铂（Ⅳ）和铑（Ⅲ）离子印迹聚合物的制备、性能及应用研究
|
摘要
本文在查阅了大量文献的基础上,对铂的性质、用途特别是铂的分离分析方法进行了简单总结后,选择了离子印迹技术来制备铂和铑的分离材料。具体研究工作内容如下：1.铂离子印迹聚合物的制备、性能及应用研究
为了制备对Pt(IV)具有选择性识别能力的材料用于铂的分离富集,本实验一是利用紫外光谱法和计算模拟技术研究了模板PtC162与几种功能单体的结合情况,计算了结合常数、结合比和结合反应的反应能量,推测了PtCl62-与不同功能单体结合的可能位点；二是优化了以单一功能单体和混合功能单体制备铂离子印迹聚合物的制备条件,包括模板种类、功能单体种类与用量以及交联剂用量和聚合方法；三是测定了聚合物的吸附特征参数,并用IR、扫描电镜以及比表面分析法表征了聚合物的结构；四是用优化得到的铂离子印迹聚合物作为固相萃取剂,在优化了固相萃取条件,包括上样、非特异性淋洗、特异性洗脱的条件后,建立了一个分禺Pt(IV)的固相萃取方法。实验结果表明,以NAU为单一功能单体,PtC162为模板,甲醇为致孔剂,用沉淀聚合法在固定模板、功能单体、交联剂(EGDMA)的加入摩尔比为1：4：50的条件下制备的铂离子印迹聚合物(定义为IIP15)具有理想的吸附性能,在Pt(IV)的起始浓度为0.04mg/mL时,其平衡吸附量为8.34mg/g,印迹因子为1.72。用100mg该印迹聚合物制备的固相萃取柱,在保持固相萃取仪转速为5rmp的条件下,采用0.5mL Pt(IV)含量不高于50μg的样品溶液(调节pH到7.0)上样,然后用1mL pH5.4的水溶液对柱子进行非特异性淋洗,再用3mLlmol/L的HCl溶液对柱子进行特异性洗脱,萃取回收率可以达到79.9%以上,且经过非特异性淋洗后,其它铂族金属离子如Pd(II). Rh(III)、Ir(IV)和Ru(III)基本不被柱子所保留,证明所建立的方法以及所制备的铂离子印迹聚合物都具有实际应用价值。
2.铑离子印迹聚合物的制备与性能研究
以RhCl63为模板,丙烯酰胺(AM)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,甲醇为致孔剂,在优化了功能单体用量、交联剂用量及聚合方法等聚合条件后,固定模板、功能单体及交联剂的加入摩尔比为1：1：40,用沉淀聚合法制备了一个对Rh(III)具有较好吸附性能与吸附平衡速度的离子印迹聚合物,它在Rh(III)的起始浓度为10μg/mL的溶液中对Rh(III)的平衡吸附量为4.45mg/g,印迹因子为1.71。Scatchard分析结果表明,该印迹聚合物对Rh(Ⅲ)的吸附存在高、低亲和性两类结合位点,这两类结合位点的离解常数Kd分别为95.60μg/mL和22.49μg/mL,饱和结合位点数Q.max分别为24.70mg/g和54.03mg/g。
The ion imprinted technique was considered to use for the preparation of the separation materials for platinum and rhodium after the properties, especially the basic methods for separation, enrichment and detection of platinum were reviewed based on a large number of literatures consulted. The results of this thesis showed as follows:
1. Study on the preparation, performance and application of Pt(IV) ion imprinted polymer
To preparation of a material with selective recognition for preconcentration and separation of platinum, the ion imprinting technique was used in the paper. Firstly, the interaction between template PtCl62-and several functional monomers including the binding constant, bonding ratio and reaction energy of bonding were studied by ultraviolet spectrum (UV) and computer simulation technology. Secondingly, the preparation conditions of the Pt(IV) ion imprinted polymers (IIPs) with single functional monomer and mixed functional monomer were optimized. Those conditions included type of template and functional monomer, combinations of functional monomer and cross-linker (EGDMA) together with the polymerization method. Thirdly, the adsorption parameters as well as the structure and surface morphology of the obtained polymers were studied by the rebinding experiment, IR spectrum and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Finally, an ion-imprint based solid phase extraction (IIP-SPE) method was developed by using the obtained polymer particles as sorbent after the experimental parameters in the step of loading, washing and eluting affecting the extraction efficiency and selectivity were studied carefully. The results indicated that the imprinted polymer (IIP15) prepared by the precipitation polymerization with PtCl62-as template, N-allylurea (NAU) as functional monomer and the ratio of Pt (IV), NAU and EGDMA as1:4:50possessed the satisfactory adsorption properties. The adsorption capacity and imprinting factor of IIP15in the methanol solution containing0.04mg/mL Pt(IV) were obtained as8.34mg/g and1.72, respectively. The IIP-SPE extraction experiments revealed that the percent extraction of Pt (IV) was more that70%, while only few of the other platinum metals were extracted by the optimizatical extraction procedure. The IIP-SPE extraction procedure involved three steps, i.e. loading, washing and eluting. For loading, the sample solution was adjusted to pH7.0and passed through the column containing100mg of IIP15, at a rotation rate of solid-phase extraction instrument of5.0rmp. After loading, the column was washed with1.0mL of aqueous solution with pH5.4, and then eluted with3mL of1.0mol L-1HCl at the same rotation rate of the instrument. All of the experiment results proved the application value of obtained Pt(IV) ion imprinted polymers (IIP15) and ion-imprint based solid phase extraction method.
2. Studies on preparation and properties of a Rh(III) ion imprinted polymer
A Rh(III) ion imprinted polymer with satisfactory adsorption properties was obtained by precipitation polymerization with RhCl63-as template, acrylamide (AM) as functional monomer, EGDMA as crosslinker monomer, methoanol as porogen and the ratio of Rh(III), AM and EGDMA as1:4:40. The obtained IIPs showed a comparatively high adsorption capacity (4.45mg/g) and good selectivity (with the imprinting factor of1.71) in5mL of methanol solution containing10μg/mL Rh(III). The results obtained from Scatchard analysis pointed that there are two classes of binding sites existed in the obtained IIP with the dissociation constants of95.60μg/mL and22.49μg/mL, and the affinity binding sites of24.70mg/g and54.03mg/g, respectively.
为了制备对Pt(IV)具有选择性识别能力的材料用于铂的分离富集,本实验一是利用紫外光谱法和计算模拟技术研究了模板PtC162与几种功能单体的结合情况,计算了结合常数、结合比和结合反应的反应能量,推测了PtCl62-与不同功能单体结合的可能位点；二是优化了以单一功能单体和混合功能单体制备铂离子印迹聚合物的制备条件,包括模板种类、功能单体种类与用量以及交联剂用量和聚合方法；三是测定了聚合物的吸附特征参数,并用IR、扫描电镜以及比表面分析法表征了聚合物的结构；四是用优化得到的铂离子印迹聚合物作为固相萃取剂,在优化了固相萃取条件,包括上样、非特异性淋洗、特异性洗脱的条件后,建立了一个分禺Pt(IV)的固相萃取方法。实验结果表明,以NAU为单一功能单体,PtC162为模板,甲醇为致孔剂,用沉淀聚合法在固定模板、功能单体、交联剂(EGDMA)的加入摩尔比为1：4：50的条件下制备的铂离子印迹聚合物(定义为IIP15)具有理想的吸附性能,在Pt(IV)的起始浓度为0.04mg/mL时,其平衡吸附量为8.34mg/g,印迹因子为1.72。用100mg该印迹聚合物制备的固相萃取柱,在保持固相萃取仪转速为5rmp的条件下,采用0.5mL Pt(IV)含量不高于50μg的样品溶液(调节pH到7.0)上样,然后用1mL pH5.4的水溶液对柱子进行非特异性淋洗,再用3mLlmol/L的HCl溶液对柱子进行特异性洗脱,萃取回收率可以达到79.9%以上,且经过非特异性淋洗后,其它铂族金属离子如Pd(II). Rh(III)、Ir(IV)和Ru(III)基本不被柱子所保留,证明所建立的方法以及所制备的铂离子印迹聚合物都具有实际应用价值。
2.铑离子印迹聚合物的制备与性能研究
以RhCl63为模板,丙烯酰胺(AM)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂,甲醇为致孔剂,在优化了功能单体用量、交联剂用量及聚合方法等聚合条件后,固定模板、功能单体及交联剂的加入摩尔比为1：1：40,用沉淀聚合法制备了一个对Rh(III)具有较好吸附性能与吸附平衡速度的离子印迹聚合物,它在Rh(III)的起始浓度为10μg/mL的溶液中对Rh(III)的平衡吸附量为4.45mg/g,印迹因子为1.71。Scatchard分析结果表明,该印迹聚合物对Rh(Ⅲ)的吸附存在高、低亲和性两类结合位点,这两类结合位点的离解常数Kd分别为95.60μg/mL和22.49μg/mL,饱和结合位点数Q.max分别为24.70mg/g和54.03mg/g。
The ion imprinted technique was considered to use for the preparation of the separation materials for platinum and rhodium after the properties, especially the basic methods for separation, enrichment and detection of platinum were reviewed based on a large number of literatures consulted. The results of this thesis showed as follows:
1. Study on the preparation, performance and application of Pt(IV) ion imprinted polymer
To preparation of a material with selective recognition for preconcentration and separation of platinum, the ion imprinting technique was used in the paper. Firstly, the interaction between template PtCl62-and several functional monomers including the binding constant, bonding ratio and reaction energy of bonding were studied by ultraviolet spectrum (UV) and computer simulation technology. Secondingly, the preparation conditions of the Pt(IV) ion imprinted polymers (IIPs) with single functional monomer and mixed functional monomer were optimized. Those conditions included type of template and functional monomer, combinations of functional monomer and cross-linker (EGDMA) together with the polymerization method. Thirdly, the adsorption parameters as well as the structure and surface morphology of the obtained polymers were studied by the rebinding experiment, IR spectrum and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Finally, an ion-imprint based solid phase extraction (IIP-SPE) method was developed by using the obtained polymer particles as sorbent after the experimental parameters in the step of loading, washing and eluting affecting the extraction efficiency and selectivity were studied carefully. The results indicated that the imprinted polymer (IIP15) prepared by the precipitation polymerization with PtCl62-as template, N-allylurea (NAU) as functional monomer and the ratio of Pt (IV), NAU and EGDMA as1:4:50possessed the satisfactory adsorption properties. The adsorption capacity and imprinting factor of IIP15in the methanol solution containing0.04mg/mL Pt(IV) were obtained as8.34mg/g and1.72, respectively. The IIP-SPE extraction experiments revealed that the percent extraction of Pt (IV) was more that70%, while only few of the other platinum metals were extracted by the optimizatical extraction procedure. The IIP-SPE extraction procedure involved three steps, i.e. loading, washing and eluting. For loading, the sample solution was adjusted to pH7.0and passed through the column containing100mg of IIP15, at a rotation rate of solid-phase extraction instrument of5.0rmp. After loading, the column was washed with1.0mL of aqueous solution with pH5.4, and then eluted with3mL of1.0mol L-1HCl at the same rotation rate of the instrument. All of the experiment results proved the application value of obtained Pt(IV) ion imprinted polymers (IIP15) and ion-imprint based solid phase extraction method.
2. Studies on preparation and properties of a Rh(III) ion imprinted polymer
A Rh(III) ion imprinted polymer with satisfactory adsorption properties was obtained by precipitation polymerization with RhCl63-as template, acrylamide (AM) as functional monomer, EGDMA as crosslinker monomer, methoanol as porogen and the ratio of Rh(III), AM and EGDMA as1:4:40. The obtained IIPs showed a comparatively high adsorption capacity (4.45mg/g) and good selectivity (with the imprinting factor of1.71) in5mL of methanol solution containing10μg/mL Rh(III). The results obtained from Scatchard analysis pointed that there are two classes of binding sites existed in the obtained IIP with the dissociation constants of95.60μg/mL and22.49μg/mL, and the affinity binding sites of24.70mg/g and54.03mg/g, respectively.
引文
[1]陈景,铂族金属冶金化学[M],北京：科学出版社,2008,3-10.
[2]董守安,现代贵金属分析M],北京：化学工业出版社,2006,1-4.
[3]李东亮,银、金、铂的性质及其应用[M],北京：高等教育出版社,1998,3-10.
[4]任丽萍,孙英,大学普通化学(下)[M],北京：中国农业出版社,1981,1-14.
[5]刘时杰.铂族金属矿冶学.冶金工业出版社,2001.11-15.
[6]谭庆麟,阙振寰.铂族金属的性质及其在冶金材料中的应用.北京：冶金工业出版社,1990,16-19.
[7]R.Ortega, M-C. Biston, G. Deves, S. Bohic, A. Carmona. Nuclear microprobe determination of platinum quantitative distribution in rat brain tumors after cisplatin or carboplatin injection for PAT treatment of glioma[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research.2005, 321-325.
[8]P.S. Hooda, A. Miller, A.C. Edwards. The distribution of automobile catalysts-cast platinum, palladium and rhodium in soils adjacent to roads and their uptake by grass[J]. Science of the Total Environment 2007,384:384-392.
[9]郭青蔚.铂金属的资源开发与应用展望[J].世界有色金属2000,(4)：44.
[10]王治中,铂族金属的应用与前景[J],中国资源综合利用.2001.08,35-35.
[11]SunYali, GuanXiyun, DuAndao,Determination of platinum group elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry combined with nickel sulfide fire assay and tellurium coprecipitation[J].Spectrochimica Acta,Part B.1998,53:1463-1467.
[12]Claudia P.R. Morcelli, Ana Maria G. Figueiredo, Jacinta Enzweiler. Determination of Platinum-Group Elements in Geological Reference Materials by High Resolution-ICP-MS after Nickel Sulfide Fire-Assay Collection and Te Co-Precipitation[J]. Geost and ards and research geoanalytical.2008, (7):305-310.
[13]K..S. McIntosh, D. Auer, K.R. Koch, J.J. Eksteen, Integrating pyrometallurgy and robotic systems engineering:Fully automated fire assay laboratory for rapid PGE analysis [J]. Minerals Engineering.2006,19:219-231.
[14]M. B. Gmez, M. M. Gmez, M. A. Palacios. ICP-MS determination of Pt, Pd and Rh in airborne and road dust after tellurium coprecipitation[J]. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2003,18:80-83.
[15]M. Gros, J. P. Lorand, A. Luguet. Analysis of platinum group elements and gold in geological materials using NiS fire assay and Te coprecipitation; the NiS dissolution step revisitedfJ]. Chemical Geology.2002,185:179-190.
[16]I.A.Kovaley, L.V. Bogacheva, G.I. Tsysin. FIA-FAAS system including on-line solid phase extraction for the determination of palladium, platinum and rhodium in alloys and ores[J]. Talanta.2000,52:39-50.
[17]M. Chappuy, E. Caudron, A. Bellanger, D. Pradeau. Determination of platinum traces contamination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration by cloud point extraction[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials.2010,176:207-212.
[18]Q. F. Hu, X. J. Yang, Z. J. Huang, Simultaneous determination of palladium, platinum, rhodium and gold by on-line solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with 5-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylazo)thiorhodanine as pre-column derivatization regents[J]. Journal of Chromatography A..2005,1094:77-82.
[19]S. Iwao, S. Fatah, K. Furukawa, et.al. Recovery of platinum from spent catalyst with supercritical CO2 and chelating agent[J], The Journal of Supercritical Fluids.2007,42 (2):200-204.
[20]Z. Hubicki, M. Leszczy, B. Odyga, et.al. Recovery of palladium(Ⅱ) from chloride and chloride-nitrate solutions using ion-exchange resins with S-donor atoms[J]. Desalination,2007. 207(1/3):80-86.
[21]K. Shamsa, F. Goodarzi. Improved and selective platinum recovery from spent A-alumina supported catalysts using pretreated anionic ion exchange resin[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,131(1/3):229-237.
[22]李现红,佘振宝,闫庆秀.PAN-S螫合形成树脂分离富集-极谱法连续测定地质样品中的贵金属[J].世界地质,2007,26(3)：385-389.
[23]I Matsubara, Takeda Y. Improved recovery of trace amounts of gold (Ⅲ), palladium (Ⅱ) and platinum(IV) from large amounts of cassociated basemetals using an ion-exchange resins [J]. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2000,366(3):213-217.
[24]O.N. Kononova, T.A. Leyman, A.M. Melnikov, D.M. Kashirin. Ion exchange recovery of platinum from chloride solutions[J]. Hydrometallurgy.2010,100:161-167.
[25]P. Kovacheva, R. Djingova. Ion-exchange method for separation and concentration of platinum and palladium for analysis of environmental samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry[J].Analytica Chimica Acta.2002,464:7-13.
[26]李慧芝,翟殿棠,寿崇琦.超支化聚合物吸附铂、金和钯及化学光谱行为的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(9)：1724-1727.
[27]许瑞梅,陈水挟,黄慧星.活性炭纤维对铂(Ⅳ)的还原吸附及其影响因素的研究[J].功能材料,2006,27(4)：604-610.
[28]吴俊,李丹,石英,向兆,地质样品中金、铂、钯的分析动态[J].分析试验室,2010,29(1)：105-108.
[29]路璐,胡显智,叶国华,微量铂族金属元素的分析研究进展[J].贵金属,2009,30(1)：69-77.
[30]李慧芝,张瑾,解文秀,曹法全,4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚固相萃取分光光度法测定痕量 铂[J].冶金分析,2010,30(6)：58-61.
[31]马东兰,王昀,丁国生,马狂飙,王瑾晔,树脂分离光度法测定金、钯、铂[J].分析试验室,2011,30(4)：15-18.
[32]朱茜,邓飞跃,彭穗,丘克强,罗集,真空蒸馏预富集双十二烷基二硫代乙二酰胺光度法测定微量铂钯[J].冶金分析,2010,30(2)：13-16.
[33]李艳辉,许兴友,马卫兴,高芳,4,5二溴邻硝基苯基荧光酮分光光度法测定催化剂中铂[J].冶金分析,2008,28(10)：71-73.
[34]Y. W. Wu, Z. C. Jiang, B. Hu, J. K. Duan. Electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry determination of gold, palladium, and platinum using chelating resin YPA4 as both extractant and chemical modifier[J]. Talanta.2004,63:585-592.
[35]曾念华,诸堃,毛英,火试金富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定矿样中微量铂和钯[J].2010,46(10)：1173-1175.
[36]杨丽飞,陈炎,马德起,改性木质素富集电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定铜精矿中的金铂钯[J].理化验-化学分册,2011,47(3)：339-341.
[37]S. Woinska, B. Godlewska-Zylkiewicz. Determination of platinum and palladium in road dust after their separation on immobilized fungus by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B.2011,66:522-528.
[38]施意华,王晟,杨仲平,靳晓珠,胡圣虹,邓水平,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定尾气净化金属载体催化剂中铂钯铑[J].分析试验室,2011,30(5)：21-24.
[39]王世亮,叶红杨,马晓芹,许媛媛,储成顶,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血浆中铂[J].理化检验-化学分册,2010,45(3)：257-259.
[40]严方,谢永杰,X射线荧光光谱测定一氧化碳助燃剂中的铂[J],光谱实验室,2012,29(1)：495-498.
[41]闫红岭,李振,刘军,高志军,湿法分解—等离子体质谱测定区域地球化学调查样品中金、铂、钯[J].黄金2011,32(8)：61-64.
[42]杨永兴,李晓林,李玉兰,谈明光,陆文忠,张桂林,李燕,阳离子交换树脂分离电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定空气颗粒物中铂族元素[J],分析化学,2009,37(3)：437-440
[43]C. E. James, R. N. Clive, A..O'Neill James., C. J. Jinesh. Quantifying the platinum group elements (PGEs) and gold in geological samples using cation exchange pretreatment and ultrasonic nebulization inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (USN-ICP-MS)[JJ. Chemical Geology,1999,157:219-234.
[44]K Shinotsuka, K. Suzuki. Simultaneous determination of platinum group elements and rhenium in rock samples using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after cation exchange separation followed by solvent extraction[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007, 603:129-139.
[45]B. Rietz, A. K. Hansen, M. Rorth. Determination of platinum by radiochemical neutron activation analysis in neural tissues from rats, monkeys and patients treated with cisplatinfJ]. Analytica Chimica Acta.20014,26:119-126.
[46]S. Lahirp, S. Dey, T. K. Baidya, M. Nandy, D. Basu, N. R. Das. Neutron activation analysis of noble and platinum group metals in the proterozoic dalma rocks of eastern India[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2003,459:158-167.
[47]Zeev B. Alfassia, Thomas U. Probstb, Bernd Rietz. Platinum determination by instrumental neutron activation analysis with special reference to the spectral interference of Sc-47 on the platinum indicator nuclide Au-199[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,1998,360:243-252.
[48]S. N. Lanjwani, R. Zhu, M. Y. Khuhawar, Z. F. Ding. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of platinum in blood and urine samples of cancer patients after administration of cisplatin drug using solvent extraction and N,N-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-propanediamine as complexation reagent[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis.2006,40:833-839.
[49]M.Y. Khuhawar*, S.N. Lanjwani, S.A. Memon. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cisplatin as platinum(II) in a pharmaceutical preparation and blood samples of cancer patients[J] Journal of Chromatography B,1997,693:175-179.
[50]张萍,杨慧,宋梅,曹丹,RP-HPLC法测定卡铂制剂中卡铂的含量[J].中国药房.2012,23(4)：367-369.
[51]崔永春,胡秋芬,杨光宇,尹家元,用对羧基苯偶氮硫代若丹宁柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定氰化尾渣中的金、铂、钯、铑的研究[J].稀有金属,2005,29(1)：72-75.
[52]高小茵,吴献花,朱利亚,胡秋芬,杨光宇.4-羟基萘-1-亚甲基若丹宁柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定Pt、Pd、Rh[J].贵金属,2005,26(2)：42-45.
[53]陈义,毛细管电泳技术及应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005,2-6.
[54]B.W. Wenclawiak, M. Wollmann. Separation of platinum(II) anti-tumour drugs by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1996,724:317-326.
[55]A. R. Timerbaev, A. Kung, B. K. Keppler. Capillary electrophoresis of platinum-group elements analytical, speciation and biochemical studies[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2002,945:25-44.
[56]苏强,刘清飞,吴娟芳,王义明,毕开顺,刘伟平,罗国安,高效毛细管电泳联用电喷雾-质谱法研究新型抗癌铂配合物的稳定性[J].分析化学,2007,35(12)：1721-1725.
[57]小宫山真著,吴世康,汪鹏飞译.分子印迹学-从基础到应用[M].科学出版社,2006：8-13.
[58]朱全红,冯建涌,罗佳波,分子印迹聚合物在中药研究中的应用[J].中草药,2008,39(2)285-297.
[59]黄健祥,胡玉斐,潘加亮,许志刚,李攻科,分子印迹样品前处理技术的研究进展[J],中国 科学(B辑),2009,39(8)：733-746.
[60]齐小玲,王悦秋,张朔瑶,魏双,邓安平,分子印迹聚合物的制备方法及应用进展[J].化学研究与应用,2009,2 1(4)：441-449.
[61]周杰,何锡文,史慧明,金属配位模板聚合物的分子识别特性的研究[J].分析科学报1999,15(2)：89-93.
[62]朱琳琰,张荣华,朱志良,金属离子印迹技术研究进展[J],化学通报,2010,(4)：326-331.
[63]范洪涛,孙挺,董佳,离子印迹聚合物及其在分析化学中的应用[J],化学通报,2009,(1)：10-14.
[64]牟怀燕,高云玲,付坤,等,离子印迹聚合物研究进展[J],化工进展,2011,30(11)：2467-2480.
[65]邓勃,印迹技术在痕量金属分离富集中的应用[J],中国无机分析化学2011,1(1)：1-6.
[66]T Prasada Rao, R Kala, S Daniel, Metal ion-imprinted polymers—Novel materials for selective recognition of inorganics[J], Anal. Chim. Acta,2006,578:105.
[67]T Prasada Rao, S Daniel, J Mary Gladis, Tailored materials for preconcentration or separation of metals by ion-imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction[J], Trends in Anal, Chem.2004, 23(1):28.
[68]薛庆华.钯(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物的制备及其对钯(Ⅱ)离子的分离和富集性能[J].理化检验-化学分册,2009,45(7)：783-786.
[69]H Zheng, D Zhang, W Y Wang, Highly selective determination of palladium(Ⅱ) after preconcentration using Pd(Ⅱ)-imprinted functionalized silica gel sorbent prepared by a surface imprinting technique[J]. Microchim Acta,2007,157:7-11.
[70]B Godlewska-Zylkiewicz, B Lesniewska, I Wawreniuk. Assessment of ion imprinted polymers based on Pd(II) chelate complexes for preconcentration and FAAS determination of palladium[J]. Talanta.2010,83:596-604.
[71]S Daniel, R S Praveen, T Prasada Rao, Ternary ion-association complex based ion imprinted polymers (ⅡPs) for trace determination of palladium(II) in environmental samples[J]. Anal. Chim Acta,2006,570:79-87.
[72]B Godlewska-Zylkiewicz, E Zambrzycka, B Lesniewska, et al, Wilczewska, Separation of ruthenium from environmental samples on polymeric sorbent based on imprinted Ru(Ⅲ)-allyl acetoacetate complex[J]. Talanta.2012,89,352-359.
[73]E Zambrzycka, D Roszko, B Lesniewska, et al, Studies of ion-imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction of ruthenium from environmental samples before its determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry[J]. Spectrochim. Acta Part B.2011,66:508-516.
[74]H A Shawky. Synthesis of ion-Imprinting chitosan/PVA crosslinked membrane for selective removal of Ag(I)[J].J. Appl. Polym. Sci..2009,114:2608-2615.
[75]X W, Z L Wang, C L Ma, et al., Enrichment and separation of silver from waste solutions by metal ion imprinted membrane[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2009,100:82-86.
[76]Sergeyeva T. A., Piletska O. V., Piletsky S. A.. Sergeeva L. M., Brovko O. O., Elska G. V.. Data on the structure and recognition properties of the template-selective binding sites in semi-IPN-based molecularly imprinted polymer membranes[J]. Material Science and Engineering C.2008,28:1472-1479.
[77]武利庆,王晶.分子印迹聚合物预组装体系的计算机模拟[J].计算机与应用化学2007,24：1009-1013.
[78]Lin C. F., Huang W. S., Chou H. H., Lin J. T., Synthesis and characterization of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes containing pyrimidine-based ligands[J]. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry,2009,694:2757-2769.
[79]夏树伟,徐香,于红,张慧玲.丙烯腈在Cu(111)面上化学吸附的密度泛函研究及NBO分析[J].高等学校化学学报,2007,28：751-754.
[80]郭洪声,何锡文,邓昌辉,等.药物扑热息痛分子模板聚合物的选择性富集与识别特性研究[J].高等学校化学学报2000,21(3)：363-367.
[81]孙宝维,杨敏莉,李元宗,常文保.模板结构与分子印迹效果间关系的研究[J].化学学报,2003,61(6)：878-884.
[82]Zhou J, He X W, Li Y J. Binding study on 5,5-diphenylhydation imprinted polymer constructed by utilizing an amide functional group[J]. Analytical Chimica Acta.1999,394(8):353-359.
[83]Haupt K, Mosbach K. Plastic antibodies:developments and applications[J]. Trends in Biotechnology,1998,16(11):468-475.
[84]Cormack P A G, Elorza A Z. Molecularly imprinted polymers:synthesis and characterisation [J]. Chromatography B,2004,804(1):173-182
[85]黄德如,汪仁庆,无机和配位化合物的红外拉曼光谱[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1986.
[86]周全法.贵金属深加工及其应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002,18.
[87]Berko A., Szokodblac J., Solymosi F.. Preparation and reactivity of Rh nanoparticles on TiO2 surface[J]. Solid State Ionics,2001,141-142:197-202.
[88]Pellegatta J. L., Blandy C., Colliere V., et al. Catalytic investigation of rhodium nanoparticles in hydrogenation of benzene and phenylacetylene[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,2002,178 (1-2):55-61.
[89]Caporusso A. M., Panziera N., Pertici P., et al. Hydrosilylation of aromatic nitriles promoted by solvated rhodium atom-derived catalysts[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical, 1999,150(1-2):275-285.
[90]Mulukutla R. S., Shido T., Asakura K., et al. Characterization of rhodium oxide nanoparticles in MCM-41 and their catalytic performances for NO-CO reactions in excess O2[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,2002,228(1-2):305-314.
[91]刘志斌,张锦柱,英迪,任卿,田锋,陈艳.溶剂萃取分离铑铱综述[J].矿业快报.2006,10： 30-32.
[92]余建民,贵金属萃取化学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005.
[93]杨赞金,铜(Ⅱ)和铑(Ⅲ)离子印迹聚合物的制备与性能研究.云南大学硕士言语[D],2010,36-51.
[94]杨兵,铱(Ⅳ)和铑(Ⅲ)离子印迹聚合物的制备、性能与应用研究.云南大学硕士论文[D],2011,42-53.
[2]董守安,现代贵金属分析M],北京：化学工业出版社,2006,1-4.
[3]李东亮,银、金、铂的性质及其应用[M],北京：高等教育出版社,1998,3-10.
[4]任丽萍,孙英,大学普通化学(下)[M],北京：中国农业出版社,1981,1-14.
[5]刘时杰.铂族金属矿冶学.冶金工业出版社,2001.11-15.
[6]谭庆麟,阙振寰.铂族金属的性质及其在冶金材料中的应用.北京：冶金工业出版社,1990,16-19.
[7]R.Ortega, M-C. Biston, G. Deves, S. Bohic, A. Carmona. Nuclear microprobe determination of platinum quantitative distribution in rat brain tumors after cisplatin or carboplatin injection for PAT treatment of glioma[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research.2005, 321-325.
[8]P.S. Hooda, A. Miller, A.C. Edwards. The distribution of automobile catalysts-cast platinum, palladium and rhodium in soils adjacent to roads and their uptake by grass[J]. Science of the Total Environment 2007,384:384-392.
[9]郭青蔚.铂金属的资源开发与应用展望[J].世界有色金属2000,(4)：44.
[10]王治中,铂族金属的应用与前景[J],中国资源综合利用.2001.08,35-35.
[11]SunYali, GuanXiyun, DuAndao,Determination of platinum group elements by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry combined with nickel sulfide fire assay and tellurium coprecipitation[J].Spectrochimica Acta,Part B.1998,53:1463-1467.
[12]Claudia P.R. Morcelli, Ana Maria G. Figueiredo, Jacinta Enzweiler. Determination of Platinum-Group Elements in Geological Reference Materials by High Resolution-ICP-MS after Nickel Sulfide Fire-Assay Collection and Te Co-Precipitation[J]. Geost and ards and research geoanalytical.2008, (7):305-310.
[13]K..S. McIntosh, D. Auer, K.R. Koch, J.J. Eksteen, Integrating pyrometallurgy and robotic systems engineering:Fully automated fire assay laboratory for rapid PGE analysis [J]. Minerals Engineering.2006,19:219-231.
[14]M. B. Gmez, M. M. Gmez, M. A. Palacios. ICP-MS determination of Pt, Pd and Rh in airborne and road dust after tellurium coprecipitation[J]. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry, 2003,18:80-83.
[15]M. Gros, J. P. Lorand, A. Luguet. Analysis of platinum group elements and gold in geological materials using NiS fire assay and Te coprecipitation; the NiS dissolution step revisitedfJ]. Chemical Geology.2002,185:179-190.
[16]I.A.Kovaley, L.V. Bogacheva, G.I. Tsysin. FIA-FAAS system including on-line solid phase extraction for the determination of palladium, platinum and rhodium in alloys and ores[J]. Talanta.2000,52:39-50.
[17]M. Chappuy, E. Caudron, A. Bellanger, D. Pradeau. Determination of platinum traces contamination by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after preconcentration by cloud point extraction[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials.2010,176:207-212.
[18]Q. F. Hu, X. J. Yang, Z. J. Huang, Simultaneous determination of palladium, platinum, rhodium and gold by on-line solid phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography with 5-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenylazo)thiorhodanine as pre-column derivatization regents[J]. Journal of Chromatography A..2005,1094:77-82.
[19]S. Iwao, S. Fatah, K. Furukawa, et.al. Recovery of platinum from spent catalyst with supercritical CO2 and chelating agent[J], The Journal of Supercritical Fluids.2007,42 (2):200-204.
[20]Z. Hubicki, M. Leszczy, B. Odyga, et.al. Recovery of palladium(Ⅱ) from chloride and chloride-nitrate solutions using ion-exchange resins with S-donor atoms[J]. Desalination,2007. 207(1/3):80-86.
[21]K. Shamsa, F. Goodarzi. Improved and selective platinum recovery from spent A-alumina supported catalysts using pretreated anionic ion exchange resin[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials,2006,131(1/3):229-237.
[22]李现红,佘振宝,闫庆秀.PAN-S螫合形成树脂分离富集-极谱法连续测定地质样品中的贵金属[J].世界地质,2007,26(3)：385-389.
[23]I Matsubara, Takeda Y. Improved recovery of trace amounts of gold (Ⅲ), palladium (Ⅱ) and platinum(IV) from large amounts of cassociated basemetals using an ion-exchange resins [J]. Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry,2000,366(3):213-217.
[24]O.N. Kononova, T.A. Leyman, A.M. Melnikov, D.M. Kashirin. Ion exchange recovery of platinum from chloride solutions[J]. Hydrometallurgy.2010,100:161-167.
[25]P. Kovacheva, R. Djingova. Ion-exchange method for separation and concentration of platinum and palladium for analysis of environmental samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry[J].Analytica Chimica Acta.2002,464:7-13.
[26]李慧芝,翟殿棠,寿崇琦.超支化聚合物吸附铂、金和钯及化学光谱行为的研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(9)：1724-1727.
[27]许瑞梅,陈水挟,黄慧星.活性炭纤维对铂(Ⅳ)的还原吸附及其影响因素的研究[J].功能材料,2006,27(4)：604-610.
[28]吴俊,李丹,石英,向兆,地质样品中金、铂、钯的分析动态[J].分析试验室,2010,29(1)：105-108.
[29]路璐,胡显智,叶国华,微量铂族金属元素的分析研究进展[J].贵金属,2009,30(1)：69-77.
[30]李慧芝,张瑾,解文秀,曹法全,4-(2-吡啶偶氮)间苯二酚固相萃取分光光度法测定痕量 铂[J].冶金分析,2010,30(6)：58-61.
[31]马东兰,王昀,丁国生,马狂飙,王瑾晔,树脂分离光度法测定金、钯、铂[J].分析试验室,2011,30(4)：15-18.
[32]朱茜,邓飞跃,彭穗,丘克强,罗集,真空蒸馏预富集双十二烷基二硫代乙二酰胺光度法测定微量铂钯[J].冶金分析,2010,30(2)：13-16.
[33]李艳辉,许兴友,马卫兴,高芳,4,5二溴邻硝基苯基荧光酮分光光度法测定催化剂中铂[J].冶金分析,2008,28(10)：71-73.
[34]Y. W. Wu, Z. C. Jiang, B. Hu, J. K. Duan. Electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry determination of gold, palladium, and platinum using chelating resin YPA4 as both extractant and chemical modifier[J]. Talanta.2004,63:585-592.
[35]曾念华,诸堃,毛英,火试金富集-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定矿样中微量铂和钯[J].2010,46(10)：1173-1175.
[36]杨丽飞,陈炎,马德起,改性木质素富集电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱测定铜精矿中的金铂钯[J].理化验-化学分册,2011,47(3)：339-341.
[37]S. Woinska, B. Godlewska-Zylkiewicz. Determination of platinum and palladium in road dust after their separation on immobilized fungus by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry[J]. Spectrochimica Acta Part B.2011,66:522-528.
[38]施意华,王晟,杨仲平,靳晓珠,胡圣虹,邓水平,火焰原子吸收光谱法测定尾气净化金属载体催化剂中铂钯铑[J].分析试验室,2011,30(5)：21-24.
[39]王世亮,叶红杨,马晓芹,许媛媛,储成顶,石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血浆中铂[J].理化检验-化学分册,2010,45(3)：257-259.
[40]严方,谢永杰,X射线荧光光谱测定一氧化碳助燃剂中的铂[J],光谱实验室,2012,29(1)：495-498.
[41]闫红岭,李振,刘军,高志军,湿法分解—等离子体质谱测定区域地球化学调查样品中金、铂、钯[J].黄金2011,32(8)：61-64.
[42]杨永兴,李晓林,李玉兰,谈明光,陆文忠,张桂林,李燕,阳离子交换树脂分离电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定空气颗粒物中铂族元素[J],分析化学,2009,37(3)：437-440
[43]C. E. James, R. N. Clive, A..O'Neill James., C. J. Jinesh. Quantifying the platinum group elements (PGEs) and gold in geological samples using cation exchange pretreatment and ultrasonic nebulization inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (USN-ICP-MS)[JJ. Chemical Geology,1999,157:219-234.
[44]K Shinotsuka, K. Suzuki. Simultaneous determination of platinum group elements and rhenium in rock samples using isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry after cation exchange separation followed by solvent extraction[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2007, 603:129-139.
[45]B. Rietz, A. K. Hansen, M. Rorth. Determination of platinum by radiochemical neutron activation analysis in neural tissues from rats, monkeys and patients treated with cisplatinfJ]. Analytica Chimica Acta.20014,26:119-126.
[46]S. Lahirp, S. Dey, T. K. Baidya, M. Nandy, D. Basu, N. R. Das. Neutron activation analysis of noble and platinum group metals in the proterozoic dalma rocks of eastern India[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2003,459:158-167.
[47]Zeev B. Alfassia, Thomas U. Probstb, Bernd Rietz. Platinum determination by instrumental neutron activation analysis with special reference to the spectral interference of Sc-47 on the platinum indicator nuclide Au-199[J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,1998,360:243-252.
[48]S. N. Lanjwani, R. Zhu, M. Y. Khuhawar, Z. F. Ding. High performance liquid chromatographic determination of platinum in blood and urine samples of cancer patients after administration of cisplatin drug using solvent extraction and N,N-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-propanediamine as complexation reagent[J]. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis.2006,40:833-839.
[49]M.Y. Khuhawar*, S.N. Lanjwani, S.A. Memon. High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of cisplatin as platinum(II) in a pharmaceutical preparation and blood samples of cancer patients[J] Journal of Chromatography B,1997,693:175-179.
[50]张萍,杨慧,宋梅,曹丹,RP-HPLC法测定卡铂制剂中卡铂的含量[J].中国药房.2012,23(4)：367-369.
[51]崔永春,胡秋芬,杨光宇,尹家元,用对羧基苯偶氮硫代若丹宁柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定氰化尾渣中的金、铂、钯、铑的研究[J].稀有金属,2005,29(1)：72-75.
[52]高小茵,吴献花,朱利亚,胡秋芬,杨光宇.4-羟基萘-1-亚甲基若丹宁柱前衍生高效液相色谱法测定Pt、Pd、Rh[J].贵金属,2005,26(2)：42-45.
[53]陈义,毛细管电泳技术及应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005,2-6.
[54]B.W. Wenclawiak, M. Wollmann. Separation of platinum(II) anti-tumour drugs by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 1996,724:317-326.
[55]A. R. Timerbaev, A. Kung, B. K. Keppler. Capillary electrophoresis of platinum-group elements analytical, speciation and biochemical studies[J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2002,945:25-44.
[56]苏强,刘清飞,吴娟芳,王义明,毕开顺,刘伟平,罗国安,高效毛细管电泳联用电喷雾-质谱法研究新型抗癌铂配合物的稳定性[J].分析化学,2007,35(12)：1721-1725.
[57]小宫山真著,吴世康,汪鹏飞译.分子印迹学-从基础到应用[M].科学出版社,2006：8-13.
[58]朱全红,冯建涌,罗佳波,分子印迹聚合物在中药研究中的应用[J].中草药,2008,39(2)285-297.
[59]黄健祥,胡玉斐,潘加亮,许志刚,李攻科,分子印迹样品前处理技术的研究进展[J],中国 科学(B辑),2009,39(8)：733-746.
[60]齐小玲,王悦秋,张朔瑶,魏双,邓安平,分子印迹聚合物的制备方法及应用进展[J].化学研究与应用,2009,2 1(4)：441-449.
[61]周杰,何锡文,史慧明,金属配位模板聚合物的分子识别特性的研究[J].分析科学报1999,15(2)：89-93.
[62]朱琳琰,张荣华,朱志良,金属离子印迹技术研究进展[J],化学通报,2010,(4)：326-331.
[63]范洪涛,孙挺,董佳,离子印迹聚合物及其在分析化学中的应用[J],化学通报,2009,(1)：10-14.
[64]牟怀燕,高云玲,付坤,等,离子印迹聚合物研究进展[J],化工进展,2011,30(11)：2467-2480.
[65]邓勃,印迹技术在痕量金属分离富集中的应用[J],中国无机分析化学2011,1(1)：1-6.
[66]T Prasada Rao, R Kala, S Daniel, Metal ion-imprinted polymers—Novel materials for selective recognition of inorganics[J], Anal. Chim. Acta,2006,578:105.
[67]T Prasada Rao, S Daniel, J Mary Gladis, Tailored materials for preconcentration or separation of metals by ion-imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction[J], Trends in Anal, Chem.2004, 23(1):28.
[68]薛庆华.钯(Ⅱ)离子印迹聚合物的制备及其对钯(Ⅱ)离子的分离和富集性能[J].理化检验-化学分册,2009,45(7)：783-786.
[69]H Zheng, D Zhang, W Y Wang, Highly selective determination of palladium(Ⅱ) after preconcentration using Pd(Ⅱ)-imprinted functionalized silica gel sorbent prepared by a surface imprinting technique[J]. Microchim Acta,2007,157:7-11.
[70]B Godlewska-Zylkiewicz, B Lesniewska, I Wawreniuk. Assessment of ion imprinted polymers based on Pd(II) chelate complexes for preconcentration and FAAS determination of palladium[J]. Talanta.2010,83:596-604.
[71]S Daniel, R S Praveen, T Prasada Rao, Ternary ion-association complex based ion imprinted polymers (ⅡPs) for trace determination of palladium(II) in environmental samples[J]. Anal. Chim Acta,2006,570:79-87.
[72]B Godlewska-Zylkiewicz, E Zambrzycka, B Lesniewska, et al, Wilczewska, Separation of ruthenium from environmental samples on polymeric sorbent based on imprinted Ru(Ⅲ)-allyl acetoacetate complex[J]. Talanta.2012,89,352-359.
[73]E Zambrzycka, D Roszko, B Lesniewska, et al, Studies of ion-imprinted polymers for solid-phase extraction of ruthenium from environmental samples before its determination by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry[J]. Spectrochim. Acta Part B.2011,66:508-516.
[74]H A Shawky. Synthesis of ion-Imprinting chitosan/PVA crosslinked membrane for selective removal of Ag(I)[J].J. Appl. Polym. Sci..2009,114:2608-2615.
[75]X W, Z L Wang, C L Ma, et al., Enrichment and separation of silver from waste solutions by metal ion imprinted membrane[J]. Hydrometallurgy,2009,100:82-86.
[76]Sergeyeva T. A., Piletska O. V., Piletsky S. A.. Sergeeva L. M., Brovko O. O., Elska G. V.. Data on the structure and recognition properties of the template-selective binding sites in semi-IPN-based molecularly imprinted polymer membranes[J]. Material Science and Engineering C.2008,28:1472-1479.
[77]武利庆,王晶.分子印迹聚合物预组装体系的计算机模拟[J].计算机与应用化学2007,24：1009-1013.
[78]Lin C. F., Huang W. S., Chou H. H., Lin J. T., Synthesis and characterization of cyclometalated iridium(III) complexes containing pyrimidine-based ligands[J]. Journal of Organometallic Chemistry,2009,694:2757-2769.
[79]夏树伟,徐香,于红,张慧玲.丙烯腈在Cu(111)面上化学吸附的密度泛函研究及NBO分析[J].高等学校化学学报,2007,28：751-754.
[80]郭洪声,何锡文,邓昌辉,等.药物扑热息痛分子模板聚合物的选择性富集与识别特性研究[J].高等学校化学学报2000,21(3)：363-367.
[81]孙宝维,杨敏莉,李元宗,常文保.模板结构与分子印迹效果间关系的研究[J].化学学报,2003,61(6)：878-884.
[82]Zhou J, He X W, Li Y J. Binding study on 5,5-diphenylhydation imprinted polymer constructed by utilizing an amide functional group[J]. Analytical Chimica Acta.1999,394(8):353-359.
[83]Haupt K, Mosbach K. Plastic antibodies:developments and applications[J]. Trends in Biotechnology,1998,16(11):468-475.
[84]Cormack P A G, Elorza A Z. Molecularly imprinted polymers:synthesis and characterisation [J]. Chromatography B,2004,804(1):173-182
[85]黄德如,汪仁庆,无机和配位化合物的红外拉曼光谱[M].北京：化学工业出版社,1986.
[86]周全法.贵金属深加工及其应用[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002,18.
[87]Berko A., Szokodblac J., Solymosi F.. Preparation and reactivity of Rh nanoparticles on TiO2 surface[J]. Solid State Ionics,2001,141-142:197-202.
[88]Pellegatta J. L., Blandy C., Colliere V., et al. Catalytic investigation of rhodium nanoparticles in hydrogenation of benzene and phenylacetylene[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical,2002,178 (1-2):55-61.
[89]Caporusso A. M., Panziera N., Pertici P., et al. Hydrosilylation of aromatic nitriles promoted by solvated rhodium atom-derived catalysts[J]. Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical, 1999,150(1-2):275-285.
[90]Mulukutla R. S., Shido T., Asakura K., et al. Characterization of rhodium oxide nanoparticles in MCM-41 and their catalytic performances for NO-CO reactions in excess O2[J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,2002,228(1-2):305-314.
[91]刘志斌,张锦柱,英迪,任卿,田锋,陈艳.溶剂萃取分离铑铱综述[J].矿业快报.2006,10： 30-32.
[92]余建民,贵金属萃取化学[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2005.
[93]杨赞金,铜(Ⅱ)和铑(Ⅲ)离子印迹聚合物的制备与性能研究.云南大学硕士言语[D],2010,36-51.
[94]杨兵,铱(Ⅳ)和铑(Ⅲ)离子印迹聚合物的制备、性能与应用研究.云南大学硕士论文[D],2011,42-53.