华北西南部下二叠统太原组Zoophycos遗迹化石及遗迹组构研究
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摘要
本论文选择河南焦作、禹州和山西陵川太原组良好的露头剖面作为华北盆地西南部下二叠统代表性剖面进行了详细实测和描述，主要研究了太原组中遗迹化石的组成、形貌特征、造迹行为、遗迹组构类型、碳酸盐岩微相类型和碳酸盐岩微形体及其沉积环境演化特征，取得了以下五个方面的主要进展：（1）基于研究区太原组各灰岩层中化石组分和岩性特征，划分出15种碳酸盐岩微相类型，描述了各类微相的组成特征；（2）在太原组中共识别出13属18种遗迹化石，并进行了遗迹分类学描述，同时总结出Zoophycos遗迹化石在垂向上常见的三种回填纹构造形态（舌形、新月形和矩形）和提出了4种Zoophycos蹼层的造迹行为方式；
（3）在太原组碳酸盐岩中共识别出了5种遗迹组构，即类型A为Gordia-Planolites遗迹组构、类型B为Rhizocorallium-Thalassinoides遗迹组构、类型C为Zoophycos-Taenidium遗迹组构、类型D为Zoophycos—Speckle burrow强生物扰动遗迹组构、类型E为Chondrites—Nereites遗迹组构，其中类型C根据Zoophycos在剖面上所展现的各种特征，又可细分为3种类型，即类型C-1，C-2和C-3，并绘制了太原组遗迹组构沉积环境分布模式图；（4）通过对Zoophycos潜穴充填物的显微、超微组分及碳酸盐岩微形体的研究，对Zoophycos的红色、黑色、灰色及灰白色充填物进行精细观察，分析了其中各种成分的形貌特征及所含主要元素组成特征，在Zoohpycos遗迹化石的充填物内识别出球状、杆状、网状、簇状、瓶状和似脑球形等与微生物成因相关的6种碳酸盐岩微形体（单体矿物和集合体）；(5)基于太原组各灰岩层岩性特征、微相和化石类型的分布规律，总结出研究区下二叠统太原组遗迹化石、遗迹组构、碳酸盐岩微相垂向演化特征，并绘制了综合演化图。
On basis of the detail observation and description of the Lower Permian TaiyuanFormation exposed in Jiaozuo and Yuzhou areas of Henan province and Lingchuan areaof Shanxi province located in the southwest of north China basin, this project mainlydeals with the composition of ichnofossil, morphologic feature and behaviour ofZoophycos, ichnofabric types, microfacies of carbonate rocks as well as carbonatemicroform types and their environment evolutional characteristics, five aspects ofresults are chiefly obtained as follows:(1) Based on the fossil composition andlithologic character of limestones of the Taiyuan Formation in study area,15kinds ofmicrofacies of carbonate rocks were divided and their composition were discussed;(2)13ichnogenus and18ichnospecies were recognized and described according toichnotaxonomy regulation, meanwhile, from observations of the morphology ofZoophycos spreiten in approximately vertical sections, at least three kinds of spreitelaminae are distinguished, including ligular, crescentic and rectangular forms, and4kinds of make-trace behaviours formed a spreiten lamina were suggested;(3)5types ofichnofabrics in the carbonate rocks of the Taiyuan Formation were recognized,including TypeA-Gordia—Planolitesichnofabric,TypeB-Rhizocorallium–Thalassinoidesichnofabric, Type C-Zoophycos–Taenidium ichnofabric, Type D-Zoophycos–Speckleburrow (intensively bioturbation) ichnofabric and Type E-Chondrites–Nereitesichnofabric, in which Type C was further subdivided into Type C-1, Type C-2and TypeC-3based on their occurrence feature, and designed a sedimentary environment model ofichnofabrics in the Taiyuan Formation;(4) On basis of the fine observation ofmicroscopic, ultramicroscopic composition and carbonate microform constituents in thered, black, grey and off-white burrow filling of Zoophycos ichnofossils and the analysisof morphologic characteristics containing constituents and main elements in the fillingof Zoophycos burrow in this formation,6kinds of carbonate microform types （singlemineral and aggregates） related to microbe as Spheroid-like, rhabditiform, net-like,areatus，vase-like and harns-like globe were recognized;(5) From aforesaid research,vertical evolutional characteristics of ichnofossils, ichnofabrics and microfacies types ofcarbonate rocks in the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation of this study area were summarized and the chart of synthetical evolution was also draw out.
（3）在太原组碳酸盐岩中共识别出了5种遗迹组构，即类型A为Gordia-Planolites遗迹组构、类型B为Rhizocorallium-Thalassinoides遗迹组构、类型C为Zoophycos-Taenidium遗迹组构、类型D为Zoophycos—Speckle burrow强生物扰动遗迹组构、类型E为Chondrites—Nereites遗迹组构，其中类型C根据Zoophycos在剖面上所展现的各种特征，又可细分为3种类型，即类型C-1，C-2和C-3，并绘制了太原组遗迹组构沉积环境分布模式图；（4）通过对Zoophycos潜穴充填物的显微、超微组分及碳酸盐岩微形体的研究，对Zoophycos的红色、黑色、灰色及灰白色充填物进行精细观察，分析了其中各种成分的形貌特征及所含主要元素组成特征，在Zoohpycos遗迹化石的充填物内识别出球状、杆状、网状、簇状、瓶状和似脑球形等与微生物成因相关的6种碳酸盐岩微形体（单体矿物和集合体）；(5)基于太原组各灰岩层岩性特征、微相和化石类型的分布规律，总结出研究区下二叠统太原组遗迹化石、遗迹组构、碳酸盐岩微相垂向演化特征，并绘制了综合演化图。
On basis of the detail observation and description of the Lower Permian TaiyuanFormation exposed in Jiaozuo and Yuzhou areas of Henan province and Lingchuan areaof Shanxi province located in the southwest of north China basin, this project mainlydeals with the composition of ichnofossil, morphologic feature and behaviour ofZoophycos, ichnofabric types, microfacies of carbonate rocks as well as carbonatemicroform types and their environment evolutional characteristics, five aspects ofresults are chiefly obtained as follows:(1) Based on the fossil composition andlithologic character of limestones of the Taiyuan Formation in study area,15kinds ofmicrofacies of carbonate rocks were divided and their composition were discussed;(2)13ichnogenus and18ichnospecies were recognized and described according toichnotaxonomy regulation, meanwhile, from observations of the morphology ofZoophycos spreiten in approximately vertical sections, at least three kinds of spreitelaminae are distinguished, including ligular, crescentic and rectangular forms, and4kinds of make-trace behaviours formed a spreiten lamina were suggested;(3)5types ofichnofabrics in the carbonate rocks of the Taiyuan Formation were recognized,including TypeA-Gordia—Planolitesichnofabric,TypeB-Rhizocorallium–Thalassinoidesichnofabric, Type C-Zoophycos–Taenidium ichnofabric, Type D-Zoophycos–Speckleburrow (intensively bioturbation) ichnofabric and Type E-Chondrites–Nereitesichnofabric, in which Type C was further subdivided into Type C-1, Type C-2and TypeC-3based on their occurrence feature, and designed a sedimentary environment model ofichnofabrics in the Taiyuan Formation;(4) On basis of the fine observation ofmicroscopic, ultramicroscopic composition and carbonate microform constituents in thered, black, grey and off-white burrow filling of Zoophycos ichnofossils and the analysisof morphologic characteristics containing constituents and main elements in the fillingof Zoophycos burrow in this formation,6kinds of carbonate microform types （singlemineral and aggregates） related to microbe as Spheroid-like, rhabditiform, net-like,areatus，vase-like and harns-like globe were recognized;(5) From aforesaid research,vertical evolutional characteristics of ichnofossils, ichnofabrics and microfacies types ofcarbonate rocks in the Lower Permian Taiyuan Formation of this study area were summarized and the chart of synthetical evolution was also draw out.
引文
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