大型发电机定子复杂结构内流体流动与传热特性的研究
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摘要
大型发电机内部物理场的研究是一个涉及多学科多专业的综合问题。由于发电机定子具有复杂的结构、转子的旋转运动以及多重物理场相互耦合,对电机内物理场的准确计算具有一定的理论难度和工程实际意义,已经成为国际电机领域难题之一。
本文详细地分析了国内外关于电机内电磁场、流体场、温度场以及多耦合场研究的相关文献,论述了本研究课题的发展状况,指出在以往的研究中的不足之处,明确本论文的研究目的、研究意义以及研究内容。
基于电磁场基本理论,找出发电机定子股线涡流损耗系数与股线结构尺寸的数值关系,指出并分析了定子股线特别是异结构股线涡流损耗沿定子径向高度的变化规律,对定子主绝缘厚度变化而导致的股线宽度变化情况下的股线涡流损耗的分布特性进行研究,提出主绝缘减薄即股线结构优化的理论方法。同时建立了发电机二维涡流电磁场的求解模型,通过数值计算揭示了定子铁耗沿径向高度的分布规律,改变了在以往的计算中假设铁耗在定子齿部和轭部平均的不准确做法。从损耗的角度保证了定子内部流体场以及温度场计算的准确性。
提出电机内绕流性物体的概念,采用有限体积元法对单路通风方式下的大型发电机定子径向通风沟内具有绕流性物体的不可压缩粘性紊流流体场进行了数值计算,并对通风沟内有无绕流性物体的流体流动特性进行了比较,揭示了流体流速沿定子径向以及周向的分布特性,同时对管道内的流体流动进行了求解并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较。解决了径向通风沟内散热系数难以确定的问题。
分别采用流体场与温度场直接耦合以及间接耦合的手段对发电机定子传热特性进行数值研究,对径向通风沟内流体流动特性变化对定子温度场的影响进行数值分析,并且对通风沟内的流体流速、流体温度、表面散热系数以及定子温度的空间分布规律进行了研究,明确电机定子复杂结构内多场耦合的数值关系。根据定子采用异结构股线的发电机温度以及主绝缘温降的分布特性,给出对发电机定子线棒股线进行异构化的设计方法。
基于耦合场原理,对大型发电机定子主绝缘结构形变下定子内部的传热特性进行分析,从电磁损耗、流体流动以及传热等多重角度证明对定子股线结构进行优化的可行性。此外,对定子排间绝缘的导热系数变化以及排间绝缘的部分结构老化情况下定子温度分布特性进行数值研究,明确排间绝缘对定子温度对称性的影响状况。
通过本课题的研究可以使相应的研究更加详细和深入,不仅可以提高大型发电机物理场的计算精度,而且可以拓宽电机内耦合场研究的范畴,同时采用科学的股线结构和通风结构,在降低电机内损耗的同时,改善大型发电机的通风效果,可以有效地降低大型发电机的事故率,提升大型发电机的出力性能,提高大型发电机的运行可靠性和安全性。
The research of physical fields inside large generator is a synthesis problem which refers to multi-disciplines and multi-specialties. There are some difficulties and engineering significances to calculate physical fields in generator accurately because of complex stator structure, rotation of rotor and multi-coupled of physical fields, which has become one of the most difficult problems of international electrical machine field.
In this dissertation, some documents about electromagnetic field, fluid field, temperature field and multi-couple fields are researched, the development of this issue is discussed and the shortcomings of research are given. The purposes, significance and contents of research for problem are confirmed.
The numerical relationship of stator strands eddy loss of generator and strands structure is found based on electromagnetic field theory. The eddy loss variation orderliness of stator strands, especially different structure strands along radial direction high are indicated and analyzed. Strands eddy loss distribution characteristic under the condition of changing strands width because thickness variation of stator main insulation, and the theory method of main insulation thinning that is strands structure optimization is proposed. At the same time, the generator 2D eddy magnetic field solved model was built and the stator iron loss distribution orderliness along radial height are given by using of numerical calculation, which change the inaccurate assumption that the stator iron loss is average at the tooth and yoke respectively during computation. The calculation precision of fluid field and temperature field inside stator is enhanced from loss angle.
A concept of circular flow object in generator is indicated, and the incompressible viscosity fluid field with circular flow object inside stator radial ventilation duct of large generator under single path ventilation system is numerically calculated using finite volume method (FVM), fluid flow characteristic inside radial ventilation duct with circular flow object or not are compared, distribution characteristics of the fluid velocities along radial direction and circumferential direction of stator are given, meanwhile the fluid flow inside pipe is solved, the results calculated and measured results are compared. The problem that heat transfer coefficients were difficult to determine is solved.
The heat transfer characteristics of generator stator are numerically researched using indirection and direction couple method of fluid field and temperature field respectively, the effect of fluid flow characteristic inside radial ventilation duct on stator temperature field is analyzed, and the space distribution orderliness of fluid velocities, fluid temperature, surface heat transfer coefficients inside ventilation duct and stator temperature are investigated, numerical relationship of multi-fields couple inside generator stator complex structure is ascertained. The design method of generator stator strands with different structure is given by distribution characteristic of generator temperature and main insulation temperature drops with different structure strands.
Heat transfer characteristic inside large generator stator changing main insulation structure is analyzed based on coupled field theory, and the feasibility of stator strands structure optimization was proved from the multi-coupled angle of electromagnetic loss, fluid flow and heat transfer. Furthermore, the stator temperature distribution characteristics are researched numerically under condition of stator row insulation conductivity coefficient variation and part structure aging of row insulation, the effect of row insulation on symmetry of stator temperature is confirmed.
The corresponding research can be made more detailed and deeply by the investigation, which not only improves the calculation precision of large generator physical fields but also extends research range of couple fields in generator. Scientific strands structure and ventilation structure are adopted, which can decrease the loss in the generator, improve the ventilation effect of large generator at the same time, reduce the accident rate, elevate the working performance and improve the operating reliability and security of large generator.
本文详细地分析了国内外关于电机内电磁场、流体场、温度场以及多耦合场研究的相关文献,论述了本研究课题的发展状况,指出在以往的研究中的不足之处,明确本论文的研究目的、研究意义以及研究内容。
基于电磁场基本理论,找出发电机定子股线涡流损耗系数与股线结构尺寸的数值关系,指出并分析了定子股线特别是异结构股线涡流损耗沿定子径向高度的变化规律,对定子主绝缘厚度变化而导致的股线宽度变化情况下的股线涡流损耗的分布特性进行研究,提出主绝缘减薄即股线结构优化的理论方法。同时建立了发电机二维涡流电磁场的求解模型,通过数值计算揭示了定子铁耗沿径向高度的分布规律,改变了在以往的计算中假设铁耗在定子齿部和轭部平均的不准确做法。从损耗的角度保证了定子内部流体场以及温度场计算的准确性。
提出电机内绕流性物体的概念,采用有限体积元法对单路通风方式下的大型发电机定子径向通风沟内具有绕流性物体的不可压缩粘性紊流流体场进行了数值计算,并对通风沟内有无绕流性物体的流体流动特性进行了比较,揭示了流体流速沿定子径向以及周向的分布特性,同时对管道内的流体流动进行了求解并将计算结果与实验结果进行了比较。解决了径向通风沟内散热系数难以确定的问题。
分别采用流体场与温度场直接耦合以及间接耦合的手段对发电机定子传热特性进行数值研究,对径向通风沟内流体流动特性变化对定子温度场的影响进行数值分析,并且对通风沟内的流体流速、流体温度、表面散热系数以及定子温度的空间分布规律进行了研究,明确电机定子复杂结构内多场耦合的数值关系。根据定子采用异结构股线的发电机温度以及主绝缘温降的分布特性,给出对发电机定子线棒股线进行异构化的设计方法。
基于耦合场原理,对大型发电机定子主绝缘结构形变下定子内部的传热特性进行分析,从电磁损耗、流体流动以及传热等多重角度证明对定子股线结构进行优化的可行性。此外,对定子排间绝缘的导热系数变化以及排间绝缘的部分结构老化情况下定子温度分布特性进行数值研究,明确排间绝缘对定子温度对称性的影响状况。
通过本课题的研究可以使相应的研究更加详细和深入,不仅可以提高大型发电机物理场的计算精度,而且可以拓宽电机内耦合场研究的范畴,同时采用科学的股线结构和通风结构,在降低电机内损耗的同时,改善大型发电机的通风效果,可以有效地降低大型发电机的事故率,提升大型发电机的出力性能,提高大型发电机的运行可靠性和安全性。
The research of physical fields inside large generator is a synthesis problem which refers to multi-disciplines and multi-specialties. There are some difficulties and engineering significances to calculate physical fields in generator accurately because of complex stator structure, rotation of rotor and multi-coupled of physical fields, which has become one of the most difficult problems of international electrical machine field.
In this dissertation, some documents about electromagnetic field, fluid field, temperature field and multi-couple fields are researched, the development of this issue is discussed and the shortcomings of research are given. The purposes, significance and contents of research for problem are confirmed.
The numerical relationship of stator strands eddy loss of generator and strands structure is found based on electromagnetic field theory. The eddy loss variation orderliness of stator strands, especially different structure strands along radial direction high are indicated and analyzed. Strands eddy loss distribution characteristic under the condition of changing strands width because thickness variation of stator main insulation, and the theory method of main insulation thinning that is strands structure optimization is proposed. At the same time, the generator 2D eddy magnetic field solved model was built and the stator iron loss distribution orderliness along radial height are given by using of numerical calculation, which change the inaccurate assumption that the stator iron loss is average at the tooth and yoke respectively during computation. The calculation precision of fluid field and temperature field inside stator is enhanced from loss angle.
A concept of circular flow object in generator is indicated, and the incompressible viscosity fluid field with circular flow object inside stator radial ventilation duct of large generator under single path ventilation system is numerically calculated using finite volume method (FVM), fluid flow characteristic inside radial ventilation duct with circular flow object or not are compared, distribution characteristics of the fluid velocities along radial direction and circumferential direction of stator are given, meanwhile the fluid flow inside pipe is solved, the results calculated and measured results are compared. The problem that heat transfer coefficients were difficult to determine is solved.
The heat transfer characteristics of generator stator are numerically researched using indirection and direction couple method of fluid field and temperature field respectively, the effect of fluid flow characteristic inside radial ventilation duct on stator temperature field is analyzed, and the space distribution orderliness of fluid velocities, fluid temperature, surface heat transfer coefficients inside ventilation duct and stator temperature are investigated, numerical relationship of multi-fields couple inside generator stator complex structure is ascertained. The design method of generator stator strands with different structure is given by distribution characteristic of generator temperature and main insulation temperature drops with different structure strands.
Heat transfer characteristic inside large generator stator changing main insulation structure is analyzed based on coupled field theory, and the feasibility of stator strands structure optimization was proved from the multi-coupled angle of electromagnetic loss, fluid flow and heat transfer. Furthermore, the stator temperature distribution characteristics are researched numerically under condition of stator row insulation conductivity coefficient variation and part structure aging of row insulation, the effect of row insulation on symmetry of stator temperature is confirmed.
The corresponding research can be made more detailed and deeply by the investigation, which not only improves the calculation precision of large generator physical fields but also extends research range of couple fields in generator. Scientific strands structure and ventilation structure are adopted, which can decrease the loss in the generator, improve the ventilation effect of large generator at the same time, reduce the accident rate, elevate the working performance and improve the operating reliability and security of large generator.
引文
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