高铁和重载条件下电气化铁道干扰对室外信号影响研究
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摘要
高铁和重载铁路中的信号控制系统大量采用微电子技术,对电磁干扰更加敏感,而电磁环境则趋于复杂和恶劣。电磁干扰可能带来信号设备错误动作,影响行车效率,甚至威胁到运输安全。本论文以此为背景,面向强电磁干扰即牵引电流传导性干扰和大能量瞬态干扰对轨道电路和信号电缆等室外信号设备的影响机理及相应的防护技术进行研究,主要工作包括以下四个方面。
1.在牵引供电系统模型基础上,构建了高铁和重载条件下包含桥梁、信号电缆、贯通地线等因素的综合模型,给出了牵引电流分布的节点方程组,对主要影响因素进行了计算和评估。完成了信号电缆中电流推算,并对单端和双端接地下的干扰数值进行理论计算对比,通过仿真测试验证,得出单端接地优于双端接地的结论。
2.研究了牵引电流特征和影响轨道电路的机理,设计并实现了高铁和重载站内轨道电路抗牵引电流干扰方案；将Zoom FFT算法应用于轨道电路接收,结合信号和谐波干扰频谱特征,提出了特征分析和信号识别方法。
3.研究了与牵引电流相关的大能量瞬态现象,即高铁站内机械绝缘烧损、重载桥梁区段信号电缆烧损问题。通过模拟运行环境设计了测试方案,取得全面的电压电流数据及相关特性,利用Cassie和Mayr理论模型进行综合特征分析,得出了上述瞬态现象发生机理是由于电弧高温引起的结论。
4.研究了电磁干扰影响设备的综合监测问题,提出了基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的室外分布式监测方案,评估了信道电磁干扰；设计了图像拼接算法来扩大铁路视频监测系统的视野；以轨道电路故障诊断为例,设计了基于数据的混合算法以获得较好的实时性和准确性。
Microelectronic technology has been increasingly applied in signaling control system of high speed and heavy haul railways, which is essentially sensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by electrified railway. EMI may lead to signal malfunction that will consequently disrupt railway operation even threaten the safety. Under this background, featuring the influence of strong EMI, e.g. conductive interference and transient, upon track circuit and signal cable, interference mechanism and corresponding preventive measures are discussed in this thesis. Major work focuses the following four aspects.
At first, considering some key influential factors such as ground wire, bridge section and signal cables, a novel model was established to analyze the distribution of traction current by a group of node-voltage equations. After interference values were analyzed and calculated theoretically between single grounding and double grounding, the result that single grounding is better than the latter was verified in indoor simulation test.
Secondly, the characteristics of traction current and its impact on track circuit were studied; then the solution of station track circuit for high speed and heavy haul railways was designed and implemented, which can meet the requirement under high traction current interference. In addition, according to distribution features of signal and harmonics, Zoom FFT algorithm was adopted in the track circuit receiver, and feature-based method was discussed to identify the polluted signal spectrum.
Thirdly, transient phenomena related with traction current were illustrated on two cases, one is the damage of insulation joint in high speed railway station, the other is the burning of signal cable in bridge section of heavy haul railway. In accordance with the actual operation, the simulation test was devised to acquire enough and synchronized voltage and current data, which were analyzed and matched with Cassie and Mayr arc combined model. Further, the high temperature from electric arc was confirmed to be the reason of the phenomena.
Finally, concerning synthetically monitoring interference on track-side signaling, the distributed monitoring scheme based on ZigBee wireless sensor network technology was designed; an image mosaic algorithm was implemented to enlarge the target view and range; and a data-based hybrid algorithm was developed on track circuit fault diagnosis to improve its real-time and accuracy.
1.在牵引供电系统模型基础上,构建了高铁和重载条件下包含桥梁、信号电缆、贯通地线等因素的综合模型,给出了牵引电流分布的节点方程组,对主要影响因素进行了计算和评估。完成了信号电缆中电流推算,并对单端和双端接地下的干扰数值进行理论计算对比,通过仿真测试验证,得出单端接地优于双端接地的结论。
2.研究了牵引电流特征和影响轨道电路的机理,设计并实现了高铁和重载站内轨道电路抗牵引电流干扰方案；将Zoom FFT算法应用于轨道电路接收,结合信号和谐波干扰频谱特征,提出了特征分析和信号识别方法。
3.研究了与牵引电流相关的大能量瞬态现象,即高铁站内机械绝缘烧损、重载桥梁区段信号电缆烧损问题。通过模拟运行环境设计了测试方案,取得全面的电压电流数据及相关特性,利用Cassie和Mayr理论模型进行综合特征分析,得出了上述瞬态现象发生机理是由于电弧高温引起的结论。
4.研究了电磁干扰影响设备的综合监测问题,提出了基于ZigBee无线传感器网络的室外分布式监测方案,评估了信道电磁干扰；设计了图像拼接算法来扩大铁路视频监测系统的视野；以轨道电路故障诊断为例,设计了基于数据的混合算法以获得较好的实时性和准确性。
Microelectronic technology has been increasingly applied in signaling control system of high speed and heavy haul railways, which is essentially sensitive to electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by electrified railway. EMI may lead to signal malfunction that will consequently disrupt railway operation even threaten the safety. Under this background, featuring the influence of strong EMI, e.g. conductive interference and transient, upon track circuit and signal cable, interference mechanism and corresponding preventive measures are discussed in this thesis. Major work focuses the following four aspects.
At first, considering some key influential factors such as ground wire, bridge section and signal cables, a novel model was established to analyze the distribution of traction current by a group of node-voltage equations. After interference values were analyzed and calculated theoretically between single grounding and double grounding, the result that single grounding is better than the latter was verified in indoor simulation test.
Secondly, the characteristics of traction current and its impact on track circuit were studied; then the solution of station track circuit for high speed and heavy haul railways was designed and implemented, which can meet the requirement under high traction current interference. In addition, according to distribution features of signal and harmonics, Zoom FFT algorithm was adopted in the track circuit receiver, and feature-based method was discussed to identify the polluted signal spectrum.
Thirdly, transient phenomena related with traction current were illustrated on two cases, one is the damage of insulation joint in high speed railway station, the other is the burning of signal cable in bridge section of heavy haul railway. In accordance with the actual operation, the simulation test was devised to acquire enough and synchronized voltage and current data, which were analyzed and matched with Cassie and Mayr arc combined model. Further, the high temperature from electric arc was confirmed to be the reason of the phenomena.
Finally, concerning synthetically monitoring interference on track-side signaling, the distributed monitoring scheme based on ZigBee wireless sensor network technology was designed; an image mosaic algorithm was implemented to enlarge the target view and range; and a data-based hybrid algorithm was developed on track circuit fault diagnosis to improve its real-time and accuracy.
引文
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