电力系统广域通信网络可靠性分析及优化设计
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摘要
电力系统越来越依赖于基于通信的信息交互。基于网络的信息高速公路已成为输配电系统的信息通信平台和技术支撑。通信网络与电力系统的可靠交互与有机融合是当今智能电网发展的关键。电力系统广域网对不同通信业务在通信的实时性、可靠性和安全性等方面都有着不同的通信需求,其中以广域保护系统和广域控制系统对通信系统的性能要求最为严格。
电力系统广域网在变电站内和变电站间进行信息交换,特定时期关键信息的传输需要安全、可靠的通信系统。变电站自动化通信系统和广域测量通信系统都是电力系统广域网的重要组成部分,前者属于局域网内部通信,而后者属于广域通信,二者应分别讨论。因此,有必要针对广域通信网络中相关的特定要求从多方面展开分析,包含与通信相关的软、硬件可靠性分析与评估,研究建立符合实际需求的网络模型,提出合适的模型求解算法,建立一整套性能指标,定量评估系统的可靠性和实时性,为电力系统工程项目实施提供参考。基于图论思想,从可靠性和实时性两方面对广域网通信系统的拓扑架构和路由选择方面进行了深入的研究。
首先,通过对通信介质、通信技术的对比分析,结合电力广域网通信系统的可靠性、实时性和安全性性能需求,从接入方式、承载模式和组网方式等方面提出适合当前性能需求的广域网通信系统。
其次,通信网络的性能是影响变电站自动化功能的重要因素。采用连通度和韧性度等指标定量评估了几种典型拓扑结构的变电站自动化通信网络的抗毁性及生存性。根据PRP、HSR和RSTP三种冗余协议的工作机理,建立基于PRP、HSR冗余协议的变电站通信网络系统的模型,着重考虑系统的可修复和冗余等动态特性,采用动态故障树方法对变电站保护系统建模并定量评估其动态可靠性。
第三,如何保证信息传输的可靠性和实时性是广域测量系统的核心。通信网络拓扑结构优化设计对信息的传输至关重要,影响着整个网络的性能。根据广域测量通信系统的流量状况,结合可靠性和实时性两方面的考虑,建立相应的度量指标及其约束条件,设计成本最小化的网络优化模型,并基于图论思想提出改进的饱和割集的算法对模型进行求解,实现广域测量通信架构的优化设计。
第四,研究并建立了基于MPLS流量工程并符合电力系统广域保护QoS要求的广域保护通信系统的传输路径选择模型。提出采用启发式遗传算法对模型进行求解,利用自然数编码方法,结合电力系统广域通信的延时特性来解决流量均衡的路由选择问题,提高了编码效率,并符合了电力系统的实时性要求。
Power Systems are increasingly interacting with the communication networks, merging the information highways with the power transmission and distribution networks, depending more and more on communication based information exchange. Power System Communication becomes the key technology to enable a smart grid. Wide Area Network(WAN) communication system in power grid has the different communication requirements with different services from the aspects of real-time, reliability and security, which the Wide Area Protection System(WAPS) and Wide Area Control System(WACS) need to satisfy the most stringent requirements.
WAN communication system acquires and exchanges information within substations and beyond. Therefore, it requires reliable and secure communication for critical information delivery within the specific time period. The communication system of substation automation and that of wide area measurement are both the important parts of Wide area communication network in power grids. The former communicates over the intra-substation LANs, while the latter communicates over the inter-substation WAN. With respect to the specific requirements on the wide are communication network, comprehensive analyses should be carried out on different aspects:including reliability analysis and evaluation of the softeware and the hardware, the related communicaton architecture meeting the requirement of real application, together with the suitable model solving algorithms, should be studied. A suite of performance indices should be proposed to quantitatively evaluate the reliability and real-time of the systems. Above work is able to provide guidelines for engineering and implementation. Based on the graph theory and by means of the reliability and real-time performance, the topology of communication architectures of WAN together with path selection of the WAN are studies in this thesis.
Firstly, the communication media and the related technologies, together with the performance requirement of reliability and security of the rea-time wide area communication network are investigated in this thesis. The access mode, load mode and selecting ways of the WAN based communication system are analyzed.
Secondly, connectivity and tenacity indices are utilized to quantitatively assess the invulnerability and survivability of communication architectures, and they are demonstrated using typical network topologies commonly used in Substation Automation Systems (SAS). In this thesis, the Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP), High availability Seamless Ring (HSR) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) protocols are tested respectively, and Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis (DFTA) method is employed to assess their reliaility over various network topologies.
Thirdly, the reliability and real-time of information transmission is the core of the WAMS. Optimal design of communication network is crutial for information transmission, and it affects the performance of the whole network. This thesis not only takes the traffic flow on the network, reliability and speed when selecting an architecture into account, but employs the Improved Cut Saturation Algorithm (ICSA) based on the graph theory to design the optimal architecture.
Fourthly, the transmission-path-selection model based on MPLS traffic engineering is put forward in this thesis, which can meet the QoS requirements of the wide area protection system. The Heuristic Genetic Algorithm (HGA) is used to solve the model, in which the natural number coding method is used to realize the path selection of traffic balancing in accordance with the constraints of delay. In this way, the coding efficiency is improved and the real-time requirement of power systems can be satisfied.
电力系统广域网在变电站内和变电站间进行信息交换,特定时期关键信息的传输需要安全、可靠的通信系统。变电站自动化通信系统和广域测量通信系统都是电力系统广域网的重要组成部分,前者属于局域网内部通信,而后者属于广域通信,二者应分别讨论。因此,有必要针对广域通信网络中相关的特定要求从多方面展开分析,包含与通信相关的软、硬件可靠性分析与评估,研究建立符合实际需求的网络模型,提出合适的模型求解算法,建立一整套性能指标,定量评估系统的可靠性和实时性,为电力系统工程项目实施提供参考。基于图论思想,从可靠性和实时性两方面对广域网通信系统的拓扑架构和路由选择方面进行了深入的研究。
首先,通过对通信介质、通信技术的对比分析,结合电力广域网通信系统的可靠性、实时性和安全性性能需求,从接入方式、承载模式和组网方式等方面提出适合当前性能需求的广域网通信系统。
其次,通信网络的性能是影响变电站自动化功能的重要因素。采用连通度和韧性度等指标定量评估了几种典型拓扑结构的变电站自动化通信网络的抗毁性及生存性。根据PRP、HSR和RSTP三种冗余协议的工作机理,建立基于PRP、HSR冗余协议的变电站通信网络系统的模型,着重考虑系统的可修复和冗余等动态特性,采用动态故障树方法对变电站保护系统建模并定量评估其动态可靠性。
第三,如何保证信息传输的可靠性和实时性是广域测量系统的核心。通信网络拓扑结构优化设计对信息的传输至关重要,影响着整个网络的性能。根据广域测量通信系统的流量状况,结合可靠性和实时性两方面的考虑,建立相应的度量指标及其约束条件,设计成本最小化的网络优化模型,并基于图论思想提出改进的饱和割集的算法对模型进行求解,实现广域测量通信架构的优化设计。
第四,研究并建立了基于MPLS流量工程并符合电力系统广域保护QoS要求的广域保护通信系统的传输路径选择模型。提出采用启发式遗传算法对模型进行求解,利用自然数编码方法,结合电力系统广域通信的延时特性来解决流量均衡的路由选择问题,提高了编码效率,并符合了电力系统的实时性要求。
Power Systems are increasingly interacting with the communication networks, merging the information highways with the power transmission and distribution networks, depending more and more on communication based information exchange. Power System Communication becomes the key technology to enable a smart grid. Wide Area Network(WAN) communication system in power grid has the different communication requirements with different services from the aspects of real-time, reliability and security, which the Wide Area Protection System(WAPS) and Wide Area Control System(WACS) need to satisfy the most stringent requirements.
WAN communication system acquires and exchanges information within substations and beyond. Therefore, it requires reliable and secure communication for critical information delivery within the specific time period. The communication system of substation automation and that of wide area measurement are both the important parts of Wide area communication network in power grids. The former communicates over the intra-substation LANs, while the latter communicates over the inter-substation WAN. With respect to the specific requirements on the wide are communication network, comprehensive analyses should be carried out on different aspects:including reliability analysis and evaluation of the softeware and the hardware, the related communicaton architecture meeting the requirement of real application, together with the suitable model solving algorithms, should be studied. A suite of performance indices should be proposed to quantitatively evaluate the reliability and real-time of the systems. Above work is able to provide guidelines for engineering and implementation. Based on the graph theory and by means of the reliability and real-time performance, the topology of communication architectures of WAN together with path selection of the WAN are studies in this thesis.
Firstly, the communication media and the related technologies, together with the performance requirement of reliability and security of the rea-time wide area communication network are investigated in this thesis. The access mode, load mode and selecting ways of the WAN based communication system are analyzed.
Secondly, connectivity and tenacity indices are utilized to quantitatively assess the invulnerability and survivability of communication architectures, and they are demonstrated using typical network topologies commonly used in Substation Automation Systems (SAS). In this thesis, the Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP), High availability Seamless Ring (HSR) and Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) protocols are tested respectively, and Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis (DFTA) method is employed to assess their reliaility over various network topologies.
Thirdly, the reliability and real-time of information transmission is the core of the WAMS. Optimal design of communication network is crutial for information transmission, and it affects the performance of the whole network. This thesis not only takes the traffic flow on the network, reliability and speed when selecting an architecture into account, but employs the Improved Cut Saturation Algorithm (ICSA) based on the graph theory to design the optimal architecture.
Fourthly, the transmission-path-selection model based on MPLS traffic engineering is put forward in this thesis, which can meet the QoS requirements of the wide area protection system. The Heuristic Genetic Algorithm (HGA) is used to solve the model, in which the natural number coding method is used to realize the path selection of traffic balancing in accordance with the constraints of delay. In this way, the coding efficiency is improved and the real-time requirement of power systems can be satisfied.
引文
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