奶牛体细胞评分与乳房炎抗性关系的研究
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摘要
本研究利用天津市奶牛发展中心2002年1月～2004年3月间的1973头荷斯坦奶牛的15421条DHI记录，1088头荷斯坦奶牛体型线性鉴定记录以及350头牛排乳速度记录，采用最小二乘法对影响体细胞评分(SCS)、体型线性鉴定评分以及排乳速度的因素进行了分析，并对其影响显著性的因素水平进行校正；利用单元内半同胞相关法对18个性状进行了遗传参数的估计，在此基础上利用遗传相关阵作因子分析得到乳房炎抗性因子。
分析结果表明：不同的场、季对SCC和SCS的影响显著，不同的年对SCC的影响不显著而对SCS的影响显著；不同胎次，不同泌乳月对SCC和SCS影响显著；公牛对SCC和SCS有极显著性的影响。SCS对乳脂率、标准乳有显著性的影响。不同的场、胎次和泌乳月对体型线性评分的影响不同；公牛对体型线性性状有显著性影响。乳房深度、悬韧带、前乳房附着对SCS影响达到显著或极显著水平。胎次、泌乳月对采用不同方法评价的排乳速度影响显著性不同，但对平均排乳流速均有显著性影响，平均流速对SCS有显著性的影响。
遗传力的估计值为0.04(蹄角度)—0.52(前乳头位置)，乳房性状有中到高等的遗传力，平均排乳流速的遗传力为0.45。估计SCS与各性状的遗传相关为0.03(蹄踵深度)—-0.65(悬韧带)，乳房深度、悬韧带、前房附着与SCS具有较强的遗传负相关。
通过因子分析，由18个性状简化为8个主因子，其累积贡献率达到69％。并得到乳房炎抗性因子F1，它包括乳房深度、悬韧带、前房附着和SCS。F2为肢蹄因子(或者称为长寿因子)，它包括蹄角度、蹄踵深度和后肢侧视。
分析表明：各种固定效应对体型性状、体细胞评分和排乳速度影响的显著性不同；选择部分乳房性状和肢蹄性状可以提高奶牛群乳房炎抗性及长寿性。
Data were collected from Tianjin Dairy Cattle Development Center, containing 15421 records of DHI for 1973 cows from January in 2002 to March in 2004, records of body type classification for 1088 cows, and records of milk flow for 350 cows. Factors affecting SCS, type linear score and milk flow were analyzed by method of least squares, and the factors affecting significantly (P<0.05) were revised. Genetic parameters of 18 traits were estimated by half-sib correlation. Then resistance factors to mastitis were obtained by factor analysis with genetic correlation matrix.The results suggest that herd and calving season affect SCC and SCS significantly (P<0.05), year doesn't affect significantly SCC (P>.05) but affects SCS significantly (P<0.05), lactation number and month in milk affect SCC and SCS significantly (P<0.05), bull affect SCC and SCS significantly (P<0.01), bull affect SCC and SCS significantly (P<0.01) too. SCS affect milk fat percent and fat-corrected milk. Different herd, lactation number and month in milk affect type linear score differently. Bull affect type linear score significantly. Udder depth, udder cleft and fore udder attachment affect SCS significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Lactation number and month in milk affect milk flow evalued by different evaluation methods discrepancy, but they affect average milk flow significantly which affects SCS significantly (P<0.05).Heritabilities estimated are from 0.04(foot angle) to 0.52 (front teat placement). Heritabilities of udder traits are moderate or high. Heritability of average milk flow estimated is 0.45. Genetic correlation between SCS and other traits estimated are from 0.03(heel depth) to -0.65(udder cleft), and genetic correlation between udder depth, udder cleft, fore udder attachment and SCS are negatively high.Eight factors are obtained from eighteen traits by factor analysis and cumulative is up to 69%. Udder health factor F1 is obtained, which is composed of udder depth, udder cleft, fore udder attachment and SCS. Foot&Leg health factor (or longevity factor) F2 consists of foot angle, foot heel depth and rear legs-rear view.Analysis results suggest: Fixed effects affect body type traits, somatic cell score and milk flow differently. Resistance to Mastitis and Longevity of dairy cows can be improved by selecting partial udder traits and Foot&Leg.
分析结果表明：不同的场、季对SCC和SCS的影响显著，不同的年对SCC的影响不显著而对SCS的影响显著；不同胎次，不同泌乳月对SCC和SCS影响显著；公牛对SCC和SCS有极显著性的影响。SCS对乳脂率、标准乳有显著性的影响。不同的场、胎次和泌乳月对体型线性评分的影响不同；公牛对体型线性性状有显著性影响。乳房深度、悬韧带、前乳房附着对SCS影响达到显著或极显著水平。胎次、泌乳月对采用不同方法评价的排乳速度影响显著性不同，但对平均排乳流速均有显著性影响，平均流速对SCS有显著性的影响。
遗传力的估计值为0.04(蹄角度)—0.52(前乳头位置)，乳房性状有中到高等的遗传力，平均排乳流速的遗传力为0.45。估计SCS与各性状的遗传相关为0.03(蹄踵深度)—-0.65(悬韧带)，乳房深度、悬韧带、前房附着与SCS具有较强的遗传负相关。
通过因子分析，由18个性状简化为8个主因子，其累积贡献率达到69％。并得到乳房炎抗性因子F1，它包括乳房深度、悬韧带、前房附着和SCS。F2为肢蹄因子(或者称为长寿因子)，它包括蹄角度、蹄踵深度和后肢侧视。
分析表明：各种固定效应对体型性状、体细胞评分和排乳速度影响的显著性不同；选择部分乳房性状和肢蹄性状可以提高奶牛群乳房炎抗性及长寿性。
Data were collected from Tianjin Dairy Cattle Development Center, containing 15421 records of DHI for 1973 cows from January in 2002 to March in 2004, records of body type classification for 1088 cows, and records of milk flow for 350 cows. Factors affecting SCS, type linear score and milk flow were analyzed by method of least squares, and the factors affecting significantly (P<0.05) were revised. Genetic parameters of 18 traits were estimated by half-sib correlation. Then resistance factors to mastitis were obtained by factor analysis with genetic correlation matrix.The results suggest that herd and calving season affect SCC and SCS significantly (P<0.05), year doesn't affect significantly SCC (P>.05) but affects SCS significantly (P<0.05), lactation number and month in milk affect SCC and SCS significantly (P<0.05), bull affect SCC and SCS significantly (P<0.01), bull affect SCC and SCS significantly (P<0.01) too. SCS affect milk fat percent and fat-corrected milk. Different herd, lactation number and month in milk affect type linear score differently. Bull affect type linear score significantly. Udder depth, udder cleft and fore udder attachment affect SCS significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Lactation number and month in milk affect milk flow evalued by different evaluation methods discrepancy, but they affect average milk flow significantly which affects SCS significantly (P<0.05).Heritabilities estimated are from 0.04(foot angle) to 0.52 (front teat placement). Heritabilities of udder traits are moderate or high. Heritability of average milk flow estimated is 0.45. Genetic correlation between SCS and other traits estimated are from 0.03(heel depth) to -0.65(udder cleft), and genetic correlation between udder depth, udder cleft, fore udder attachment and SCS are negatively high.Eight factors are obtained from eighteen traits by factor analysis and cumulative is up to 69%. Udder health factor F1 is obtained, which is composed of udder depth, udder cleft, fore udder attachment and SCS. Foot&Leg health factor (or longevity factor) F2 consists of foot angle, foot heel depth and rear legs-rear view.Analysis results suggest: Fixed effects affect body type traits, somatic cell score and milk flow differently. Resistance to Mastitis and Longevity of dairy cows can be improved by selecting partial udder traits and Foot&Leg.
引文
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