禽病原性大肠杆菌的生物学特性及其可能毒力相关基因的鉴定
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摘要
禽大肠杆菌病(Avian Colibacillosis)是指部分或全部由禽病原性大肠杆菌(Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli, APEC)所引起的局部或全身性感染的疾病,包括大肠杆菌性败血症、大肠杆菌肉芽肿(Hjarre氏病)、气囊病(慢性呼吸道病, CRD)、禽蜂窝织炎、肿头综合症、腹膜炎、输卵管炎、滑膜炎、全眼球炎及脐炎/卵黄囊感染。禽大肠杆菌病是2至12周龄鸡和火鸡的一种常见传染病,给养禽业造成了严重的经济损失。大肠杆菌血清型复杂多样,在禽类中最常见的血清型是O1、O2和O78。本研究旨在收集不同地区、不同时间和不同群体更多的分离株基础上,了解我国禽大肠杆菌病的流行病学,分离和鉴定APEC可能的毒力相关基因,同时结合其生物学特性,为深入研究该病的致病机理和特异防制措施奠定基础。
1.我国部分地区禽源大肠杆菌的分离与鉴定
从我国江苏、上海、山东、陕西、河南、广东、浙江、新疆、湖北、天津、北京、安徽、四川、贵州、内蒙古、山西、重庆、甘肃、黑龙江、广西等20个省、市、自治区临诊上典型大肠杆菌病病变的病、死家禽中分离到大肠杆菌1351株,通过玻板凝集和试管凝集试验,除236株未能定型、28株自凝外,测定出1087个分离株的血清型,这些分离株覆盖了101个血清型,其中以O78、O2、O18、O36、O1、O4、O107、O11、O15、O88、O127、O14、O6、O26、O138、O91、O9、O60和O131等19个血清型为主,占定型菌株的74.3% (808/1087),为我国部分地区禽源大肠杆菌的常见血清型,其中O78血清型分离株占定型菌株的24.9% (271/1087),为禽源大肠杆菌最主要的血清型。同时这19个血清型也是健康家禽泄殖腔分离株的重要血清型,占分离株的42.0% (55/131),但临床分离株比泄殖腔分离株在这19个血清型间的出现频率高,差异极显著(P<0.01),而且O14、O18、O36、O60和O138等5个血清型几乎只出现于临床分离株中,而在泄殖腔样品所
Colibacillosis refers to any localized or systemic infection caused entirely or partly by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), including septicaemia, granuloma (Hjarre’s disease), air sac disease, chronic respiratory disease (CRD), avian cellulitis, swollen head syndrome, peritonitis, salpingitis, osteomyelitis/synovitis, panophthalmitis, and omphalitis/yolk sac infection. Colibacillosis in mammals is most often a primary enteric disease, whereas colibacillosis in poultry is typically a secondary localized or systemic disease occurring when host defence has been impaired or overwhelmed. Collectively, infections caused by Escherichia coli (E.coli) are responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry in many parts of the world. The pioneer serological surveys indicate that the majority of avian septicaemic E.coli strains belong to a limited number of O serogroups (O1, O2, and O78). Analysis of the involvement of these potential virulence factors using experimental models of infection just began during the past few years. Nevertheless, all the actual roles of the known virulence factors are not fully elucidated and certain steps of the infection process have not been related to previously identified factors. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which avian pathogenic E.coli cause infection are largely unknown.
1. Isolation and identification of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in China
We investigated 1351 E.coli isolates collected from visceral organs of poultry having died from colibacillosis from 20 provinces in China. Among these E.coli isolates,
1.我国部分地区禽源大肠杆菌的分离与鉴定
从我国江苏、上海、山东、陕西、河南、广东、浙江、新疆、湖北、天津、北京、安徽、四川、贵州、内蒙古、山西、重庆、甘肃、黑龙江、广西等20个省、市、自治区临诊上典型大肠杆菌病病变的病、死家禽中分离到大肠杆菌1351株,通过玻板凝集和试管凝集试验,除236株未能定型、28株自凝外,测定出1087个分离株的血清型,这些分离株覆盖了101个血清型,其中以O78、O2、O18、O36、O1、O4、O107、O11、O15、O88、O127、O14、O6、O26、O138、O91、O9、O60和O131等19个血清型为主,占定型菌株的74.3% (808/1087),为我国部分地区禽源大肠杆菌的常见血清型,其中O78血清型分离株占定型菌株的24.9% (271/1087),为禽源大肠杆菌最主要的血清型。同时这19个血清型也是健康家禽泄殖腔分离株的重要血清型,占分离株的42.0% (55/131),但临床分离株比泄殖腔分离株在这19个血清型间的出现频率高,差异极显著(P<0.01),而且O14、O18、O36、O60和O138等5个血清型几乎只出现于临床分离株中,而在泄殖腔样品所
Colibacillosis refers to any localized or systemic infection caused entirely or partly by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), including septicaemia, granuloma (Hjarre’s disease), air sac disease, chronic respiratory disease (CRD), avian cellulitis, swollen head syndrome, peritonitis, salpingitis, osteomyelitis/synovitis, panophthalmitis, and omphalitis/yolk sac infection. Colibacillosis in mammals is most often a primary enteric disease, whereas colibacillosis in poultry is typically a secondary localized or systemic disease occurring when host defence has been impaired or overwhelmed. Collectively, infections caused by Escherichia coli (E.coli) are responsible for significant economic losses to the poultry industry in many parts of the world. The pioneer serological surveys indicate that the majority of avian septicaemic E.coli strains belong to a limited number of O serogroups (O1, O2, and O78). Analysis of the involvement of these potential virulence factors using experimental models of infection just began during the past few years. Nevertheless, all the actual roles of the known virulence factors are not fully elucidated and certain steps of the infection process have not been related to previously identified factors. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which avian pathogenic E.coli cause infection are largely unknown.
1. Isolation and identification of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates in China
We investigated 1351 E.coli isolates collected from visceral organs of poultry having died from colibacillosis from 20 provinces in China. Among these E.coli isolates,
引文
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[1] Cooke EM. Escherichia coli--an overview. J Hyg (Lond), 1985, 95(3): 523-530
[2] Calnek BW. 禽病学 (第10版). 高 福, 苏敬良, 译. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 1999
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