塔河4区奥陶系碳酸盐岩地层对比及有利储层预测
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摘要
塔河4区位于塔里木盆地北部的阿克库勒凸起上,碳酸盐岩储层主要分布在奥陶系,缝洞储集体发育,非均质性极强。受测井、地震等资料分辨率的约束,对于缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏的地层划分与对比研究较少,导致目前岩溶储层对比、地质模型研究停留在等厚地层对比基础上,无法满足开发阶段精细油藏描述的需求;碳酸盐岩储层性质的变化存在很高的随机性和突变性,增加了储层预测的难度,从而影响了开发水平和开发效果的提高。
本项研究的主要目的是通过对塔河4区中-下奥陶统鹰山组上段高频旋回的划分,建立鹰上段高频旋回地层格架,研究缝洞储集体的内幕结构与空间展布;通过研究,探索埋藏深度大、非均质性强的碳酸盐岩缝洞储集体地震储层预测技术。
本项研究以岩心、薄片、钻井、测井、地震等资料为基础,研究了塔河地区奥陶系岩石学特征,塔河4区鹰上段沉积相分布特征;总结出研究区储集空间以裂缝、孔隙、孔洞为主,并根据储集物性的差异对储集类型进行了划分,指出本区主要储集体类型为溶洞型、裂缝-孔洞型、裂缝型。
在储集体特征研究的基础上,优选INPEFA测井旋回技术对鹰上段进行了地层划分与对比,建立了高频旋回地层格架,并研究了缝洞储集体在各个旋回内的空间展布特征。
在地质理论指导下,利用高品质地震资料近似恢复了塔河4区中-下奥陶统顶部古地貌,搞清了古地貌展布特征;利用相干分析、不连续性检测、曲率分析技术对研究区奥陶系潜山面的古水系、断裂、裂缝发育带进行了预测,查明了研究区古水系、断裂带、裂缝发育带的发育特征。探索了碳酸盐岩地震属性储层预测技术,研究表明多属性聚类分析能够较好的预测有利储层发育带;谱分解技术可以较好的表征孔洞发育带的展布,但对裂缝发育带的分辨率不够;测井约束反演在预测较大的洞穴时具有较大的优势。
论文的创新点有:1.利用INPEFA测井旋回技术实现了塔河4区鹰山组上段碳酸盐岩地层高频旋回的划分与对比,首次建立了鹰山组上段高频旋回等时地层格架;2.在高频旋回地层格架约束下,研究了鹰山组上段各个旋回内储集体的空间展布特征;3.应用古地貌恢复、相干分析、不连续检测、曲率分析、多属性聚类分析、谱分解、测井约束反演等技术进行了有利储层预测,形成了一套适合于碳酸盐岩储层地震预测技术。
Tahe district IV is located in Akekule Heave of Northern Tarim Basin. Carbonate reservoir mainly concentrates in Ordovician. Limited by the resolution of logging data and seismic data, little research has been conducted in stratigraphic division and correlation of carbonate reservoir of the pores and fractures type, which causes karstification reservoir correlation and research on geological model have to use the same thickness, it is far from sufficient to meet the requirements of fine reservior description in oil field development. Some changes in carbonate reservoir lithology and physical properties have?the characteristics of voluntariness mutagenicity, which made it more difficult to predicte using seismic data, and seriously hindered the effects of oilfield exploitation.
The main purpose of this paper is to establish high frequency cycle stratigraphic framework of the upper Yingshan Formation of middle-lower Ordovician in Tahe district IV, based on the classification of high frequency cycle; and search for reservoir prediction technique for carbonate reservoir characterized by deep burial depth and very high heterogeneity.
Based on the core data, thin section data, borehole data, well logging data and seismic data, the paper studied petrologic features of Ordovician in Tahe district IV and the distribution of sedimentary facies of the upper Yingshan Formation. The conclusion is that the main reservoir spaces in Tahe district IV are mainly fractures, holes, caves; The main type of the reservoir includes cave reservoir, fracture-hole reservoir, fracture reservoir .
Based on study of reservoir characteristics, using INPEFA technique established high frequency cycle stratigraphic framework in the upper Yingshan Formation, and studied the characteristics and its distribution of Karstification reservoir within the correlation framework.
Under the guidance of the geological research, paleogeomorphology has been approximately restored of the top of middle-lower Ordovician in Tahe district IV using high-resolution 3-D seismic data, and it further investigated the distribution characteristics of paleogeomorphology. Applying techniques of coherent analysis, discontinuity detection, curvature analysis predicted the development zones of ancestral river, fault and the fracture, and then clarified their development characteristics of the top of middle-lower Ordovician in Tahe district IV. Finally, the paper explores seismic attributes reservoir prediction techniques. The research inticates multiple attribution cluster analysis can predicte favorable zones for the development of reservoir, spectral decomposition technique can find out the distribution characteristics of holes and caves. logging-constrained inversion technique has the special advantages in the aspect of predicting the larger caves.
The innovations in the dissertation as bellow: 1 Applying INPEFA technique established high frequency cycle stratigraphic framework of the upper Yingshan Formation of middle-lower Ordovician in Tahe district IV for the first time. 2 The distribution characteristics of karst reservoir are studied whithin high frequency cycle stratigraphic framework. 3 Applying techniques of coherent analysis, discontinuity detection, curvature analysis, multiple attribution cluster analysis, spectral decomposition, log-constrained inversion predicted favorable reservoir zones, and formed a technique of carbonate reservoir prediction.
本项研究的主要目的是通过对塔河4区中-下奥陶统鹰山组上段高频旋回的划分,建立鹰上段高频旋回地层格架,研究缝洞储集体的内幕结构与空间展布;通过研究,探索埋藏深度大、非均质性强的碳酸盐岩缝洞储集体地震储层预测技术。
本项研究以岩心、薄片、钻井、测井、地震等资料为基础,研究了塔河地区奥陶系岩石学特征,塔河4区鹰上段沉积相分布特征;总结出研究区储集空间以裂缝、孔隙、孔洞为主,并根据储集物性的差异对储集类型进行了划分,指出本区主要储集体类型为溶洞型、裂缝-孔洞型、裂缝型。
在储集体特征研究的基础上,优选INPEFA测井旋回技术对鹰上段进行了地层划分与对比,建立了高频旋回地层格架,并研究了缝洞储集体在各个旋回内的空间展布特征。
在地质理论指导下,利用高品质地震资料近似恢复了塔河4区中-下奥陶统顶部古地貌,搞清了古地貌展布特征;利用相干分析、不连续性检测、曲率分析技术对研究区奥陶系潜山面的古水系、断裂、裂缝发育带进行了预测,查明了研究区古水系、断裂带、裂缝发育带的发育特征。探索了碳酸盐岩地震属性储层预测技术,研究表明多属性聚类分析能够较好的预测有利储层发育带;谱分解技术可以较好的表征孔洞发育带的展布,但对裂缝发育带的分辨率不够;测井约束反演在预测较大的洞穴时具有较大的优势。
论文的创新点有:1.利用INPEFA测井旋回技术实现了塔河4区鹰山组上段碳酸盐岩地层高频旋回的划分与对比,首次建立了鹰山组上段高频旋回等时地层格架;2.在高频旋回地层格架约束下,研究了鹰山组上段各个旋回内储集体的空间展布特征;3.应用古地貌恢复、相干分析、不连续检测、曲率分析、多属性聚类分析、谱分解、测井约束反演等技术进行了有利储层预测,形成了一套适合于碳酸盐岩储层地震预测技术。
Tahe district IV is located in Akekule Heave of Northern Tarim Basin. Carbonate reservoir mainly concentrates in Ordovician. Limited by the resolution of logging data and seismic data, little research has been conducted in stratigraphic division and correlation of carbonate reservoir of the pores and fractures type, which causes karstification reservoir correlation and research on geological model have to use the same thickness, it is far from sufficient to meet the requirements of fine reservior description in oil field development. Some changes in carbonate reservoir lithology and physical properties have?the characteristics of voluntariness mutagenicity, which made it more difficult to predicte using seismic data, and seriously hindered the effects of oilfield exploitation.
The main purpose of this paper is to establish high frequency cycle stratigraphic framework of the upper Yingshan Formation of middle-lower Ordovician in Tahe district IV, based on the classification of high frequency cycle; and search for reservoir prediction technique for carbonate reservoir characterized by deep burial depth and very high heterogeneity.
Based on the core data, thin section data, borehole data, well logging data and seismic data, the paper studied petrologic features of Ordovician in Tahe district IV and the distribution of sedimentary facies of the upper Yingshan Formation. The conclusion is that the main reservoir spaces in Tahe district IV are mainly fractures, holes, caves; The main type of the reservoir includes cave reservoir, fracture-hole reservoir, fracture reservoir .
Based on study of reservoir characteristics, using INPEFA technique established high frequency cycle stratigraphic framework in the upper Yingshan Formation, and studied the characteristics and its distribution of Karstification reservoir within the correlation framework.
Under the guidance of the geological research, paleogeomorphology has been approximately restored of the top of middle-lower Ordovician in Tahe district IV using high-resolution 3-D seismic data, and it further investigated the distribution characteristics of paleogeomorphology. Applying techniques of coherent analysis, discontinuity detection, curvature analysis predicted the development zones of ancestral river, fault and the fracture, and then clarified their development characteristics of the top of middle-lower Ordovician in Tahe district IV. Finally, the paper explores seismic attributes reservoir prediction techniques. The research inticates multiple attribution cluster analysis can predicte favorable zones for the development of reservoir, spectral decomposition technique can find out the distribution characteristics of holes and caves. logging-constrained inversion technique has the special advantages in the aspect of predicting the larger caves.
The innovations in the dissertation as bellow: 1 Applying INPEFA technique established high frequency cycle stratigraphic framework of the upper Yingshan Formation of middle-lower Ordovician in Tahe district IV for the first time. 2 The distribution characteristics of karst reservoir are studied whithin high frequency cycle stratigraphic framework. 3 Applying techniques of coherent analysis, discontinuity detection, curvature analysis, multiple attribution cluster analysis, spectral decomposition, log-constrained inversion predicted favorable reservoir zones, and formed a technique of carbonate reservoir prediction.
引文
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