基于密度成像的综合速度建模方法研究
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摘要
本文在讨论了复杂地表及复杂地质构造条件下静校正及深度偏移处理难点的基础上,形成了一套有效的基于密度成像的综合速度建模的技术流程。详细探讨了流程中关于密度成像、密度-速度转换、静校正处理等关键技术环节。应用该方法对大龙口工区进行综合地质-地球物理建模。结果表明,基于密度成像的综合速度建模方法的实用性。
对原有黄金分割算法程序进行了扩充和改进,使其能够进行2.5D位场反演;提出相关系数加权确定反演初值的技术措施,改善宽泛物理约束情况下的反演效果;通过各种模型试算,分析和总结了剖分方案以及反演参数对反演结果的影响,给出了相关参数的选取原则以及扩边方案;总结归纳了密度-速度转换关系的几种技术类型;在上述基础上,归纳总结出基于密度成像的综合速度建模进行地震资料目标处理的具体流程;对复杂地表条件下变速度一次静校正方法进行了研究,推导并实现一种基于地表一致性假设、考虑了近地表速度纵横向变化的一次静校正方法;最后,按照整个技术路线的思想对新疆大龙口地区的实际资料进行了处理,建立了DLK044和DLK052两条剖面的速度-深度模型,利用此模型进行叠前及叠后深度偏移成像处理,验证了整个方法的实用性。
This paper presented a new integrated method for integrated velocitymodeling after discussing the various difficulties of seismic staticscorrection and depth-migration processing of the complex surface andcomplex geologic structure areas. The new method was based on densityinversion imaging and density-velocity relationship. The technical flow ofthe new method was determined and the several key questions in the flowwere discussed. The inversion result of DLK area demonstrated that themethod for integrated velocity modeling based on density imaging waseffective and correct.
The paper expanded the golden section algorithm and made it can do2.5D inversion; Several effective measures were presented to solve themultiplicity problem including related coefficient weighted to determinethe initialized value of the griddings; According to the model tests, theaffect of every interelated parameter was summarized and the principlesof choosing suitable parameters were presented; The relationships ofdensity and velocity were summarized and classified; Based on all ofthese, the technical flow of the method for integrated velocity modelingbased on density imaging was presented. The paper also did some studyon a method of statics correction of complex surface which can treat the transverse velocity varies; Finally, according to the whole technical flow,the actual data of DLK area of Xinjiang province were processed. Twovelocity profile models of DLK044 and DLK052 were established. Thedepth migration processing of these two profiles were carried out. Theimproved results of depth migration demonstrated the practicability ofthis new method.
对原有黄金分割算法程序进行了扩充和改进,使其能够进行2.5D位场反演;提出相关系数加权确定反演初值的技术措施,改善宽泛物理约束情况下的反演效果;通过各种模型试算,分析和总结了剖分方案以及反演参数对反演结果的影响,给出了相关参数的选取原则以及扩边方案;总结归纳了密度-速度转换关系的几种技术类型;在上述基础上,归纳总结出基于密度成像的综合速度建模进行地震资料目标处理的具体流程;对复杂地表条件下变速度一次静校正方法进行了研究,推导并实现一种基于地表一致性假设、考虑了近地表速度纵横向变化的一次静校正方法;最后,按照整个技术路线的思想对新疆大龙口地区的实际资料进行了处理,建立了DLK044和DLK052两条剖面的速度-深度模型,利用此模型进行叠前及叠后深度偏移成像处理,验证了整个方法的实用性。
This paper presented a new integrated method for integrated velocitymodeling after discussing the various difficulties of seismic staticscorrection and depth-migration processing of the complex surface andcomplex geologic structure areas. The new method was based on densityinversion imaging and density-velocity relationship. The technical flow ofthe new method was determined and the several key questions in the flowwere discussed. The inversion result of DLK area demonstrated that themethod for integrated velocity modeling based on density imaging waseffective and correct.
The paper expanded the golden section algorithm and made it can do2.5D inversion; Several effective measures were presented to solve themultiplicity problem including related coefficient weighted to determinethe initialized value of the griddings; According to the model tests, theaffect of every interelated parameter was summarized and the principlesof choosing suitable parameters were presented; The relationships ofdensity and velocity were summarized and classified; Based on all ofthese, the technical flow of the method for integrated velocity modelingbased on density imaging was presented. The paper also did some studyon a method of statics correction of complex surface which can treat the transverse velocity varies; Finally, according to the whole technical flow,the actual data of DLK area of Xinjiang province were processed. Twovelocity profile models of DLK044 and DLK052 were established. Thedepth migration processing of these two profiles were carried out. Theimproved results of depth migration demonstrated the practicability ofthis new method.
引文
[1] 熊翥.复杂地区地震数据处理思路.北京:石油工业出版社,2002:1～49
[2] Brian S. Anderson, Mark E. Weber, John E. Bain. A report on therenaissance of gravity in the deep water Gulf of Mexico: Apracticalview of integration methods [A]. In: Annual Meeting Abstracts[C].SocietyOfExplorationGeophysicists,1998;515~517
[3] Geg J, Jorgensen, Jerry L. Kisabeth. Joint 3-D inversion of gravity,magnetic and tensor gravity fields for imaging salt formations in thedeepwater gulf of mexico [A]. In: Annual Meeting Abstracts[C].SocietyOfExplorationGeophysicists,2000;400~402
[4] 刘展,王万银.曲面位场的正则化线性规划法直接反演技术.地质与勘探,1999;35(6):62～66
[5] 管志宁,侯俊胜等.重磁异常反演的拟 BP 神经网路方法及其应用.地球物理学报,1998;41(2):242～251
[6] 柯小平,王勇,许厚泽.用遗传算法反演地壳的变密度模型.武汉大学学报,2004;29(11):981～984
[7] 章俊华.规划设计学中的调查分析法——相关分析.中国园林,2005;21(1):73～77
[8] 马中高,解吉高.岩石的纵、横波速度与密度的规律研究.地球物理学进展,2005;20(4):905～910
[9] 朱广生,桂志先,熊新斌,段天友.密度与纵横波速度关系.地球物理学报,1995;31(1):260～264
[10]John P. Castagna. Petrophysical imaging using AVO. The LeedingEdge,March,1993;172～178
[11]关小平,黄嘉正,罗孝宽.重力、地震资料联合反演实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995;30(3):379～385
[12]Birch F. The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10Kb. JGeophysRes,1961;66:2199~2224
[13]VolarovichM P, Bajuk IE.Elasticproperties or rocks,in IssledovanieFiziceskich svoit sv mine ralnogo vescestva zemli pri vysokichtemmodinamiceskich parametrach[M], edited by M. P. Volarovic,Stiller,H.,Lebedev,T.S.,pp.Izd.NakovadumkaKiev,1977;43~48
[14]Lees, J. M. and J. C. Vandecar. Seismic tomography constrained byBouguer gravity anomalies: Applications in Western Washington,PureAppl.Geophys,1991;135(1):31~52
[15]Rosaria Tondi, Roberto de Franco and Riccardo Barzaghi. Sequentialintegrated inversion of refraction and wide-angle reflectiontraveltimes and gravity data for two-dimensional velocity structures.GeophysJ.Int,2000;141:679~698
[16]冯锐,严惠芬,张若水.三维位场的快速反演方法及程序设计,地质学报,1986;60(4):390～402
[17]刘昌铨,方盛明,李长法.应县～淄博剖面重力、地震测深联合解释.地震地质,1996;18(4):369～374
[18]王之荃,赵波,姜枚.中国东北海城——敖汗旗——巴彦查干剖面的重力密度特征.1990;14(1):1～8
[19]贺日政,高锐等.新疆天山(独山子)西昆仑(泉水沟)地学断面地震与重力联合反演地壳构造特征.地球学报,2001;22(6):553～558
[20]楼海,王椿镛.三维密度分布的重力计算及应用.地震学报,1999;21(3):297～304
[21]袁惟正,徐新忠等.大别山地震波速度剖面的重力拟合及花岗岩带.中国地质,2003;30(3):235~239
[22]John P. Castagna and Steven W. Smith. Comparison of AVOindicators: A modeling study. Geophysics, 1994; Vol. 59 No. 12 P.:1849~1855
[23]Lopamudra Roy, Mrinal K Sen, Kirk McIntosh et al. Joint inversionof first arrival seismic travel-time and gravity data. Journal ofGeophysicsandEngineering,2005;2:277~289
[24]Savino, J. M, Rodi, W. L. ,Masso, J. F. Simultane-ous inversion ofmultiple geophysical data sets for earth structure[A]. Presented at the50thAnn.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Explor.Geophys,1980
[25]E.Kozlovskaya,S.Elo,S.-E.Hjelt,J.Yliniemi.3-Ddensitymodelofthe crust of southern and central Finland obtained from jointinterpretation of the SVEKALAPKO crustal P-wave velocity modelsandgravitydata.Geophys.J.Int,2004;158:827~848
[26]Godfrey N J, Beaudoin B C and Klemperer S LOphiolitic basementto the Great Valley forearc basin, Clifornia, from seismic and gravitydata: implications for crustal growth at the North AmericancontinentalmarginGelo.Soc.Am.Bull,1997;108:1536~62
[27]Nielsen L and Jacobson B H. Integrated gravity and wide-angleseismic inversion for two-dimensional crustal modeling. Geophys. J.Int,2000;140:222~232
[28]丁国容.静校正在准噶尔盆地三维地震数据处理中的应用.新疆石油地质,2001;22(5):424～425
[29]刘伊克,常旭,王辉等.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正.地球物理学报,2001;44(2):272～27
[30]杨文军,段云卿,姜伟才,于富文.层析反演静校正.物探与化探,2005;29(1):41～43
[31]赵峰,郑鸿明,郭洪宪,罗勇.层析反演静校正技术及应用效果分析.新疆石油地质,2002;23(5):397～399
[32]吴长江,刘小娟,高雁,贾艳霞.多域迭代静校正方法应用分析.河南石油,2004;18(6):15～16
[33]孙剑敏.多次迭代折射静校正在山地煤田地震资料处理中的应用.中国煤田地质,1999;61(3):60～61
[34]Berryhill J R. Wave-equation datuming. Geophysics, 1979; 44(8):1329~1344
[35]方伍宝,李满树,孙爱萍等.基于Born近似的波动方程静校正技术.石油物探,2004;43(1):26～30
[36]杨红霞,高林.复杂地表地区地震勘探静校正方法应用研究.世界地质,2002;21(3):293～299
[37]郑鸿明,娄兵,蒋在超.复杂地貌区地震资料处理中的静校正方法.新疆石油地质,2002;23(3):214～216
[38]P. L. Stoffa, J. T. Fokkemat, et, al. Split-step Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990;55(4):410~421
[39]李振春.地震成像理论与方法.石油大学出版社.李振春,2004:81～88
[40]LiPeiming, FengZeyuan, LiZhenhua, etc.Static CorrectionTechnology and Applications in Complex Areas of WesternChina.SEG Int'l Exposition and 74th Annual Meeting. 10-15 October2004
[41]A.K.Srivastav and G.Sarvesam, Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd ,India.Importance of precision static corrections in Seismic DataAcquisition in complex geological areas.SEG/Houston 2005 AnnualMeeting.2221~2224
[2] Brian S. Anderson, Mark E. Weber, John E. Bain. A report on therenaissance of gravity in the deep water Gulf of Mexico: Apracticalview of integration methods [A]. In: Annual Meeting Abstracts[C].SocietyOfExplorationGeophysicists,1998;515~517
[3] Geg J, Jorgensen, Jerry L. Kisabeth. Joint 3-D inversion of gravity,magnetic and tensor gravity fields for imaging salt formations in thedeepwater gulf of mexico [A]. In: Annual Meeting Abstracts[C].SocietyOfExplorationGeophysicists,2000;400~402
[4] 刘展,王万银.曲面位场的正则化线性规划法直接反演技术.地质与勘探,1999;35(6):62～66
[5] 管志宁,侯俊胜等.重磁异常反演的拟 BP 神经网路方法及其应用.地球物理学报,1998;41(2):242～251
[6] 柯小平,王勇,许厚泽.用遗传算法反演地壳的变密度模型.武汉大学学报,2004;29(11):981～984
[7] 章俊华.规划设计学中的调查分析法——相关分析.中国园林,2005;21(1):73～77
[8] 马中高,解吉高.岩石的纵、横波速度与密度的规律研究.地球物理学进展,2005;20(4):905～910
[9] 朱广生,桂志先,熊新斌,段天友.密度与纵横波速度关系.地球物理学报,1995;31(1):260～264
[10]John P. Castagna. Petrophysical imaging using AVO. The LeedingEdge,March,1993;172～178
[11]关小平,黄嘉正,罗孝宽.重力、地震资料联合反演实例[J].石油地球物理勘探,1995;30(3):379～385
[12]Birch F. The velocity of compressional waves in rocks to 10Kb. JGeophysRes,1961;66:2199~2224
[13]VolarovichM P, Bajuk IE.Elasticproperties or rocks,in IssledovanieFiziceskich svoit sv mine ralnogo vescestva zemli pri vysokichtemmodinamiceskich parametrach[M], edited by M. P. Volarovic,Stiller,H.,Lebedev,T.S.,pp.Izd.NakovadumkaKiev,1977;43~48
[14]Lees, J. M. and J. C. Vandecar. Seismic tomography constrained byBouguer gravity anomalies: Applications in Western Washington,PureAppl.Geophys,1991;135(1):31~52
[15]Rosaria Tondi, Roberto de Franco and Riccardo Barzaghi. Sequentialintegrated inversion of refraction and wide-angle reflectiontraveltimes and gravity data for two-dimensional velocity structures.GeophysJ.Int,2000;141:679~698
[16]冯锐,严惠芬,张若水.三维位场的快速反演方法及程序设计,地质学报,1986;60(4):390～402
[17]刘昌铨,方盛明,李长法.应县～淄博剖面重力、地震测深联合解释.地震地质,1996;18(4):369～374
[18]王之荃,赵波,姜枚.中国东北海城——敖汗旗——巴彦查干剖面的重力密度特征.1990;14(1):1～8
[19]贺日政,高锐等.新疆天山(独山子)西昆仑(泉水沟)地学断面地震与重力联合反演地壳构造特征.地球学报,2001;22(6):553～558
[20]楼海,王椿镛.三维密度分布的重力计算及应用.地震学报,1999;21(3):297～304
[21]袁惟正,徐新忠等.大别山地震波速度剖面的重力拟合及花岗岩带.中国地质,2003;30(3):235~239
[22]John P. Castagna and Steven W. Smith. Comparison of AVOindicators: A modeling study. Geophysics, 1994; Vol. 59 No. 12 P.:1849~1855
[23]Lopamudra Roy, Mrinal K Sen, Kirk McIntosh et al. Joint inversionof first arrival seismic travel-time and gravity data. Journal ofGeophysicsandEngineering,2005;2:277~289
[24]Savino, J. M, Rodi, W. L. ,Masso, J. F. Simultane-ous inversion ofmultiple geophysical data sets for earth structure[A]. Presented at the50thAnn.Internat.Mtg.Soc.Explor.Geophys,1980
[25]E.Kozlovskaya,S.Elo,S.-E.Hjelt,J.Yliniemi.3-Ddensitymodelofthe crust of southern and central Finland obtained from jointinterpretation of the SVEKALAPKO crustal P-wave velocity modelsandgravitydata.Geophys.J.Int,2004;158:827~848
[26]Godfrey N J, Beaudoin B C and Klemperer S LOphiolitic basementto the Great Valley forearc basin, Clifornia, from seismic and gravitydata: implications for crustal growth at the North AmericancontinentalmarginGelo.Soc.Am.Bull,1997;108:1536~62
[27]Nielsen L and Jacobson B H. Integrated gravity and wide-angleseismic inversion for two-dimensional crustal modeling. Geophys. J.Int,2000;140:222~232
[28]丁国容.静校正在准噶尔盆地三维地震数据处理中的应用.新疆石油地质,2001;22(5):424～425
[29]刘伊克,常旭,王辉等.三维复杂地形近地表速度估算及地震层析静校正.地球物理学报,2001;44(2):272～27
[30]杨文军,段云卿,姜伟才,于富文.层析反演静校正.物探与化探,2005;29(1):41～43
[31]赵峰,郑鸿明,郭洪宪,罗勇.层析反演静校正技术及应用效果分析.新疆石油地质,2002;23(5):397～399
[32]吴长江,刘小娟,高雁,贾艳霞.多域迭代静校正方法应用分析.河南石油,2004;18(6):15～16
[33]孙剑敏.多次迭代折射静校正在山地煤田地震资料处理中的应用.中国煤田地质,1999;61(3):60～61
[34]Berryhill J R. Wave-equation datuming. Geophysics, 1979; 44(8):1329~1344
[35]方伍宝,李满树,孙爱萍等.基于Born近似的波动方程静校正技术.石油物探,2004;43(1):26～30
[36]杨红霞,高林.复杂地表地区地震勘探静校正方法应用研究.世界地质,2002;21(3):293～299
[37]郑鸿明,娄兵,蒋在超.复杂地貌区地震资料处理中的静校正方法.新疆石油地质,2002;23(3):214～216
[38]P. L. Stoffa, J. T. Fokkemat, et, al. Split-step Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990;55(4):410~421
[39]李振春.地震成像理论与方法.石油大学出版社.李振春,2004:81～88
[40]LiPeiming, FengZeyuan, LiZhenhua, etc.Static CorrectionTechnology and Applications in Complex Areas of WesternChina.SEG Int'l Exposition and 74th Annual Meeting. 10-15 October2004
[41]A.K.Srivastav and G.Sarvesam, Oil & Natural Gas Corporation Ltd ,India.Importance of precision static corrections in Seismic DataAcquisition in complex geological areas.SEG/Houston 2005 AnnualMeeting.2221~2224