基于LINUX平台的服务器集群的架构和实现性研究
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摘要
服务器集群是一组用高性能网络连接起来的独立的服务器的集合。它们能够
协同工作，共同处理INTERNET上日益增长的客户请求。它具有良好的可获用
性，可伸缩性以及优秀的性能价格比，是当前服务器技术的热点。本文阐述了目
前服务器技术的发展方向、服务器集群的背景。最先介绍了采用文档迁移方法实
现的应用层服务器集群。然后对LINUX的中心式集群—LINUX VIRTUAL
SEVER和分布式集群—DPR技术作了深入分析。最后在实验室测试评估的过程
中，作者提出了服务器集群新方案。
Server cluster is a set of autonomous servers connected by high performance
networks, which can work co-operatively to process the more and more request from
client with the explosive increment of Internet. Due to its high availability, high
scalability and excellent performance-price ratio, server cluster has became a hot
point of modern server technology. This paper formulated the development direction
of server technology and the background of server cluster. It introduced an prototype
of cluster implemented on application layer by means of document migration, and
analyzed the centralized cluster-LVS and the distributed cluster-DPR of LINUX
platform. During performance test of LVS via NAT, the author proposed new solution
for server cluster.
协同工作，共同处理INTERNET上日益增长的客户请求。它具有良好的可获用
性，可伸缩性以及优秀的性能价格比，是当前服务器技术的热点。本文阐述了目
前服务器技术的发展方向、服务器集群的背景。最先介绍了采用文档迁移方法实
现的应用层服务器集群。然后对LINUX的中心式集群—LINUX VIRTUAL
SEVER和分布式集群—DPR技术作了深入分析。最后在实验室测试评估的过程
中，作者提出了服务器集群新方案。
Server cluster is a set of autonomous servers connected by high performance
networks, which can work co-operatively to process the more and more request from
client with the explosive increment of Internet. Due to its high availability, high
scalability and excellent performance-price ratio, server cluster has became a hot
point of modern server technology. This paper formulated the development direction
of server technology and the background of server cluster. It introduced an prototype
of cluster implemented on application layer by means of document migration, and
analyzed the centralized cluster-LVS and the distributed cluster-DPR of LINUX
platform. During performance test of LVS via NAT, the author proposed new solution
for server cluster.
引文
1． “WEB 交换机为数据中心加速”。On line at http：／／www.computerworld.com．cn／99／week/9923／9923c01． asp。计算机世界 报，1999
2． 黎 康 保 ， 计 算 机 世 界 报 http：／／www.computerworld．com．cn／2000/week/0008／0008c01． asp 2000． 3
3． 朱世进，《基于PVM／Cluster任务迁移和任务调度的研究》电子科技大学 硕士毕业论文。2000． 1
4． Eric Dean Katz，Michelle Butler,and Robert McGrath．A scalable HTTP server：The NCSA prototype．Computer Networks and ISDN Systems， 27：155-164，1994．
5． D．M．Dias，W.Kish, R．Mukherjee，and R．Tewari．A scalable and highly available web server. In Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON Conference on Technologies for the Information Superhighway,pages 85-92，February 1996．
6． Daniel Andresen, Tao Yang, and Oscar H. Ibarra. Toward a scalable distributed WWW server on workstation clusters. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 42:91-100,1997．
7． D. Andresen, T. Yang, O. Egecioglu, O. Ibarra, and T. Smith. Scalability issues for high performance digital libraries on the world wide web. In Proceedings of ADL'96 Forum on Research and Technology Advances in Digital Libraries, pages 91-100, Washington D.C., May 1996．
8． Cisco System. Scaling the Internet web servers, November 1997． White Paper.
9． Azer Bestavros, Mark Crovella, Jun Liu, and David Martin. Distributed packet rewriting and its application to scalable server architectures. Technical Report TR-98-003, Boston University, Boston, MA, February 1998．
10． Scott M. Baker and Bongki Moon., 《Distributed Cooperative Web Servers》 . http://www.cs.arizona.edu/dcws
11． 张文嵩 linux虚拟服务器项目 linux virtual sever project HTTP://WWW.LINUX-VS/ORG
12． 国家智能计算机研发中心，曙光信息产业有限公司《服务器操作系统-现状和选型》1999． 7
13． K．Egevang，P. Francish 《The Network Address Translator(NAT)》
RFC1631．
14． W.Simpson , 《IP in IP Tunneling 》RFC 1853 October 1995
15． Eric Anderson, David Patterson, and Eric Brewer. "The MagicRouter: An application of fast packetinterposing." Available from http://HTTP.CS.Berkeley.EDU/-eanders/projects/magicrouter/osdi96-mr-sub mission.ps, May 1996．
16． Daniel M. Dias, William Kish, Rajat Mukherjee, and Renu Tewari, "A Scalable and Highly Available Web Server", Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON'96．
17． A. Bestavros, M. Crovella, J. Liu, and D. Martin "Distributed Packet Rewriting and its Application to Scalable Web Server Architectures," in Proceedings of ICNP'98: The 6th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, (Austin, TX), October 1998．
18． C. Perkins. "IETF RFC2003: IP Encapsulation within IP". Available from Http://ds.intemic.net/rfc/rfc2003． txt
19． S. Deering. "IETF RFC1112: Host Extensions for IP Multicasting" . Available from Http://ds. intemic.net/rfc/rfcl 112． txt
20． Linux Virtual Server Project. How virtual server works? http://www. linux-vs. org/how. html
2． 黎 康 保 ， 计 算 机 世 界 报 http：／／www.computerworld．com．cn／2000/week/0008／0008c01． asp 2000． 3
3． 朱世进，《基于PVM／Cluster任务迁移和任务调度的研究》电子科技大学 硕士毕业论文。2000． 1
4． Eric Dean Katz，Michelle Butler,and Robert McGrath．A scalable HTTP server：The NCSA prototype．Computer Networks and ISDN Systems， 27：155-164，1994．
5． D．M．Dias，W.Kish, R．Mukherjee，and R．Tewari．A scalable and highly available web server. In Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON Conference on Technologies for the Information Superhighway,pages 85-92，February 1996．
6． Daniel Andresen, Tao Yang, and Oscar H. Ibarra. Toward a scalable distributed WWW server on workstation clusters. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 42:91-100,1997．
7． D. Andresen, T. Yang, O. Egecioglu, O. Ibarra, and T. Smith. Scalability issues for high performance digital libraries on the world wide web. In Proceedings of ADL'96 Forum on Research and Technology Advances in Digital Libraries, pages 91-100, Washington D.C., May 1996．
8． Cisco System. Scaling the Internet web servers, November 1997． White Paper.
9． Azer Bestavros, Mark Crovella, Jun Liu, and David Martin. Distributed packet rewriting and its application to scalable server architectures. Technical Report TR-98-003, Boston University, Boston, MA, February 1998．
10． Scott M. Baker and Bongki Moon., 《Distributed Cooperative Web Servers》 . http://www.cs.arizona.edu/dcws
11． 张文嵩 linux虚拟服务器项目 linux virtual sever project HTTP://WWW.LINUX-VS/ORG
12． 国家智能计算机研发中心，曙光信息产业有限公司《服务器操作系统-现状和选型》1999． 7
13． K．Egevang，P. Francish 《The Network Address Translator(NAT)》
RFC1631．
14． W.Simpson , 《IP in IP Tunneling 》RFC 1853 October 1995
15． Eric Anderson, David Patterson, and Eric Brewer. "The MagicRouter: An application of fast packetinterposing." Available from http://HTTP.CS.Berkeley.EDU/-eanders/projects/magicrouter/osdi96-mr-sub mission.ps, May 1996．
16． Daniel M. Dias, William Kish, Rajat Mukherjee, and Renu Tewari, "A Scalable and Highly Available Web Server", Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON'96．
17． A. Bestavros, M. Crovella, J. Liu, and D. Martin "Distributed Packet Rewriting and its Application to Scalable Web Server Architectures," in Proceedings of ICNP'98: The 6th IEEE International Conference on Network Protocols, (Austin, TX), October 1998．
18． C. Perkins. "IETF RFC2003: IP Encapsulation within IP". Available from Http://ds.intemic.net/rfc/rfc2003． txt
19． S. Deering. "IETF RFC1112: Host Extensions for IP Multicasting" . Available from Http://ds. intemic.net/rfc/rfcl 112． txt
20． Linux Virtual Server Project. How virtual server works? http://www. linux-vs. org/how. html