[C]//International Technology and Innovation Conference 2006(ITIC 2006).(CP524),2006:726-732
[53].朱心雄,等.自由曲线曲面造型技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000
[54].SPEDA3000激光切纸式快速成型机[OL].上海富奇凡机电科技有限公司.http://www.fochif.com.
[2].王剑.鞋楦CAD中定制鞋楦造型和修改技术研究及应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2004
[3].Leon Kos,Joe Duhovnik.A System for footwear fitting analysis[C]//International design Conference-DESIGN 2002,2002
[4].王晓林.计算机辅助鞋楦三维轮廓测量技术研究及其系统实现[D].重庆:重庆大学,1997
[5].Vorum[OL].http://www.vorum.com
[6].达尔康DELCAM[OL].http://www.delcam.com
[7].Crispin[OL].http://www.crispindynamics.com
[8].Shoemaster[OL].http://www.shoemaster.co.uk
[9].Newlast公司[OL].http://www.newlast.com
[10].江卓达.鞋楦设计制造的现状和对策[J].机床与液压,2004,2:1-4,70
[11].TEBIS-The Complete Solution for Tool,Die,Mold,and Pattern Manufacturing,Tebis Technishe Informations system,Germany,1994
[12].Work-NC User Guide,Sescoi,France,1993
[13].Clicks User Manual,ARGO Tech.,Japan,1990
[14].Z-Master Reference Manual,Cubic Tek,Korea,1992
[15].李坤.皮鞋鞋楦CAD/CAM技术研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,1998
[16].贾庆锋.鞋楦CAD/CAM技术研究[D].成都:四川大学,2003
[17].王希.数控刻楦机及其CAD/CAM系统研究[D].重庆:重庆大学,2001
[18].袁亮,沙启桃.鞋楦的三维图示及楦面的展平[J].东南大学学报,1989,19(3)
[19].高潮,李姣,郭永彩.鞋楦CAD中的鞋楦建模与局部修改技术[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,9(14):890-893
[20].耿卫东,潘云鹤,王青,等.综合三维脚型全局参数和局部横截面调整的个性化鞋楦模型生成方法:中国,101103854[P].2007-04-03
[21].激光鞋楦扫描仪[OL].http://www.xinaomdt.com
[22].湖南奥斯曼鞋楦博士三维鞋楦设计系统[OL].http://www.shoesdr.com
[23].蒋超.基于特征和约束的逆向建模技术在鞋楦设计中的应用[D].镇江:江苏大学, 2005
[24].陈国学,等.鞋楦设计[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2005.8
[25].刘之生,黄纯颖.反求工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992
[26].金涛,童水光,等.逆向工程技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[27].乌秀春,郭东明,等.三维复杂曲面快速测量新方法[J].机械与电子,2001,4:7-10
[28].天远三维扫描仪.北京天远三维科技有限公司,www.3Dscan.com.cn.
[29].陆国栋,陈健,等.基于CAD/CAM集成的鞋楦快速逆向成型技术研究[J].机械工程学报,2006,33(9):28-30,40
[30].李仁举,钟约先,由志福等.三维测量系统中摄像机的定标技术[J].清华大学学报,2002,42(4):481-493
[31].陈吉象.代数拓扑基础讲义[M].1版.北京:高等教育出版社,1987
[32].张瑞云,李汝勤.服装CAD中三维人体数据处理与曲面拟合[J].中国纺织大学学报,2000,26(2):50-52
[33].Wang Charlie C L,Chang Terry K K,Yuen Matthew M F.From laser-scanned data to feature human model:A system based on fuzzy logical concept[J].Computer-Aided Design,2003,35(3):241-253
[34].Schroder,W.,Zarge,J.,Lorensen,W.Decimation of triangle meshes[J].Computer Graphics,1992,26(2):65-70
[35].Hoppe,H.,DeRose,T.,Duchamp,T.,et al.Mesh optimization[C]//In:Proceedings of the SIGGRAPH'93.1993.http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/hoppe93mesh.html
[36].Hamann,B.A data reduction scheme for triangulated surface[J].Computer Aided Geometric Design,1994,11(2):197-214.
[37].Kalvin,A.D.,Taylor,R.H.Surperfaces:polygonal mesh simplification with bounded error[J].IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,1996,16(3):64-77
[38].黄成华.基于草图驱动的服装造型和变形技术研究与应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007
[39].王媚.服装CAD中三维人体建模与变形技术的研究及应用[D].杭州:浙江大学,2006
[40].王立涛,贾明.能量法曲面光顺技术研究与探索[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(1):110-112
[41].李光明,田捷,何晖光,等.基于距离均衡化的网格平滑算法[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2002,14(9):820-823
[42].J Vollmer,R Mencl,H Muller Improved Laplacian smoothing of noisy surface meshes[J].Computer Graphics Forum,1999,18(3):131-138
[43].Barr A H.Global and local deformation of solid primitives[J].Computer Graphics,1984,18(3):21-30
[44].Sederberg T W,Parry S R.Free-form deformation of solid geometric models[J].Computer Graphics,1986,20(4):151-160
[45].Coquillart S.Extended free-form deformation:A sculpturing tool for 3D modeling[J].Computer Graphics,1990,24(4):187-196
[46].Hsu W M,Hughes J F,Kaufman H.Direct manipulation of free-form deformation[J].Computer Graphics,1992,26(4):177-184
[47].Kalra P,Mangili A,Thalmann N M,Thalmann D.Simulation of facial muscle actors based on rational free-form deformation[J].EUROGRAPHICS'92,Computer Graphics Forum,1992,2(3):59-69
[48].Lamousin H J,Waggenspack W N.NURBS-based free-form deformations.IEEE Computer Graphics and Application,1994,14(6):59-65
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